Oral Health and Risk Factors for Oral Disease

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Disease

scholarly journals Mobile Apps for Oral Health Promotion: Content Review and Heuristic Usability Analysis (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brooks Tiffany ◽  
Paula Blasi ◽  
Sheryl L Catz ◽  
Jennifer B McClure
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Mhealth Apps

BACKGROUND There has been an increase in consumer-facing mobile health (mHealth) apps in recent years. Prior reviews have characterized the availability, usability, or quality of popular mHealth apps targeting a range of health behaviors, but none has examined apps that promote better oral health care. Oral disease affects billions of people worldwide and mobile phone use is on the rise, so the market for well-designed and effective oral health apps is substantial. OBJECTIVE We examined the content and usability of popular oral health promotion apps to better understand the current state of these self-help interventions and inform the need and opportunity for future app development. METHODS Between February and March 2018, we identified oral health-focused apps that were designed for Android or iOS, available in English, and targeted adult consumers (as opposed to children or dental health professionals). The sample was limited to the most popular and highly rated apps on each platform. For each app reviewed, we assessed its basic descriptive characteristics (eg, platform, cost), evidence of a theoretical basis or empirical validation, key program functionality, and the extent to which the app addressed diet and tobacco and alcohol use as risk factors for oral disease. We characterized the framing (ie, gain vs loss) of all persuasive messaging and conducted a heuristic analysis to assess each app’s usability as a persuasive health technology. RESULTS Thirty-three apps were eligible for review based on the selection criteria. Two-thirds (22/33, 67%) were geared toward the general public as opposed to dental clinic patients, insurance plan members, or owners of specific electric toothbrushes. Most (31/33, 94%) were free to download, and a majority (19/33, 58%) were sponsored by software developers as opposed to oral health experts. None offered any theoretical basis for the content or had been empirically validated. Common program features included tools for tracking or reminding one to brush their teeth and assistance scheduling dental appointments. Nineteen apps (58%) included educational or persuasive content intended to influence oral health behavior. Only 32% (6/19) of these included a larger proportion of gain-framed than loss-framed messaging. Most of the apps did not mention diet, alcohol or tobacco—important risk factors for oral disease. Overall, the apps performed poorly on standard usability heuristics recommended for persuasive health technologies. CONCLUSIONS The quality of the reviewed apps was generally poor. Important opportunities exist to develop oral health promotion apps that have theoretically grounded content, are empirically validated, and adhere to good design principles for persuasive health technologies.

scholarly journals Addressing the Bottle Necks of Global Oral Health to Tackle the Growing Epidemic of Noncommunicable Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Venkata Abinaya Nandakumar ◽  
Vijay Kumar Chattu ◽  
Soosanna Kumary ◽  
Rahul Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Background: Oral health touches every aspect of our lives and still it is been taken for granted. The access and affordability to oral health care services are very limited and expensive especially in developing countries. Objectives: The article highlights the importance of global oral health and how it can tackle the growing noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) epidemic. Dental caries remains a significant problem even among the developed nations affecting 60% to 70 % of the children. Oral cancers, Qat chewing, craniofacial anomalies, and dental trauma contribute significantly to the global burden of diseases. Despite the magnitude of oral illness, there is neglect in global oral health, resulting in lack of combined action and support within the arena. Conclusions: Oral conditions share many common risk factors with NCDs and are also affected by similar social determinants. The Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting on the prevention and control of NCDs recognizes that oral diseases pose a significant burden for many countries and these diseases also share common risk factors of NCDs and can benefit from the multisectoral and multipronged approaches to NCDs. To address the existing inequities and inequalities in oral health care services globally, it is vital to ensure coverage for the poor and disadvantaged populations. Recommendations: There is a great need to develop some measurable oral health goals for global comparison in order to track, reduce oral disease burden, and to promote good oral health thereby advancing global public health.

scholarly journals Oral Health Status Assessment of an African Population: Rationale, Methods and Population Characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ama. Hewlett ◽  
Paa-Kwesi Blankson ◽  
Justice M.K. Aheto ◽  
Francis Anto ◽  
Tony Danso Appiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: Oral health surveys aid in estimating the oral health of a population and provide a projection for future oral health care needs. We report the procedures and rationale of a survey carried out to assess the oral health status and risk factors for oral disease among adults in the Greater Accra Region (GAR) of Ghana. It’s objective was to provide prevalence estimates on dental diseases, oral health behaviour and risk factors, and to establish baseline epidemiological data on the population’s oral health for further research.Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study of adults aged 25 years and above. A random, stratified two-stage sampling method was used to select participants from rural and urban communities in three types of districts (Metropolitan, Municipal, Ordinary). A semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, oral health behaviours and risk factors for oral disease. Anthropometric data and a full-mouth clinical examination was carried out including: soft tissue assessment, tooth count, prosthodontic status, dental caries assessment and periodontal assessment.Results: A total of 729 participants were included in the study with a mean age of 43.9 (±14.6). Majority 425 (61%) were females. Though the metropolitan districts had more dental clinics and personnel, along with better health insurance coverage, they had a higher prevalence of missing teeth, retained roots, severe periodontitis and poorer oral health coverage. The findings also show some significant differences in disease prevalence, within the different localities and districts.Conclusions: Availability and access to oral health services is not the most important determinant of good oral health outcomes in this region. We recommend exploring socio-behavioral and cultural factors as well. This study provides district level data to inform policy and guide further research.

scholarly journals Challenges, Barriers, Strategies Implementing an Oral Hygiene Program in Assisted Living Facilities Post COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 935-935
Author(s):  
Kim Attanasi ◽  
Victoria Raveis
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
New York University ◽  
Term Care

Abstract [Objective] Almost 8% of the U.S. population, 65 and older, reside in long term care facilities with limited delivery of essential dental care to prevent and manage oral health disease. By 2050, this population is expected to increase by 1.6 billion. Multiple bi-directional connections exist between oral disease and overall health. [Methods] Faculty from the Dental Hygiene Department, New York University College of Dentistry conducted an extensive outreach effort and randomly selected assisted living facilities. Facilities were offered the opportunity to receive at no-cost, a dental hygiene-led, educational, preventive oral health program delivered virtually to their residents as a community service. Incentives discussed. [Results] Twenty-one facilities were contacted, 17 (94.4%) had no oral healthcare program; one had an oral health component. In 13 (72%), the concierge functioned as gatekeeper, unwilling to transfer calls or deliver messages. In five (28%), calls were directed to the activity coordinator. Feasibility concerns and uncertainty about oral health service necessity and resident safety were voiced. Two facilities mentioned familiarity with dental hygiene professionals. Strategic changes in outreach resulted in successfully engaging with facility administrators. Strategies included identifying directors with familiarity or experience with dental hygiene profession, establishing a portfolio and utilizing technology that facilitate incorporating COVID-19 protocols. [Conclusions] Efforts to initiate a dental hygiene-led virtual oral health program encountered gatekeeper challenges. Although facility activity coordinators acknowledged benefits for their population, they were not final decision-makers. It was necessary to implement strategies that facilitated discussing the virtual oral hygiene program directly with the facility’s executive leadership.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Oral Health in Anorexia Nervosa: Comparison of a Self-Report Questionnaire and a Face-to-Face Interview

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4212
Author(s):  
Hélène Rangé ◽  
Alice Pallier ◽  
Aminata Ali ◽  
Caroline Huas ◽  
Pierre Colon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Local Risk

Behavioral, nutritional, and local risk factors for oral health are frequent in people with anorexia nervosa. However no self-report questionnaire is available for screening in clinical practice or for research purposes. The objective of this study was to design a questionnaire to identify risk factors and symptoms of oral diseases and to test its reliability as a self-report form among people with anorexia nervosa. A 26-item questionnaire was designed based on a sound literature review performed by a group of dentists, psychiatrists, and epidemiologists specialized in the field of eating disorders. Sixty-nine anorexia nervosa inpatients (mean age 18.72 ± 5.1) were included from four specialized units. The questionnaire was first self-reported by the patients, then the same questionnaire was administrated by a dentist during a structured face-to-face interview as the gold standard. The concordance between the two forms was evaluated globally and item per item using Cohen’s kappa statistical tests. The overall concordance between the self-report questionnaire and the face-to-face structured interview was 55%. Of the 26 items, 19 showed significant concordance. Items relating to water intake, extracted teeth, gingival status, and oral hygiene had the best concordance (all kappa coefficients > 0.4). A questionnaire that identifies risk factors and symptoms of oral diseases in anorexia nervosa was developed and tested. The 26-item form of the questionnaire (long version) is moderately reliable as a self-reported form. A short version of the questionnaire, including the 10 most reliable items, is recommended for oral risk assessment in patients with anorexia nervosa. The clinical value of the self-administered questionnaire remains to be evaluated.

scholarly journals Relationship between dental and periodontal health status and the salivary microbiome: bacterial diversity, co-occurrence networks and predictive models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Relvas ◽  
A. Regueira-Iglesias ◽  
C. Balsa-Castro ◽  
F. Salazar ◽  
J. J. Pacheco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to assess the impact on salivary microbiome of different grades of dental and periodontal disease and the combination of both (hereinafter referred to as oral disease), in terms of bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network patterns and predictive models. Our scale of overall oral health was used to produce a convenience sample of 81 patients from 270 who were initially recruited. Saliva samples were collected from each participant. Sequencing was performed in Illumina MiSeq with 2 × 300 bp reads, while the raw reads were processed according to the Mothur pipeline. The statistical analysis of the 16S rDNA sequencing data at the species level was conducted using the phyloseq, DESeq2, Microbiome, SpiecEasi, igraph, MixOmics packages. The simultaneous presence of dental and periodontal pathology has a potentiating effect on the richness and diversity of the salivary microbiota. The structure of the bacterial community in oral health differs from that present in dental, periodontal or oral disease, especially in high grades. Supragingival dental parameters influence the microbiota’s abundance more than subgingival periodontal parameters, with the former making a greater contribution to the impact that oral health has on the salivary microbiome. The possible keystone OTUs are different in the oral health and disease, and even these vary between dental and periodontal disease: half of them belongs to the core microbiome and are independent of the abundance parameters. The salivary microbiome, involving a considerable number of OTUs, shows an excellent discriminatory potential for distinguishing different grades of dental, periodontal or oral disease; considering the number of predictive OTUs, the best model is that which predicts the combined dental and periodontal status.

scholarly journals Sugary Liquids in the Baby Bottle: Risk for Child Undernutrition and Severe Tooth Decay in Rural El Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Priyanka Achalu ◽  
Abhishek Bhatia ◽  
Bathsheba Turton ◽  
Lucy Luna ◽  
Karen Sokal-Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Child Undernutrition ◽  
Baby Bottle ◽  
Childhood Caries

As communities worldwide shift from consuming traditional diets to more processed snacks and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), increases in child obesity and tooth decay and persistence of undernutrition are particularly apparent in Latin American countries. Further evidence of shared risk factors between child undernutrition and poor oral health outcomes is needed to structure more effective health interventions for children’s nutrition. This study aims to identify dietary, oral health, and sociodemographic risk factors for child undernutrition and severe early childhood caries (sECC) among a convenience sample of 797 caregiver–child pairs from rural Salvadoran communities. Caregiver interviews on child dietary and oral health practices were conducted, and their children’s height, weight, and dental exam data were collected. Multivariable regression analyses were performed using RStudio (version 1.0.143). Caregiver use of SSBs in the baby bottle was identified as a common significant risk factor for child undernutrition (p = 0.011) and sECC (p = 0.047). Early childhood caries (p = 0.023) was also a risk factor for developing undernutrition. Future maternal–child health and nutrition programs should coordinate with oral health interventions to discourage feeding children SSBs in the baby bottle and to advocate for policies limiting SSB marketing to young children and their families.

"Six-month recall dental appointments, for all children, are (un)justifiable"

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Anthonappa ◽  
Nigel King
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Dental Practitioner ◽  
Dental Professionals ◽  
Dental Appointments

Each child is an individual with specific needs, which necessitates a different plan of management based on the type of oral disease or disability present. This raises a question as to whether the customary fixed sixmonth recall visits for children commonly advocated by dental professionals need to be altered/adjusted so as to reflect the individual's oral health needs more closely, in order to optimize their clinical and costeffectiveness. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the evidence to either justify or refute the sixmonth recall dental appointments for all children. Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the judgment about appropriate intervals should be made by the dental practitioner on an individual risk basis as insufficient evidence exists to either justify, or refute the six-month recall dental appointments.

Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1158-1163
Author(s):  
S. A. Hamza ◽  
S. Asif ◽  
S. A. H. Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Saliva Sample ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

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