INFLUENCE OF MELTING GLACIERS ON HYDROCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COASTAL EOCOSYSTEM OF WESTERN SPITZBERGEN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Polukhin ◽  
Alexander Polukhin ◽  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Petr Makkaveev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Coastal Discharge

The goal of this work was to evaluate a potential influence of the melting glacier on the hydrochemistry of the surrounding coastal waters. The studies were based on 2 expeditions to the Tempelfjord (Western Spitzbergen) performed in winter 2014 and in summer 2015 when there were measured hydrophysical, chemical and biological parameters in the sea water, coastal discharge and the sea ice. Obtained results of the research show that the glacier runoff has a clear impact on the hydrochemical structure of the fjord waters not only in warm season, but in cold seasons as well.

INFLUENCE OF MELTING GLACIERS ON HYDROCHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COASTAL EOCOSYSTEM OF WESTERN SPITZBERGEN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Polukhin ◽  
Alexander Polukhin ◽  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Evgeniy Yakushev ◽  
Petr Makkaveev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Glacier Runoff ◽  
Research Show ◽  
Coastal Discharge

The goal of this work was to evaluate a potential influence of the melting glacier on the hydrochemistry of the surrounding coastal waters. The studies were based on 2 expeditions to the Tempelfjord (Western Spitzbergen) performed in winter 2014 and in summer 2015 when there were measured hydrophysical, chemical and biological parameters in the sea water, coastal discharge and the sea ice. Obtained results of the research show that the glacier runoff has a clear impact on the hydrochemical structure of the fjord waters not only in warm season, but in cold seasons as well.

Seasonal variations in the properties and structural composition of sea ice and snow cover in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas, Antarctica

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (143) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. Jeffries ◽  
K. Morris ◽  
W.F. Weeks ◽  
A. P. Worby
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Ice Cover ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Core Sets

AbstractSixty-three ice cores were collected in the Bellingshausen and Amundsen Seas in August and September 1993 during a cruise of the R.V. Nathaniel B. Palmer. The structure and stable-isotopic composition (18O/16O) of the cores were investigated in order to understand the growth conditions and to identify the key growth processes, particularly the contribution of snow to sea-ice formation. The structure and isotopic composition of a set of 12 cores that was collected for the same purpose in the Bellingshausen Sea in March 1992 are reassessed. Frazil ice and congelation ice contribute 44% and 26%, respectively, to the composition of both the winter and summer ice-core sets, evidence that the relatively calm conditions that favour congelation-ice formation are neither as common nor as prolonged as the more turbulent conditions that favour frazil-ice growth and pancake-ice formation. Both frazil- and congelation-ice layers have an av erage thickness of 0.12 m in winter, evidence that congelation ice and pancake ice thicken primarily by dynamic processes. The thermodynamic development of the ice cover relies heavily on the formation of snow ice at the surface of floes after sea water has flooded the snow cover. Snow-ice layers have a mean thickness of 0.20 and 0.28 m in the winter and summer cores, respectively, and the contribution of snow ice to the winter (24%) and summer (16%) core sets exceeds most quantities that have been reported previously in other Antarctic pack-ice zones. The thickness and quantity of snow ice may be due to a combination of high snow-accumulation rates and snow loads, environmental conditions that favour a warm ice cover in which brine convection between the bottom and top of the ice introduces sea water to the snow/ice interface, and bottom melting losses being compensated by snow-ice formation. Layers of superimposed ice at the top of each of the summer cores make up 4.6% of the ice that was examined and they increase by a factor of 3 the quantity of snow entrained in the ice. The accumulation of superimposed ice is evidence that melting in the snow cover on Antarctic sea-ice floes ran reach an advanced stage and contribute a significant amount of snow to the total ice mass.

ARCHAEAL ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY WITHIN DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF SUMMER SEA-ICE AND SEA WATER IN PRYDZ BAY, ANTARCTICA

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Jifei Ma ◽  
Zongjun Du ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Yong Yu ◽  
Yinxin Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Prydz Bay ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

scholarly journals Tank study of physico-chemical controls on gas content and composition during growth of young sea ice

2002 ◽  
Vol 48 (161) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Tison ◽  
Christian Haas ◽  
Marcia M. Gowing ◽  
Suzanne Sleewaegen ◽  
Alain Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Bubble Nucleation ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
First Year ◽  
Water Interface ◽  
Atmospheric Gases ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Ice Water

AbstractDuring an ice-tank experiment, samples were taken to study the processes of acquisition and alteration of the gas properties in young first-year sea ice during a complete growth–warming–cooling cycle. The goal was to obtain reference levels for total gas content and concentrations of atmospheric gases (O2, N2, CO2) in the absence of significant biological activity. The range of total gas-content values obtained (3.5–18 mL STP kg−1) was similar to previous measurements or estimates. However, major differences occurred between current and quiet basins, showing the role of the water dynamics at the ice–water interface in controlling bubble nucleation processes. Extremely high CO2concentrations were observed in all the experiments (up to 57% in volume parts). It is argued that these could have resulted from two unexpected biases in the experimental settings. Concentrations in bubbles nucleated at the interface are controlled by diffusion both from the ice–water interface towards the well-mixed reservoir and between the interface water and the bubble itself. This double kinetic effect results in a transition of the gas composition in the bubbles from values close to solubility in sea water toward values close to atmospheric, as the ice cover builds up.

scholarly journals Phase Relationships in Sea Ice as a Function of Temperature

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (77) ◽  
pp. 507-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Eutectic Concentration ◽  
Phase Relationships

Quantitative measurements of the liquid water phase in a sample of sea ice were made with a nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. The measurements are used to compute the phase relationships in sea ice as a function of temperature. A model for sea-water based upon a mixture of seven binary salts is used for these computations. The n.m.r. measurements are related to the solvation water which is associated with each binary salt. This solvation water is bound to the salt in a pseudo-crystalline structure, with the amount of water determined by the eutectic concentration of the salt. The results are given in tabular form and differ somewhat from previously published tables. Two controversial hydrated salts were added to the table, based on the n.m.r. data.

scholarly journals Evidence for significant protein-like dissolved organic matter accumulation in Sea of Okhotsk sea ice

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (69) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mats A. Granskog ◽  
Daiki Nomura ◽  
Susann Müller ◽  
Andreas Krell ◽  
Takenobu Toyota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sea Of Okhotsk ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Ultraviolet Range ◽  
Considerable Excess

AbstractAbsorption and fluorescence of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in sea ice and surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk was examined. Sea-water CDOM had featureless absorption increasing exponentially with shorter wavelengths. Sea ice showed distinct absorption peaks in the ultraviolet, especially in younger ice. Older first-year sea ice had relatively flat absorption spectra in the ultraviolet range. Parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) identified five fluorescent CDOM components, two humic-like and three protein-like. Sea water was largely governed by humic-like fluorescence. In sea ice, protein-like fluorescence was found in considerable excess relative to sea water. The accumulation of protein-like CDOM fluorescence in sea ice is likely a result of biological activity within the ice. Nevertheless, sea ice does not contribute excess CDOM during melt, but the material released will be of different composition than that present in the underlying waters. Thus, at least transiently, the CDOM introduced during sea-ice melt might provide a more labile source of fresher protein-like DOM to surface waters in the southern Sea of Okhotsk.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Mediterranean Sea Water in Vicinity of Tangier Region, North of Morocco

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imane Bourouhou ◽  
Farida Salmoun ◽  
Yusuf Gedik
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Seawater Quality ◽  
The Mediterranean

Coastal areas play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of ecosystems and developing the social and economic wellbeing of the countries bordering it. However, the pressure on both terrestrial and marine resources, the use of oceans as a wastes deposit, the growth of population and the increasing of urbanization and human activities in coastal areas are all causes for marine and coastal degradation. The present situation constitutes a significant danger in many places. As an example, the pollution of the coastal waters in the Mediterranean has increased in recent years. Industrialization, tourism and ports activities along the coastline of the Mediterranean are the main sources of many pollutants that have effects on human’s health and environment. So that, it is very important to examine seawater quality in order to protect the marine and coastal areas from degradation. Hence, comes the need to consider a physicochemical and bacteriological study to evaluate the quality of Tangier coastal seawater using the Water Quality Index (WQI). A campaign of 25 sampling points was conducted and the results of the WQI calculation have highlighted the Tangier water was between medium and bad.

scholarly journals The Formation and Composition of the Gas Content of Sea Ice

1979 ◽  
Vol 22 (86) ◽  
pp. 67-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Tsurikov
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
Sea Bottom ◽  
Initial Freezing ◽  
Air Pockets

Abstract The different factors contributing to the formation of the gas porosity of sea ice are: (Ia) gases captured during the formation of the initial ice cover, (Ib) gases released from solution during the initial freezing of sea-water, (Ic) the inclusion of gases rising from the sea bottom, (2a) the substitution of gas for brine drained from the ice during times of melting, (2b) the release of gas from the brine within the ice during the course of partial freezing, and (2c) the formation of voids filled with water vapour during the course of internal melting. An analysis is made of each of these processes and it is concluded that processes Ib, 2a, and 2C are important. Process Ic may also be a major effect but it is difficult to evaluate until the rate of gas release from the sea floor is better known. The migration of air pockets into the ice from the overlying snow is shown to be a possible but not a significant effect. Available data on the composition of gas in sea ice are reviewed and it is shown to be significantly different from air. Possible causes for these differences are discussed. The porosity of sea ice, i.e. the total relative volume of its gas plus its brine inclusions, is one of the factors strongly affecting its strength, as has been shown by Tsurikov (1947) and by Weeks and Assur (1968). In seas with high salinities the effect of the presence of brine within the ice will usually be the dominant factor. However on water bodies with low salinities the effect of the gas included within the ice may be greater than the effect of the brine. Despite its significance there have not been any attempts at a quantitative analysis of the entrapment of gas in sea ice. This paper is an attempt at such a study.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy, stable isotopes and salinity in multi-year sea ice from the rift area, south George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (127) ◽  
pp. 357-367
Author(s):  
J.-L. Tison ◽  
E. M. Morris ◽  
R. Souchez ◽  
J. Jouzel
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
The Core ◽  
Brackish Ice ◽  
Ice Production

AbstractResults from a detailed profile in a 5.54 m multi-year sea-ice core from the rift area in the southern part of George VI Ice Shelf are presented. Stratigraphy, stable isotopes and Na content are used to investigate the growth processes of the ice cover and to relate them to melting processes at the bottom of the ice shelf.The thickest multi-year sea ice in the sampling area appears to be second-year sea ice that has survived one melt season. Combined salinity/stable-isotope analyses show large-scale sympathetic fluctuations that can be related to the origin of the parent water. Winter accretion represents half of the core length and mainly consists of frazil ice of normal sea-water origin. However, five major dilution events of sea water, with fresh-water input from the melting base of the ice shelf reaching 20% on two occasions, punctuate this winter accretion. Two of them correspond to platelet-ice production, which is often related to the freezing of ascending supercooled water from the bottom of the ice shelf.Brackish ice occurs between 450 and 530 cm in the core. It is demonstrated that this results from the freezing of brackish water (Jeffries and others, 1989) formed by mixing of normal sea water with melted basal shelf ice, with dilution percentages of maximum 80% fresh water.

scholarly journals Studies on Groundwater Problems in an Area Subjected to Sea Water Ingression and Seepage Into Groundwater in Karaikal District Using GIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.10) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
T Subramani ◽  
P Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Pumping Rates

Fresh groundwater quality and accessibility in coastal zones is influenced via seawater interruption into coastal aquifers, and coastal water quality and biological community status might be altogether influenced by groundwater pollutants that are transported into coastal waters by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). SGD and its pertinent evaluation as one associating part  among the different principle local pathways of freshwater and tracer/poison contributions from land to sea and the coordinated framework working of both and as primary segments of the same coastal groundwater framework. An elective technique might be to control seawater interruption through fake groundwater revive, for example by adequately treated wastewater, which may impressively decrease long haul patterns of saltiness increment in pumped groundwater, notwithstanding for little simulated energize rates contrasted with pumping rates. Both the outside sources and the interior wellsprings of water seepage might be distinguished via doing infrared thermo-realistic assessments subsequent to directing water snugness tests, flooding tests or pressure driven tests as suitable. A contextual investigation was led to discover the examinations on groundwater issues in a region subjected to sea water ingression and seepage into groundwater in Karaikal   

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