Exploration of potential regional resources for beef cattle farming development in West Java, Indonesia

More than 90% of cattle in Indonesia are raised by smallholder farmer. They are facing limited land resources so that the input of feed mostly depend on the agriculture waste and its environment. The aimed of this study was to determine the potential agricultural resources which influence to the development of beef cattle. The sample locations were 3 districts from the eastern part of West Java province. Panel data of variables that were thought have an effect on beef cattle development were taken from 2012 to 2019 in three regencies. These data were analyses by Multiple Regression Model using the OLS method. The stationary test was done before using time series data by unit root tests of Augmented Dickey-Fuller. The results of this research showed that the corn and Cassava production, as well as the population as a source of agriculture labor in a region was potential resources to increase of beef cattle population. The integration of cattle and corn farming on suitable land in a region needs to be considered as the strategy in beef cattle farming development, because the corn production per unit of land can produce the highest feed compared to the other food crop residues.

Women’s Roles and Rights in the Means of Earning and Nation’s Economic Growth

Women are the most important members of the society. Islam is the only religion where women are given their due rights in the light of rights and duties without discrimination. As we know that in human society there have been opinions based on discrimination against women’s character and role. Prophet Mohammad (PBUH) has completed all aspects of prophet-hood and nothing can be added and removed in it. And the most important thing is that Prophet (PBUH) has shed ample light on women’s social and economic role. This elaboration of women’s social and economic role has uncovered the fact that during the time of Prophet Mohammad and spread of Islam women have participated to their utmost to benefit Islam. Among different aspects of women’s liberation one aspect is their right of trade and business ownership which is complete contrast against western concept of women liberation. Though in Islam, women are not obligated to earn for living, but Islam gives them proper right in certain economic issues like, Feminine services, breastfeeding, incubation, and medicine and women surgeries. In the light of mentioned example we conclude that women are one of the most important part of economic welfare of the society, and there is no place of Western claim that Islam has made women “a disabled part”. In the light of Prophet Mohammad’s (PB UH) character and sayings all possible means of earning for women and their level of participation is discussed and elaborated in accordance with the following professions: trade, agriculture, labor, handicraft. In this brief article following topics will be discussed: Women’s monetary right in the light of prophet’s Teachings. Legitimate means of earning for women (in accordance with modern era) Illegitimate means of earning for women (in accordance with modern era) Suggestions and recommendations.

Effect of climate change on fruit by co-integration and machine learning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts on production of five fruit crops from 1961 to 2018 of energy use, CO2 emissions, farming areas and the labor force in China. Design/methodology/approach This analysis applied the autoregressive distributed lag-bound testing (ARDL) approach, Granger causality method and Johansen co-integration test to predict long-term co-integration and relation between variables. Four machine learning methods are used for prediction of the accuracy of climate effect on fruit production. Findings The Johansen test findings have shown that the fruit crop growth, energy use, CO2 emissions, harvested land and labor force have a long-term co-integration relation. The outcome of the long-term use of CO2 emission and rural population has a negative influence on fruit crops. The energy consumption, harvested area, total fruit yield and agriculture labor force have a positive influence on six fruit crops. The long-run relationships reveal that a 1% increase in rural population and CO2 will decrease fruit crop production by −0.59 and −1.97. The energy consumption, fruit harvested area, total fruit yield and agriculture labor force will increase fruit crop production by 0.17%, 1.52%, 1.80% and 4.33%, respectively. Furthermore, uni-directional causality is correlated with the growth of fruit crops and energy consumption. Also, the results indicate that the bi-directional causality impact varies from CO2 emissions to agricultural areas to fruit crops. Originality/value This study also fills the literature gap in implementing ARDL for agricultural fruits of China, used machine learning methods to examine the impact of climate change and to explore this important issue.

From Smart Farming towards Unmanned Farms: A New Mode of Agricultural Production

Agriculture is the most important industry for human survival and solving the hunger problem worldwide. With the growth of the global population, the demand for food is increasing, which needs more agriculture labor. However, the number of people willing to engage in agricultural work is decreasing, causing a severe shortage of agricultural labor. Therefore, it is necessary to study the mode of agricultural production without labor force participation. With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, Big Data, artificial intelligence, robotics and fifth-generation (5G) communication technology, robots can replace humans in agricultural operations, thus enabling the establishment of unmanned farms in the near future. In this review, we have defined unmanned farms, introduced the framework of unmanned farms, analyzed the current state of the technology and how these technologies can be used in unmanned farms, and finally discuss all the technical challenges. We believe that this review will provide guidance for the development of unmanned farms and provide ideas for further investigation of these farms.

Labor productivity as the main criterion of economic growth: theoretical aspects (applied to agriculture)

In the system of indicators and signs of the economic development of social production, labor productivity is of crucial importance. The productivity of materialized and living labor is an indicator of the real achievements of the economy - both of an individual business entity and of the entire national economy as a whole, reflects the possibilities of its development in the future and shows the state of each branch of the economy, including agriculture. Labor productivity is the factor that determines the organizational level of an economic entity, characterizes the effectiveness of the management system as a whole, the level of technical and technological equipment of production processes. In addition, labor productivity reflects the professional level of employees, the culture of industrial relations, the stability and organization of the enterprise in a competitive external environment.

TOPONYMY AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE AGRICULTURAL LIFE OF OSSETIANS

В статье рассматриваются топонимы, в которых отражено занятие осетин земледельческим трудом. В географических названиях представлены знания народа о характере почв, наборе возделываемых сельскохозяйственных культур и агротехнических приемах, направленных на повышение урожайности нив. Отдельно представлены названия, связанные с трудовыми процессами на земле: пахота, вывоз и складирование урожая, его обмолот и хранение. Наличие значительного количества сельскохозяйственных терминов в топонимии Осетии свидетельствует о развито- сти земледелия как важного элемента хозяйственного быта народа. The article considers toponyms, that refl ect the employment of Ossetians in agriculture labor. The geographical names represent the knowledge of the people about the nature of soils, the set of cultivated crops and agricultural techniques aimed at increasing the yield of fi elds. Names related to labor processes on land are presented separately: plowing, export and storage of harvest, its threshing and storage. The presence of a signifi cant number of agricultural terms in the toponymy of Ossetia indicates the development of agriculture as an important element of the economic life of the people.

Welfare Employment and Its Impact on the Agricultural Sector Workforce in Trinidad, West Indies

The agricultural sector in Trinidad and Tobago is characterized by a labor shortage. A qualitative research design was used to investigate the impact of a national welfare employment program, on the agriculture labor sector. The study recruited n = 19 Community-Based Environmental Protection and Enhancement Program (CEPEP) employees, n = 10 farmers and n = 7 agricultural professionals for in-depth interviews and focus group sessions. A review was conducted of newspaper articles and national budget statements for content related to CEPEP and agriculture. A thematic analysis was conducted to establish themes from the data gathered from the participants and from the media review. The themes emerged were “CEPEP’s benefits to agriculture”, “Labor shortages in Agriculture”, “Convenience Employment” and “Challenges to CEPEP in Agriculture”. The study concludes that welfare employment can be incorporated into the development agenda for agriculture in Trinidad and Tobago once the issues of capacity building, retooling and mentorship, wage adjustments are factored into a structured program.

Examining the Significance of the Luzon W-growth Corridor to Agricultural Agglomeration and Labor Productivity

Economic corridors are transport routes that form a strategic access network for economic hubs to reinforce regional growth. Transport corridors ensure the decisive movement of people and goods. The Philippines made its initial corridor development efforts aimed at prioritizing local industries and trade activity within its geographical confines. The W-Growth corridor (LWGC) on the island of Luzon passes through the provinces in Central Luzon and extends to the CALABARZON region. This research established the significance of the institutionalization of LWGC on agricultural agglomeration and labor productivity by applying particular measurements for corridor utilization and effects. Annual data on production sectors per region were utilized for corridor monitoring and agriculture productivity were utilized for corridor evaluation. The structural form of the proposed economic models apprised endogeneity bias, so the Two-Stage Least Square procedure was applied. This procedure revealed non-incidence of regional agriculture agglomeration, but that competition for agriculture labor is evident. Trade activity was also found to boost both output and labor productivity in agriculture. Keywords: transport corridor, institutionalization, agglomeration, labor productivity in agriculture