Transpiration Response to Vapor Pressure Deficit in Field Grown Peanut

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Balota ◽  
Steve McGrath ◽  
Thomas G. Isleib ◽  
Shyam Tallury
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Water deficit, i.e., rainfall amounts and distribution, is the most common abiotic stress that limits peanut production worldwide. Even though extensive research efforts have been made to improve drought tolerance in peanut, performance of genotypes largely depends upon the environment in which they grow. Based on greenhouse experiments, it has been hypothesized that stomata closure under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a mechanism of soil water conservation and it has been shown that genotypic variation for the response of transpiration rate to VPD in peanut exists. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between stomatal conductance (gs) and VPD for field grown peanut in Virginia-Carolina (VC) rainfed environments. In 2009, thirty virginia-type peanut cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for gs at several times before and after rain events, including a moisture stress episode. In 2010, eighteen genotypes were evaluated for gs under soil water deficit. In 2009, VPD ranged from 1.3 to 4.2 kPa and in 2010 from 1.78 to 3.57 kPa. Under water deficit, genotype and year showed a significant effect on gs (P  =  0.0001), but the genotype × year interaction did not. During the water deficit episodes while recorded gs values were relatively high, gs was negatively related to VPD (R2  =  0.57, n  =  180 in 2009; R2  =  0.47, n  =  108 in 2010), suggesting that stomata closure is indeed a water conservation mechanism for field grown peanut. However, a wide range of slopes among genotype were observed in both years. Genotypes with significant negative relationships of gs and VPD under water deficit in both years were Florida Fancy, Gregory, N04074FCT, NC-V11, and VA-98R. While Florida Fancy, Gregory, and NC-V11 are known to be high yielding cultivars, VA-98R and line N04074FCT are not. The benefit of stomatal closure during drought episodes in the VC environments is further discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Short-Term Exposure to High Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) Severely Impacts Durum Wheat Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in the Absence of Edaphic Water Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Dorra Fakhet ◽  
Fermín Morales ◽  
Iván Jauregui ◽  
Gorka Erice ◽  
Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
N Metabolism

Low atmospheric relative humidity (RH) accompanied by elevated air temperature and decreased precipitation are environmental challenges that wheat production will face in future decades. These changes to the atmosphere are causing increases in air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and low soil water availability during certain periods of the wheat-growing season. The main objective of this study was to analyze the physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional response of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism of wheat (Triticum durum cv. Sula) to increases in VPD and soil water stress conditions, either alone or in combination. Plants were first grown in well-watered conditions and near-ambient temperature and RH in temperature-gradient greenhouses until anthesis, and they were then subjected to two different water regimes well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS), i.e., watered at 50% of the control for one week, followed by two VPD levels (low, 1.01/0.36 KPa and high, 2.27/0.62 KPa; day/night) for five additional days. Both VPD and soil water content had an important impact on water status and the plant physiological apparatus. While high VPD and water stress-induced stomatal closure affected photosynthetic rates, in the case of plants watered at 50%, high VPD also caused a direct impairment of the RuBisCO large subunit, RuBisCO activase and the electron transport rate. Regarding N metabolism, the gene expression, nitrite reductase (NIR) and transport levels detected in young leaves, as well as determinations of the δ15N and amino acid profiles (arginine, leucine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, and serine) indicated activation of N metabolism and final transport of nitrate to leaves and photosynthesizing cells. On the other hand, under low VPD conditions, a positive effect was only observed on gene expression related to the final step of nitrate supply to photosynthesizing cells, whereas the amount of 15N supplied to the roots that reached the leaves decreased. Such an effect would suggest an impaired N remobilization from other organs to young leaves under water stress conditions and low VPD.

scholarly journals Application of the Priestley–Taylor Approach in a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Agam ◽  
William P. Kustas ◽  
Martha C. Anderson ◽  
John M. Norman ◽  
Paul D. Colaizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The Priestley–Taylor (PT) approximation for computing evapotranspiration was initially developed for conditions of a horizontally uniform saturated surface sufficiently extended to obviate any significant advection of energy. Nevertheless, the PT approach has been effectively implemented within the framework of a thermal-based two-source model (TSM) of the surface energy balance, yielding reasonable latent heat flux estimates over a range in vegetative cover and climate conditions. In the TSM, however, the PT approach is applied only to the canopy component of the latent heat flux, which may behave more conservatively than the bulk (soil + canopy) system. The objective of this research is to investigate the response of the canopy and bulk PT parameters to varying leaf area index (LAI) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in both natural and agricultural vegetated systems, to better understand the utility and limitations of this approximation within the context of the TSM. Micrometeorological flux measurements collected at multiple sites under a wide range of atmospheric conditions were used to implement an optimization scheme, assessing the value of the PT parameter for best performance of the TSM. Overall, the findings suggest that within the context of the TSM, the optimal canopy PT coefficient for agricultural crops appears to have a fairly conservative value of ∼1.2 except when under very high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) conditions, when its value increases. For natural vegetation (primarily grasslands), the optimal canopy PT coefficient assumed lower values on average (∼0.9) and dropped even further at high values of VPD. This analysis provides some insight as to why the PT approach, initially developed for regional estimates of potential evapotranspiration, can be used successfully in the TSM scheme to yield reliable heat flux estimates over a variety of land cover types.

Soil water affects transpiration response to rainfall and vapor pressure deficit in poplar plantation

New Forests ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Chen ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Tonggang Zha ◽  
Kangle Mo ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Poplar Plantation

scholarly journals Role of guard-cell ABA in determining maximal stomatal aperture and prompt vapor-pressure-deficit response

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Yaaran ◽  
Boaz Negin ◽  
Menachem Moshelion
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Guard Cell ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Stomatal Response ◽  
Sensing Model ◽  
Aba Insensitive

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) is known to be involved in stomatal closure. However, its role in stomatal response to rapid increases in the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is unclear. To study this issue, we generated guard cell (GC)-specific ABA-insensitive Arabidopsis plants (GC-specific abi1-1; GCabi). Under normal conditions, the stomatal conductance (gs) and apertures of GCabi plants were greater than those of control plants. This supports GC ABA role as limiting maximal stomatal aperture under non-stressful conditions. When there was a rapid increase in VPD (0.15 to 1 kPa), the gs and stomatal apertures of GCabi decreased in a manner similar that observed in the WT control, but different from that observed in WT plants treated with fusicoccin. Low VPD increased the size of the stomatal apertures of the WT, but not of GCabi. We conclude that GC ABA does not play a significant role in the initial, rapid stomatal closure that occurs in response to an increase in VPD, but is important for stomatal adaptation to ambient VPD. We propose a biphasic angiosperm VPD-sensing model that includes an initial passive-hydraulic, ABA-independent phase and a subsequent ABA-dependent steady-state phase in which stomatal behavior is optimized for ambient VPD conditions.HighlightGuard-cell ABA does not play a significant role in the immediate closure of stomata following an increase in the VPD, but is important for stomatal adaptation to ambient VPD.

scholarly journals Aquaporin mediating stomatal closure is associated with water conservation under mild water deficit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Ding ◽  
François Chaumont
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
List Type ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Stomatal Complexes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Aba Insensitive

SummaryContradictory results indicate that aquaporins might facilitate the diffusion of both water and H2O2 during abscisic acid (ABA) triggered stomatal closure. Here, we tested whether maize plasma membrane PIP2;5 aquaporin regulates stomatal closure under water deficit or ABA treatment in intact plants, detached leaves, and peeled epidermis.Transpiration, stomatal conductance and aperture, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in stomatal complexes were studied in maize lines deregulated in PIP2;5 gene expression, under water deficit and/or ABA treatments.In well-watered conditions, the PIP2;5 overexpressing (OE) plants transpired more than the wild-type plants (WT), while no significant difference in transpiration was observed between pip2;5 KO and WT plants. Upon mild-water deficit or low ABA concentration treatment, the transpiration and stomatal conductance decreased more in PIP2;5 OE, and less in pip2;5 KO lines, in comparison with WT plants. Using isolated epidermis, ABA treatment induced faster stomatal closing in PIP2;5 OE lines compared to the WT, while pip2;5 KO stomata were ABA insensitive. These phenotypes were associated with guard cell ROS accumulation.Together, these data indicate that maize PIP2;5 regulates early stomatal closure for water conservation upon a water deficit environment.

Physiological trade-offs of stomatal closure under high evaporative gradients in field grown soybean

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Medina ◽  
Matthew E. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Trade Offs

Limited rainfall is the main constraint to agriculture, making agricultural research to understand plant behaviour that leads to avoidance of soil water deficit a matter of priority. One focus has screened for crop varieties that decrease stomatal conductance under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD), a proxy for the leaf evaporative gradient. However, the link between stomatal closure and physiological consequences in field environments is not yet clear. A field experiment on soybeans demonstrated that considerable variation in leaf temperature relative to air temperature occurred, leading to evaporative gradients differing substantially from VPD. Thus, transpiration is decreased by stomatal closure at high VPD, but to compensate, transpiration is somewhat increased due to higher leaf temperatures. Soil water deficit led to lower stomatal conductance, particularly under low evaporative conditions, not just under hot conditions. Non-stomatal photosynthetic limitations were observed due to combined occurrence of stomatal closure and high temperature under high VPD. Although leaves reached temperatures higher than the threshold for a decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency, and displayed non-stomatal photosynthetic limitations, no photoinhibition or damage was observed by night-time. The results demonstrate that more understanding of physiological strategies for achieving altered water use is needed to avoid trade-offs and heat stress.

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