scholarly journals Genome Comparison of Actinomyces Naeslundii with known Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Afifah Hanin Mohamad ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Arzmi ◽  
Noratikah Othman
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Genome Comparison ◽  
Probiotic Properties ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Bifidobacterium Species ◽  
Actinomyces Naeslundii

Introduction: Actinomyces naeslundii  is an oral microbiome that has been suggested to involve in actinomycosis particularly in immunocompromised patients. However, studies have also shown that the bacterium can inhibit the colonisation of Candida albicans and cariogenic bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. Even though various studies have been conducted to characterise  A. naeslundii, however, the role of the bacterium in the oral cavity either to induce pathogenicity or to improve oral health remain unclear. The objective of this study is to determine the role of A. naeslundii  in the oral cavity using bioinformatic tools with the hypothesis that A. naeslundii  possesses genome similarity to oral probiotics. Materials and method: The study was conducted by data mining of the genomic sequences of A. naeslundii  NCTC10301 from GenBank. Following that, genomic comparison was performed with 25 species of well-known probiotics. MAUVE version 2.3.1 was used to find similarities between  A. naeslundii with the known probiotics through identification of potential relevance probiotic properties in A. naeslundii. Phylogenetic tree was constructed using PHYLIP package to identify evolutionary relationship of A. naeslundii with the known probiotics. The 16s rRNA sequences of A. naeslundii and known probiotics were harvested from GenBank using BLAST. Finally, the functions of all A. naeslundii  genes that shared similarity with known probiotics were identified using INTERPRO. Result: Genome comparison analysis of the present study showed that A. naeslundii  genome exhibited high similarity to Bifidobacterium species such as B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. bifidum, B. longum and B. breve. In addition, phylogenetic tree analysis showed that  Bacillus  species, B. subtilis  and  B. cereus , appeared to clade together with A. naeslundii, with bootstrap value of 98%. Conclusion: A. naeslundii had high similarity with probiotic Bifidobacterium species thus supported the hypothesis of the present study that A. naeslundii possesses genome similarity to oral probiotic.

scholarly journals Role of Oral Microbiome Signatures in Diagnosis and Prognosis of Oral Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 153303381986735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indranil Chattopadhyay ◽  
Mukesh Verma ◽  
Madhusmita Panda
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Early Diagnostic

Despite advancement in cancer treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. To overcome these challenges, investigators should search for early diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. More than 700 bacterial species reside in the oral cavity. The oral microbiome population varies by saliva and different habitats of oral cavity. Tobacco, alcohol, and betel nut, which are causative factors of oral cancer, may alter the oral microbiome composition. Both pathogenic and commensal strains of bacteria have significantly contributed to oral cancer. Numerous bacterial species in the oral cavity are involved in chronic inflammation that lead to development of oral carcinogenesis. Bacterial products and its metabolic by-products may induce permanent genetic alterations in epithelial cells of the host that drive proliferation and/or survival of epithelial cells. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum induce production of inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation, and inhibition of apoptosis, cellular invasion, and migration thorough host cell genomic alterations. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral cancer–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. It is very important to address which bacterial species is responsible for driving oral carcinogenesis. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral squamous cell carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware that the protective properties of the resident microflora are beneficial to define treatment strategies. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral cancer and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral cancer.

scholarly journals Sex Steroid Hormones as a Balancing Factor in Oral Host Microbiome Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pilar Cornejo Ulloa ◽  
Bastiaan P. Krom ◽  
Monique H. van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Oral Microorganisms

Sex steroid hormones (SSH) are cholesterol-derived molecules. They are secreted into saliva and enter the oral cavity, triggering physiological responses from oral tissues, with possible clinical implications, such as gingival inflammation and bleeding. SSH and hormonal changes affect not only oral host cells but also oral microorganisms.Historically, most research has focused on the effect of hormonal changes on specific bacteria and yeasts. Recently a broader effect of SSH on oral microorganisms was suggested. In order to assess the role of SSH in host-microbe interactions in the oral cavity, this review focuses on how and up to what extent SSH can influence the composition and behavior of the oral microbiome. The available literature was reviewed and a comprehensive hypothesis about the role of SSH in host-microbiome interactions is presented. The limited research available indicates that SSH may influence the balance between the host and its microbes in the oral cavity.

scholarly journals Role of salivary glycopatterns for oral microbiota associated with gastric cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Shu ◽  
Hanjie Yu ◽  
Xiameng Ren ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Cells

Abstract Microbiota in the oral cavity plays an important role in maintaining human health. Our previous studies have revealed significant alterations of salivary glycopatterns in gastric cancer (GC) patients, but it is unclear whether these altered salivary glycopatterns can cause the dysbiosis of oral microbiota. In this study, the oral microbiome of healthy volunteers and GC patients were detected. The neoglycoproteins were then synthesized according to the altered glycopatterns in GC patients and used to explore the effects of specific glycopattern against oral microbiota. The results showed that the fucose-neoglycoproteins could reduce the adhesion and toxicity of A. segnis to oral cells, change the glycan structures of lipopolysaccharide, and enhance the immunogenicity of A. segnis. This study revealed that the changes of salivary glycopatterns in GC patients might contribute to the dysbiosis of oral microbiota, had important implications in developing new carbohydrate drugs to maintain a balanced microbiota in the oral.

scholarly journals The Human Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease: From Sequences to Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse R. Willis ◽  
Toni Gabaldón
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Recent Sequencing ◽  
Intense Research

The human oral cavity is home to an abundant and diverse microbial community (i.e., the oral microbiome), whose composition and roles in health and disease have been the focus of intense research in recent years. Thanks to developments in sequencing-based approaches, such as 16S ribosomal RNA metabarcoding, whole metagenome shotgun sequencing, or meta-transcriptomics, we now can efficiently explore the diversity and roles of oral microbes, even if unculturable. Recent sequencing-based studies have charted oral ecosystems and how they change due to lifestyle or disease conditions. As studies progress, there is increasing evidence of an important role of the oral microbiome in diverse health conditions, which are not limited to diseases of the oral cavity. This, in turn, opens new avenues for microbiome-based diagnostics and therapeutics that benefit from the easy accessibility of the oral cavity for microbiome monitoring and manipulation. Yet, many challenges remain ahead. In this review, we survey the main sequencing-based methodologies that are currently used to explore the oral microbiome and highlight major findings enabled by these approaches. Finally, we discuss future prospects in the field.

Transoral Resection of Cancer of the Oral Cavity: The Role of the CO2 Laser

1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Stuart Strong ◽  
Charles W. Vaughan ◽  
Geza J. Jako ◽  
Thomas Polanyi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Co2 Laser ◽  
Transoral Resection

Sequencing Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree of HPV Isolated from Breast Cancer Patients at Thi-Qar Province/Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
The North ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin ◽  
Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded ◽  
History Of

Genetic variety examination has demonstrated fundamental to the understanding of the epidemiological and developmental history of Papillomavirus (HPV), for the development of accurate diagnostic tests and for efficient vaccine design. The HPV nucleotide diversity has been investigated widely among high-risk HPV types. To make the nucleotide sequence of HPV and do the virus database in Thi-Qar province, and compare sequences of our isolates with previously described isolates from around the world and then draw its phylogenetic tree, this study done. A total of 6 breast formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) of the female patients were included in the study, divided as 4 FFPE malignant tumor and 2 FFPE of benign tumor. The PCR technique was implemented to detect the presence of HPV in breast tissue, and the real-time PCR used to determinant HPV genotypes, then determined a complete nucleotide sequence of HPV of L1 capsid gene, and draw its phylogenetic tree. The nucleotide sequencing finding detects a number of substitution mutation (SNPs) in (L1) gene, which have not been designated before, were identified once in this study population, and revealed that the HPV16 strains have the evolutionary relationship with the South African race, while, the HPV33 and HPV6 showing the evolutionary association with the North American and East Asian race, respectively.

The role of compulsory periodical medical examination in employee’s dental health maintenance

2020 ◽  
pp. 678-678
Author(s):  
E. Y. Leontyeva ◽  
T. Y. Bykovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Health Maintenance

The analysis of the appealability for the rehabilitation of the oral cavity of staff subject to mandatory periodic examinations at the dentist. The growth of indicators characterizing the dental activity of employees was noted. Subject to the principle of continuity, annual mandatory periodic examinations can be one of the factors in maintaining the dental health of employees.

The role of probiotics in correction of microbiocenosis and cytokine balance of the oral cavity of patient with chronic inflammatory disease of periodont

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-330
Author(s):  
E. S. Ovcharenko ◽  
V. V. Erichev ◽  
S. I. Risovannij ◽  
T. V. Aksenova ◽  
S. V. Melekhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Before And After

Relevance. A long-term inflammation in the oral cavity, unreasonable treatment of periodontal patients with antibiotics cause imbalance between certain types of fungal-bacterial associations accompanied by oral dysbiosis and change of local immune status. So, development and application of new comprehensive diagnosis and treatment techniques in periodontal patients, use of products for correction of microbiota and local immunity are a current and a long-term task. Purpose is to optimize the comprehensive treatment protocol of inflammatory periodontal diseases by introducing probiotics and evaluation of oral microbiome and cytokine profile.Materials and methods. 140 patients were examined. Of these 60 patients had chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and 60 patients suffered from moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. Bacterial and fungal microbiome was assessed and the host immune response was evaluated in all patients before and after the treatment. Half of the patients were treated conventionally and the other half were treated according to a modified scheme: probiotic “Bifidumbacterin Forte” was added.Results. A large number of yeast-like fungi Candida and commensal bacteria were detected in periodontal pockets of patients with chronic generalized plaque-induced gingivitis and moderate chronic generalized periodontitis. That correlates with a significant increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL—8), decrease of concentration of INF-γ and increase of antiinflammatory cytokine IL-4.Conclusion. Changes in clinical, microbiological and immunological values during a modified combination therapy with a probiotic and during a conventional treatment demonstrated that effectiveness of treatment of chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis increased by 40% and 37% respectively.

Importance of Oral Health in Pregnancy: A Mini-symposium

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158
Author(s):  
Aditi Priyamvara ◽  
Amit K. Dey ◽  
Antara Bagchi ◽  
Raveena Kelkar ◽  
Rajaram Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Impact ◽  
Low Birth Weight Babies ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: It is known that hormonal imbalances during pregnancy make women more susceptible to dental problems. High levels of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy, lead to an increased inflammatory response to dental plaque thus causing predisposing to gum diseases such as gingivitis. If untreated, gingivitis leads to chronic periodontitis which may manifest systemically in form of cardiovascular, endocrine or even respiratory disorders. Also, hyperacidity in the oral cavity due to gastric reflux and vomiting leads to decreased pH thus damaging the tooth enamel making the oral cavity more prone to tooth decay and tooth loss. Studies also show that periodontal disease can also lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as pre-term and low birth weight babies. Objectives: We sought to understand the role of oral health in pregnancy. Methods: We identified major articles of interest in the field of oral health in pregnancy and drafted a mini-symposium based on relevant information. Conclusion: Regular dental visits and cognizant efforts to sustain a healthy oral environment can help women in the prevention and treatment of dental issues during pregnancy. The paper highlights the common oral manifestations during pregnancy and their local and systemic impact on the body during pregnancy. Furthermore, it also emphasizes the importance of good oral health practices to counteract the oral complications and the significance of oral health awareness in pregnant women.

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