scholarly journals Relationship of Hull Mesocarp Color to Seed Germination and Vigor in Large-Seeded Virginia-Type Peanuts

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Spears ◽  
G. A. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Maturity Class ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Classification of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) based on pod mesocarp color has become a popular means of estimating maturity of runner peanuts. This study was initiated to determine if the hull mesocarp color is related to seed maturity of virginia-type peanuts and to evaluate changes in quality as seed mature. Cultivars NC 7 and NC 9 peanuts were harvested by hand in 1990, 1991, and 1992. Pods were separated according to mesocarp color. Seed moisture content and dry weight within a maturity class varied with cultivar and production year. Germination of NC 7 seed grown in 1990 and 1992 increased as seed approached maturity. Immature NC 9 seed grown in 1991 and 1992 had substantially lower germination than seed from mature pods. There was no increase in germination during maturation of NC 7 seed harvested in 1991 or NC 9 from 1990. Seed leakage during imbibition, measured by electrical conductivity, decreased as seed matured. The lowest leakage levels occurred when seed had reached physiological maturity. Germination following accelerated aging (AA) increased as seed matured. Maximum AA germination of NC 7 occurred when seed had reached 77, 84, and 100% of their final dry weight in 1990, 1991, and 1992, respectively. NC 9 seed achieved maximum germination following AA after the seed amassed at least 90% of their final dry weight.

scholarly journals Relationship of black layer and milk line development on maize seed maturity

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.D. Vieira ◽  
L. Minohara ◽  
N.M. de Carvalho ◽  
M.C.M. Bergamaschi
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Relationship Of

The relationship of black layer and milk line development on maize seed maturity was evaluated under tropical conditions. Seed moisture (g.kg-1), standard germination - SG (7 days, 25°C), and vigor, using accelerated aging-AA (96 hours, 42°C and 100% of RH), cold test-CT only in 1991/92 (7 days at 10°C and 7 days at 25°C) and electrical conductivity-EC (four 50-seed samples, 24 hours imbibition at 25°C) and milk line and black layer formation (using a five-stage rating system) were determined at 3 to 4 days intervals, using two genotypes (hybrid CX 133 and variety IAC 100) during the crop seasons of 1990/91 and 1991/92. The results showed that physiological maturity was reached before stage 4, based on seed germination and vigor (AA and CT) values, which occurred before that stage and presented the lowest values of EC. On the other hand, moisture content levels of 300 to 350 g.kg-1 were reached only at stage 4. The milk line ratings proved useful in predicting physiological maturity as well as the harvest maturity.

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

Response of adzuki bean to pre-emergence herbicides

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 601-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Sikkema ◽  
N. Soltani ◽  
C. Shropshire ◽  
D. E. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Adzuki Bean ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Adequate Margin

Limited herbicide options are available to adzuki bean growers in southwestern Ontario. Six field trials were conducted in Ontario during 2003 and 2004 to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki bean to dimethenamid (1250 and 2500 g a.i. ha-1), S-metolachlor (1600 and 3200 g a.i. ha-1), clomazone (1000 and 2000 g a.i. ha-1), and imazethapyr (75 and 150 g a.i. ha-1) applied pre-emergence. Dimethenamid caused up to 37% visual injury and reduced plant height, shoot dry weight and yield 27, 59 and 52%, respectively. Seed maturity was also delayed by dimethenamid at 2500 g ha-1. S-metolachlor caused up to 34% visual inj ury and reduced plant height, shoot dry weight and yield 27, 48 and 48%, respectively. Clomazone caused 53% visual injury and reduced plant height, shoot dry weight and yield 47, 84 and 78%, respectively. Imazethapyr caused up to 6% visual injury; however, this injury was transient with no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield of adzuki bean. Based on these results, dimethenamid, S-metolachlor and clomazone applied pre-emergence (PRE) do not have an adequate margin of crop safety for use in adzuki bean at the doses evaluated. However, imazethapyr applied PRE has an adequate margin of crop safety for weed management in adzuki bean production in Ontario at the doses evaluated. Key words: Clomazone, dimethenamid, imazethapyr, S-metolachlor, tolerance

scholarly journals Assessing the storage potential of Australian rainforest seeds: a decision-making key to aid rapid conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sommerville ◽  
G. Errington ◽  
Z-J. Newby ◽  
G. S. Liyanage ◽  
C. A. Offord
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Fresh Seed ◽  
Desiccation Sensitivity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Characteristics

AbstractSeed banking of rainforest species is hindered by lack of knowledge as to which species are tolerant of desiccation and freezing. We assessed 313 Australian rainforest species for seed banking suitability by comparing the germination percentage of fresh seeds to seeds dried at 15% RH and seeds stored at −20 °C after drying. We then compared desiccation responses to environmental, habit, fruit and seed characteristics to identify the most useful predictors of desiccation sensitivity. Of 162 species with ≥ 50% initial germination, 22% were sensitive to desiccation, 64% were tolerant and 10% were partially tolerant; the responses of 4% were uncertain. Of 107 desiccation tolerant species tested for response to freezing, 24% were freezing sensitive or short-lived in storage at −20 °C. Median values for fresh seed moisture content (SMC), oven dry weight (DW) and the likelihood of desiccation sensitivity (PD-S) were significantly greater for desiccation sensitive than desiccation tolerant seeds. Ninety-four to 97% of seeds with SMC < 29%, DW < 20 mg or PD-S < 0.01 were desiccation tolerant. Ordinal logistic regression of desiccation response against environmental, habit, fruit and seed characteristics indicated that the likelihood of desiccation sensitivity was significantly increased by a tree habit, fleshy fruit, increasing fresh SMC and increasing PD-S. The responses observed in this study were combined with earlier studies to develop a simple decision key to aid prediction of desiccation responses in untested rainforest species.

scholarly journals Accelerated aging and controlled deterioration for the determination of the physiological potential of onion seeds

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelica Brod Rodo ◽  
Julio Marcos Filho
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Traditional Procedure ◽  
Accelerated Aging Test ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Controlled Deterioration

International research on vegetable seed vigor is not at the same level attained for grain crops species. This study was conducted to identify reliable procedures for the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests to rank onion (Allium cepa L.) seed lots according to their physiological potential. Six seed lots of the cultivars Aurora and Petroline were evaluated in the laboratory for germination, first count, seedling vigor classification, traditional and saturated salt accelerated aging (41ºC / 48 and 72 h), controlled deterioration (24% of water / 45ºC / 24 h) and seedling emergence tests. Seed moisture content after the saturated salt accelerated aging test was lower and uniform, which is considered an important advantage in comparison to the traditional procedure. The saturated salt accelerated aging (41ºC / 48 and 72 h) and controlled deterioration (moisture content adjusted to 24% / 45ºC / 24 h) tests were the best procedures to assess the physiological potential of onion seeds, and are indicated for use in quality control programs.

Dry Bean Response to Preemergence-Applied KIH-485

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Dry Beans ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
White Bean ◽  
Pinto Beans

Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2004 and 2005) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans to KIH-485 applied PRE at 210 and 420 g ai/ha. KIH-485 PRE caused as much as 67% visual injury in small-seeded and 44% visual injury in large-seeded dry beans. KIH-485 applied PRE at 420 g/ha reduced plant height up to 47% at Ridgetown and 8% at Exeter in 2004, and reduced height of brown and white bean by 15 and 19%, respectively, but had no effect on the height of the other beans in 2005. Shoot dry weight was not affected at Exeter in 2004 but was reduced by 46% at Ridgetown in 2004 and 14% at Exeter in 2005. In 2004, seed moisture content increased by 5, 6, and 12% in black, otebo, and pinto beans, respectively. Seed yield was reduced up to 27% at Ridgetown and 11% at Exeter in 2004 but was not affected at Exeter in 2005. On the basis of this research, KIH-485 PRE causes unacceptable injury in some dry bean market classes.

Leek (Allium porrum L.) seed development and germination

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Gray ◽  
J. R. A. Steckel ◽  
L. J. Hands
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Growth

AbstractThe effects of development of leek seeds at 20/10°, 25/15° and 30/20°C (day/night) and drying of seed harvested at different developmental stages on subsequent performance were examined in each of 3 years. An increase in temperature from 20/10° to 30/20°C reduced mean seed weight from 2.90 to 2.55 mg as a result of a reduction in the duration of seed growth from 80 to 55 days; seed growth rate was unaffected. Seed moisture content reached a minimum, up to 35 days after the attainment of maximum seed dry weight and 115, 90 and 70 days after anthesis at 20/10°, 25/15° and 30/20°C, respectively. The curves relating seed moisture to time for each temperature regime were mapped onto a single line accounting for >90% of the variation in moisture content, using accumulated day-degrees >6°C instead of chronological time. Seeds were capable of germinating when seed moisture contents were >60% (fresh weight basis), but maximum viability and minimum mean time to germination were not attained until seed moisture contents at harvest had fallen to 20–30%. Germination was little affected by temperature of seed development. Drying immature seeds increased percentage germination. Growing seeds at 30/20°C and drying at 35°C and 30% RH raised the upper temperature limit of germination compared with growing at 20/10°C and drying at 15°C and 30% RH.

Seed germination in Prunus cerasoides D. Don influenced by natural seed desiccation and varying temperature in Central Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India.

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 4567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhawna Tewari* ◽  
Ashish Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Desiccation ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Prunus Cerasoides

Prunus cerasoides D. Don the Himalayan wild cherry is one lesser known multipurpose tree species of Himalaya. The tree prefers to grow on sloping grounds between the altitudes of 1200-2400 m, on all types of soils and rocks. The tree is used as a medicinal plant in Himalayan region. The fruit is edible and the pulp is used to make a cherry brandy. The species has poor germination and seedling establishment in natural habitat. The over exploitation of seeds of the species coupled with relatively hard seed coat has adversely affects the germination of seeds in their natural habitat. The information about the seed maturity and technique of germination enhancement is scanty. The present study was conducted to assess the exact maturity time and optimum temperature for enhancement of germination in seed of P. cerasoides.  The fruit/seeds were collected from six sites covering the altitudinal range of 1350 – 1810 m during the period (2003-2004). The colour change of fruit from dark green to red was a useful indicator of seed maturity. Maximum germination coincided with 50.24 ± 0.19 % fruit and 30.11 ± 0.57 % seed moisture content. Negative correlation existed between germination and seed moisture content (r = 0.294; P< 0.01). Significantly higher germination occurred when seeds were placed above the paper at 25º C.

Tolerance of Otebo Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) to New Herbicides in Ontario

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Sikkema ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
Christy Shropshire ◽  
Nader Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Moisture

Weed management is a major production issue facing otebo bean growers in Ontario. Field trials were conducted at six Ontario locations during a 2-yr period (2003 and 2004) to evaluate the tolerance of otebo bean to the preplant incorporated (PPI) application of EPTC at 4,400 and 8,800 g ai/ha, trifluralin at 1,155 and 2,310 g ai/ha, dimethenamid at 1,250 and 2,500 g ai/ha,S-metolachlor at 1,600 and 3,200 g ai/ha, and imazethapyr at 75 and 150 g ai/ha. EPTC, trifluralin, dimethenamid, andS-metolachlor applied PPI resulted in minimal (less than 5%) visual injury and with exception of the low rate of dimethenamid causing a 16% reduction in shoot dry weight and the high rate causing an 8% plant height reduction had no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content, and yield. Imazethapyr applied PPI caused up to 7% visual injury and reduced plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield 8, 18, and 12% at 75 g/ha and 19, 38, and 27% at 150 g/ ha, respectively. Seed moisture content was also reduced by 0.4% with both rates. Based on these results, otebo bean is not tolerant of imazethapyr applied PPI at rates as low as 75 g/ha, the proposed use rate. EPTC, trifluralin, dimethenamid, andS-metolachlor applied PPI have a 2× rate crop safety margin for use in otebo bean weed management.

Onset of germinability, desiccation tolerance and hardseededness in developing seeds of Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC) K. Heyne (Caesalpinioideae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Mai-Hong ◽  
T.D. Hong ◽  
N.T. Hien ◽  
R.H. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tree Legume ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Filling Phase

In the hot and dry conditions in which seeds of the tree legume Peltophorum pterocarpum develop and mature in Vietnam, seed moisture content declined rapidly on the mother plant from 87% at 42 d after flowering (DAF) to 15% at 70 DAF. Dry weight of the pods attained a maximum value at about 42 DAF, but seed mass maturity (i.e. the end of the seed-filling phase) occurred at about 62 DAF, at which time seed moisture content was about 45–48%. The onset of the ability of freshly collected seeds to germinate (in 63-d tests at 28–34°C) occurred at 42 DAF, i.e. about 20 d before mass maturity. Full germination (98%) was attained at 70 DAF, i.e. at about 8 d after mass maturity. Thereafter, germination of fresh seeds declined, due to the imposition of a hard seed coat. Tolerance of desiccation to 10% moisture content was first detected at 56 DAF and was complete within the seed population by 84 DAF, i.e. about 22 d after mass maturity. Hardseededness began to be induced when seeds were dried to about 15% moisture content and below, with a negative logarithmic relation between hardseededness and moisture content below this value.

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