Genistein Stimulates Insulin Sensitivity Through Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota

scholarly journals Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanhui Xu ◽  
Chuanshang Cheng ◽  
Xiu Zhang ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

scholarly journals Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL administration during pregnancy and lactation improves lipid profile, insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota diversity in dyslipidemic dams and protects male offspring against cardiovascular dysfunction in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8939-8950
Author(s):  
Keyth Sulamitta de Lima Guimarães ◽  
Valdir de Andrade Braga ◽  
Sylvana I. S. Rendeiro de Noronha ◽  
Whyara Karoline Almeida da Costa ◽  
Kassem Makki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Cardiovascular Dysfunction ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WJL administration during pregnancy and lactation improves gut microbiota diversity.

Dietary Alaska pollock protein alters insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota composition in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 3628-3637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Hosomi ◽  
Ayano Nishimoto ◽  
Toshihiro Kobayashi ◽  
Yuki Ikeda ◽  
Megumi Mitsui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

scholarly journals Effect of Probiotic (VSL#3) and Omega-3 on Lipid Profile, Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Markers, and Gut Colonization in Overweight Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemalatha Rajkumar ◽  
Naseha Mahmood ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Sudarshan Reddy Varikuti ◽  
Hanumanth Reddy Challa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Overweight Adults

To evaluate the effects of probiotic (VSL#3) and omega-3 fatty acid on insulin sensitivity, blood lipids, and inflammation, we conducted a clinical trial in 60 overweight (BMI>25), healthy adults, aged 40–60 years. After initial screening the subjects were randomized into four groups with 15 per group. The four groups received, respectively, placebo, omega-3 fatty acid, probiotic VSL#3, or both omega-3 and probiotic, for 6 weeks. Blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline and after 6 weeks. The probiotic (VSL#3) supplemented group had significant reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and VLDL and had increased HDL (P<0.05) value. VSL#3 improved insulin sensitivity (P<0.01), decreased hsCRP, and favorably affected the composition of gut microbiota. Omega-3 had significant effect on insulin sensitivity and hsCRP but had no effect on gut microbiota. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid with VSL#3 had more pronounced effect on HDL, insulin sensitivity and hsCRP. Subjects with low HDL, insulin resistance, and high hsCRP had significantly lower total lactobacilli and bifidobacteria count and higherE. coliand bacteroides count.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Konjac Flour in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Alleviates Oxidative Stress, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (19) ◽  
pp. 5899-5909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengquan Tan ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Jiangtao Ao ◽  
Guang Long ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Konjac Flour ◽  
Host Metabolism

ABSTRACTAlthough dietary fibers contribute to health and physiology primarily via the fermentative actions of the gut microbiota of the hosts, few studies have focused on how these interactions influence the metabolic status of sows. Here, the effects of inclusion of konjac flour (KF) in a gestation diet on oxidative stress status, insulin sensitivity, and gut microbiota were investigated to elucidate the correlation between the microbiota and metabolic changes in sows. Sows were assigned to either control or 2.2% KF dietary treatment during gestation. The gut microbiota population in sows during gestation and lactation was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The oxidative stress parameters, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) values, and fatty acids in the blood of sows were also assessed. Compared to the control diet group, KF significantly reduced the serum levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) but increased the serum concentrations of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in sows on day 1 in lactation. Additionally, sows in the KF group had a lower HOMA insulin resistance value but a higher HOMA insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IS) value. KF induced changes in the gut microbial composition at the phylum and genus levels. The increased relative abundances ofAkkermansiaandRoseburiain the KF group were positively correlated with the HOMA-IS. Overall, dietary KF alleviated oxidative stress and improved insulin sensitivity of sows, and the changes in the gut microbiota in response to KF may have been correlated with the host metabolism response.IMPORTANCETo date, the effect of dietary fiber on metabolism responses and gut microbiota in sows has not been investigated. Here, KF supplementation of a gestation diet in sows was found to alleviate oxidative stress and to improve insulin sensitivity. Pyrosequencing analysis revealed that KF treatment induces changes in the gut microbiota composition at the phylum and genus levels. Moreover, the changes of gut microbiota in response to KF may be correlated with the host metabolism response.

scholarly journals 3-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic Acid Produced from 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic Acid by Gut Microbiota Improves Host Metabolic Condition in Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Ohue-Kitano ◽  
Satsuki Taira ◽  
Keita Watanabe ◽  
Yuki Masujima ◽  
Toru Kuboshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Methoxycinnamic Acid ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivative

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid (HMCA), a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, is abundant in fruits and vegetables, including oranges, carrots, rice bran, and coffee beans. Several beneficial effects of HMCA have been reported, including improvement of metabolic abnormalities in animal models and human studies. However, its mitigating effects on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and the mechanism underlying these effects, remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that dietary HMCA was efficacious against HFD-induced weight gain and hepatic steatosis, and that it improved insulin sensitivity. These metabolic benefits of HMCA were ascribable to 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HMPA) produced by gut microbiota. Moreover, conversion of HMCA into HMPA was attributable to a wide variety of microbes belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes. We further showed that HMPA modulated gut microbes associated with host metabolic homeostasis by increasing the abundance of organisms belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes and reducing the abundance of the phylum Firmicutes. Collectively, these results suggest that HMPA derived from HMCA is metabolically beneficial, and regulates hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and the gut microbial community. Our results provide insights for the development of functional foods and preventive medicines, based on the microbiota of the intestinal environment, for the prevention of metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Manipulation in Mice Fed High or Low Glycemic Diets Affects Metabolic and Eye Health (P20-042-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey Smith ◽  
Sarah Francisco ◽  
Ying Zhu ◽  
Kathryn Barger ◽  
Donald E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objectives We sought to identify the role of gut microbiota in the previously discovered relationship between a high glycemic diet and the development of retinal damage and metabolic health outcomes in aged mice. Methods Male C57Bl6/J mice aged 12 months were fed equal amounts of a high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) diet for 12 months. The compositions of the diets were identical apart from the starch, which was 100% amylopectin in the HG diet and 30% amylopectin/70% amylose in the LG diet. Within each diet, mice were assigned to one of three treatment conditions: antibiotic ablation of gut microbiota (HGabx or LGabx), weekly fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) from donor control mice fed the alternate diet (HG[tLG] or LG[tHG]), or a control group. Mice were weighed weekly and feces and urine were collected at regular intervals for microbiome and metabolome analysis respectively. Mice underwent MRIs to determine body composition, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests to determine glycemic responses, and eye fundus imaging and fluorescein angiography to evaluate the health of the retina and retinal vasculature. Results Compared with LG-fed controls, the HG-fed controls had significantly increased body fat mass, decreased insulin sensitivity, and an increased prevalence of retinal damage including hypopigmentation and vascular tortuosity. There was no significant difference in body weight between the HGabx and LGabx group throughout the study. The LGabx group had a significantly higher body weight and the HGAbx had significantly lower body weight than their respective control groups throughout the study. The LGabx group had the highest prevalence of abnormal retinal findings. Survival was significantly decreased in the HGabx mice compared with mice of all other groups of mice, and most died suddenly and presented with an enlarged and hemorrhagic cecum. There was no significant effect of the FMT on body weight or body composition compared with the control mice. The HG[tLG] group had improved insulin sensitivity relative to the HG controls. Conclusions Gut microbiota mediate the relationship between the glycemic response to the diet and health outcomes such as obesity, insulin sensitivity, eye health, and survival. Funding Sources BrightFocus Foundation, USDA/NIFA AFRI grant 2015-05470, USDA contract 1950-510000-060-03A from ARS, Stanley N. Gershoff Scholarship.

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