Labor productivity as the main criterion of economic growth: theoretical aspects (applied to agriculture)

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Bykovskaya ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Bondarenko ◽  
Elbrus B. Tolparov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Agriculture Labor ◽  
Production Labor

In the system of indicators and signs of the economic development of social production, labor productivity is of crucial importance. The productivity of materialized and living labor is an indicator of the real achievements of the economy - both of an individual business entity and of the entire national economy as a whole, reflects the possibilities of its development in the future and shows the state of each branch of the economy, including agriculture. Labor productivity is the factor that determines the organizational level of an economic entity, characterizes the effectiveness of the management system as a whole, the level of technical and technological equipment of production processes. In addition, labor productivity reflects the professional level of employees, the culture of industrial relations, the stability and organization of the enterprise in a competitive external environment.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF SUBORDINATION OF LABOUR TO CAPITAL IN THE ERA OF DIGITALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Shatnenko ◽  
◽  
Iryna Viazmikina ◽  
Ihor Spaskyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Capital Mobility ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The article raises the problem of the peculiarities of the subordination of labour to capital in the context of modern digitalization. Digitalization is recognized as a process that has a profound impact on the entire economy. Proliferation of digitalization is of great importance for the social production. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the scale of digitalization and determine its impact on the main agent of industrial relations – the workforce. The consequences of digitalization are closely linked to growing employment problems. There are many studies which assess the impact of digitalization on jobs, on the structure of the workforce. It is stressed that the workforce was pushed out of middle-income jobs, so these workers were either leaving the workforce or finding work among non-routine manual occupations with lower wages. New digital possibilities of subordination of labor to capital, forms of digital socialization, isolation and the impact of digitalization on the dynamics of labor productivity are explored. It is shown that the growth of labor productivity in the information sector did not lead to the expected growth of labor productivity in the traditional sectors of material production. In the financial sector of the economy, the development of information technology increases capital mobility, accelerates the time of its turnover, but at the same time it promotes the growth of financial bubbles and increases the instability of the financial system. Digitalization reveals two antagonistic tendencies: on the one hand – the global digital society blurs the boundaries between people of different countries, social strata, overcoming both spatial and linguistic barriers, on the other hand, there is an opposite tendency of the so-called digital isolation or loneliness, when a person is locked in the space of gadgets and at the same time existentially lonely, separated from direct interaction with other people. The development of digital technologies is not able to change the nature of capital, but on the contrary – creates new forms of subordination of hired labour to capital.

Profits and GDP in the basic model

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-53
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Łaski
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Consumption Goods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Sectors ◽  
Investment Multiplier ◽  
Multiplier Process

In the basic model it is assumed that the economy is closed and there is no government. In this situation, with two sectors producing respectively investment and consumption goods, total output and employment are determined by investment through the Keynesian investment multiplier. This result obtains because the capitalist economy is demand-constrained. By contrast, the centrally planned socialist economies were supply-constrained. In the capitalist economy the multiplier process ensures that investment finances itself through providing exactly the same amount of saving as investment in any given period. However, the condition for the stability of this result is the rise in wages with labor productivity.

Getting the Big Picture

2003 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Balka
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
System Development ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Health Information System ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Corporate Strategies

Summary Objectives: While recognized that global actors influence health information system design, studies of health informatics have largely focused on micro politics of technology design and implementation. Here a problematic patient care information system (PCIS) is discussed in relation to federal and provincial policies and corporate strategies to demonstrate that our understanding of health informatics can be enhanced by linking micro studies of health informatics to larger macro contexts. Methods: Interviews and document study. Results: Although the extent to which federal initiatives influenced (or failed to influence) provincial and hospital initiatives remains debateable, events initiated at one level (the hospital’s decision to implement software, initiated at the organizational level) are influenced (perhaps indirectly) by developments in other contexts (federal /macro changes gave an initiative more weight; provincial initiatives such as the Labour Accord altered the industrial relations environment in which system development occurred). Conclusions: Micro-studies of work practice, invaluable in addressing interactions between technologies, users and work practices, often fail to account for the historic reach of global actors, although it is often these historic circumstances that contribute to present-day interactions between user, information system and organization, and that find expression – often indirectly – in daily work practices.

The impact of work-life culture on organizational productivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 883-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel de Sivatte ◽  
Judith R. Gordon ◽  
Pilar Rojo ◽  
Ricardo Olmos
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Archival Data ◽  
Organizational Productivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship of work-life culture and organizational productivity and determine if it is mediated by the availability of work-life programs. Design/methodology/approach – Quantitative data for the study were collected using three sources: an original survey completed by managers of 195 different companies, archival data from two databases, and archival data published in three national surveys. Hypotheses were tested using path analyses. Findings – The data reveals that work-life culture has no direct effect on labor productivity but does have an indirect effect on it, through the availability of work-life programs. Research limitations/implications – One of the study’s limitations is that its design is cross-sectional. The authors suggest that future longitudinal studies examine the impact of work-life culture on organizational outcomes. Practical implications – Practitioners should note the importance of promoting a favorable work-life culture and offering work-life programs as they enhance labor productivity. Originality/value – The authors examine the impact of work-life culture on organizational productivity, a relatively understudied relationship at the organizational level.

scholarly journals Redistribution of tax resources: a cooperative game theory approach

SERIEs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Game ◽  
Shapley Value ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Budget Allocation ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Allocation Rules ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Balanced Allocation ◽  
The Stability

AbstractWe consider the problem of how to distribute public expenditure among the different regions of an economic entity after all taxes have been collected. Typical examples are: the regions that make up a country, the states of a federal country, or the countries of a confederation of countries. We model the problem as a cooperative game in coalitional form, called the tax game. This game estimates the fiscal resources collected in each region, or coalition of regions, by differentiating between what comes from economic activity within each region and what comes from trade with the other regions. This methodology provides a measure of the disagreement within a region, or coalitions of regions, with respect to the budget received. Similarly, the stability of a budget allocation can be inferred by its situation within the core of the corresponding tax game. We consider the Spanish case as an example and show that the current regional financial system has a moderate degree of instability. We introduce two budget allocation rules, both borrowed from the cooperative games literature: the balanced allocation, which coincides with the nucleolus and with the Shapley value of the tax game, and the weighted balanced allocation, which coincides with the weighted Shapley value. We compare both budget allocation rules with the current Spanish financial system.

scholarly journals Model Development to Ensuring the Enterprise Financial Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 12196-12199
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
Innovative Method ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Commercial Organizations

In modern economic conditions, it is necessary for each organization to create a model of ensuring financial security that would be resistant to financial risks and actively stimulate the socio-economic development of an economic entity. The financial security of an enterprise is a complex, multifaceted concept that depends on many factors that arise both within the enterprise and beyond. That is why the financial security of enterprises is of great importance in ensuring the stability of the national economy and the need for an integrated method to financial security management, taking into account current business trends. The systematization and improvement of methodological to assess the financial security of commercial organizations is relevant and necessary. The article explores ways to assess the financial security of an organization and presents an innovative method that allows, based on the integrated indicator, to monitor changes in the level of financial security in dynamics.

scholarly journals ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS BY APPLYING AN INTEGRATED RISK MANAGEMENT APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl.1) ◽  
pp. 203-209
Author(s):  
P. Biolcheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Information Products ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Integrated Risk Management

To maintain their competitiveness, business organizations need not only to rely on innovation, sales and good marketing. An important condition is to maintain their reputation, ensure business continuity, avoid leakage and loss of assets. This also outlines the importance of risk management. Effective risk management is a mandatory element of overall management at organizational level. The integration of different operating systems with the risk management system makes it easier to identify, analyze and manage all risk factors. The purpose of this paper is to outline the benefits of using an integrated risk management system as well as the relevance of information products to business organizations. Empirical research, among business organizations with a different subject of activity, is used to achieve the goal. The results show the effect on the stability of the organizations and their competitiveness.

Modern approaches to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development of inter-organizational cooperation of agricultural organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
L. I. Khoruzhy ◽  
Yu. N. Katkov ◽  
T. N. Gupalova ◽  
A. A. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stable Position ◽  
Economic Entity ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Organizational Cooperation

The stability of an economic entity, as a rule, is interpreted by the authors as an opportunity to achieve an acceptable level of economic security risks through the tools. This stable position is achieved by keeping the values of the indicators within the limits set for a particular member of the partnership and cooperation as a whole for a certain period. Sustainability in the framework of this study should be understood as the state of stability of the company over a certain period. The period is determined based on the specifics of the indicator. The interest of science among domestic and foreign authors is due to the specifics of the management mechanism of providing systems and achieving a stable position of large associations of economic units. The article discusses the concepts of system stability, approaches to understanding the stability of interorganizational formation, factors affecting system stability, the foundations of the mechanism for achieving stability in

scholarly journals Invariance Property of the Stability Test with respect to the Characteristic Impedance

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Amr A. Ibrahim ◽  
Ali M. Darwish ◽  
H. Alfred Hung
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Impedance ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Invariance Property ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Stability Tests ◽  
Output Terminal ◽  
The Stability

Stability of electrical amplifiers is of crucial importance. Among the popular stability tests is the μ-test which has many advantages over other tests like the K-Δ test. However, the value of μ parameter is dependent on the input/output terminal characteristic impedance used and this raises the concern that the predictions of the test are dependent on the choice of . This paper proves that the conclusions of the μ-test regarding stability/instability remain invariant with . This proof is necessary for gaining confidence in the results of the μ-test and should benefit circuit designers. Similar proofs should be extended to all other stability tests for additional insights into their validity under different circuit termination.

Industrial Relations Effects of English Health Care Reforms on Doctors

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Joseph Loewenberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
National Health ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Health Care Reforms ◽  
Principal Finding ◽  
The Stability

Doctors are central to the provision of health care. In England, doctors have been part of and have dealt with the National Health Service for over 45 years. This study looks at recent changes within and outside the National Health Service and their effects on the industrial relations system and outcomes for doctors. The changes include structural reforms imposed by government, changes resulting from dissatisfaction of junior doctors, and reforms advocated by the European Community. A principal finding is that the changes may potentially affect almost every aspect of employment and working conditions of doctors and of the professional and bargaining organizations that represent them. In particular, the changes may alter the existing relationships in doctors' ranks and between hospitals and senior doctors. Hence, the stability and uniformity of the industrial relations system are threatened.

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