scholarly journals Effectiveness Of Joint Bio-Fertilizers And Plant Protection Products Use In Cultivation Technology Of Soft Winter Wheat

Author(s):  
D. Yu. Dubovik ◽  
◽  
A. A. Siroshtan ◽  
S. M. Kalenska ◽  
◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kremneva ◽  
K. E. Gasiyan ◽  
A. V. Ponomarev ◽  
A. Kokhmetova ◽  
S. I. Novoseletsky

To carry out effective plant protection measures, it is necessary to take into account all the factors affecting the quality of the crop. The aim of our research was to study the degree of development of leaf diseases of winter wheat and the rate of infestation of crops, depending on the tillage method. The studies were carried out in 2019-2020 at the experimental plots of “Kuban educational farm” in Krasnodar. For the research, four experimental plots with Steppe variety of soft winter wheat were created, where various soil cultivation systems were applied: 1 - No-Till (zero technology), 2 - moldboard-free technology, 3 - recommended, 4 - moldboard technology. The article presents data on the degree of development of diseases and the degree of infestation of winter wheat plants in the crops of test plots with various tillage systems. It was found that the most preferable is the use of the recommended type of treatment, since with it the least number of diseases develops and the degree of development of pathogens is reduced by 2-3 times in comparison with other options. The influence of the tillage method on the number and composition of phytopathogen spores was revealed.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Д. Ю. Дубовик ◽  
А. А. Сіроштан ◽  
Л. І. Ільченко ◽  
Б. А. Олефіренко

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
A. M. Asaturova ◽  
T. M. Sidorova ◽  
N. S. Tomashevich ◽  
N. A. Zhevnova ◽  
A. I. Khomyak ◽  
...  

In the period from 2012 to 2015 on Kalym winter wheat variety plants there were carried out field tests of the liquid culture of B. subtilis BZR 336g and BZR 517 strains isolated from natural sources that exhibit antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and are also able to have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. Pre-sowing seed treatment and two preventive treatments during the growing season of the plants were carried out with the liquid culture of the strains. Comparison variants - treatment with water (control), with chemical (Raxil, KS; Alto Super, KS) and with biological (Fitosporin-M, L) standards. Biological efficacy against the complex of fusarium root rots was noted in the shooting stage of winter wheat and during ripening, and in some years reached 22.8 % for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 17.2 % for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. In variants with presowing seed treatment and treatment of vegetative winter wheat plants with B. subtilis BZR 336g strain for three years of field trials the yield was from 5.0 to 7.4 t / ha, and when treated with B. subtilis BZR 517 strain - from 4.2 to 7.6 t / ha. The maximum additional yield was obtained in 2013 - a reliable yield increase was 1.6 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 336g strain and 0.8 t / ha for B. subtilis BZR 517 strain. The ability of liquid cultures of the studied strains to protect winter wheat against harmful diseases at the same level and above the biological and chemical standards will help to expand the range of microbial biological products in the segment of the Russian market of environmentally friendly plant protection products.


2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
Yu. Ya. Spiridonov ◽  
A. Т. Kalimullin ◽  
L. D. Protasova ◽  
V. A. Abubikerov ◽  
I. Yu. Spiridonova

The results of many years of research on the effectiveness of the integrated use of crop protection means and fertilizers with the application of various tillage systems for cultivation of winter wheat of Moskovskaya variety 39 are presented. The studies were conducted in the European nonchernozem soil of Moscow Region on sod-podzolic medium loamy medium-cultivated soil. It was shown that weeds are mainly represented by broadleaved species with an amount of 270 to 370 pcs/ m2. Among pests, cereal aphids and capsid bugs dominate. Among diseases, Helminthosporium and Fusarium root rot (up to 30–40%) and aerogenic infections – brown leaf rust (15-28%) and leaf spot (17-25%) were noted. Studies showed high individual effectiveness in eliminating harmful causes by using appropriate means of protection – seed disinfectants, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. Weed infestation decreased by 78-85%, root rot development – by 78-81, leaf diseases – by 91-98, pests – by 78-100%. At the same time, the weak effectiveness of the Alto-super fungicide against Septoria and Karate insecticide against wheat thrips was noted. The effect of protective measures on the stored crop was as follows: seed disinfectants – 18%, insecticides – 21, herbicides – 39, fungicides – 22%. The highest economic effect was obtained with the integrated use of plant protection products – up to 1.07 t / ha of grain. At the same time, the quality of grain, content of protein and gluten, and grain class increased. The economic effi ciency of the integrated protection system ranged from 4.7 to 8.1 roubles for each rouble spent. The best result in terms of economic effi ciency was obtained with moldboard tillage and the use of a full dose of NPK90 mineral fertilizers and a full integrated protection scheme.


2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02026
Author(s):  
Olga Shabaldas ◽  
Konstantin Pimonov ◽  
Olga Vlasova ◽  
Vera Perederieva

To obtain a stable harvest of high quality grain, Agrosakhar LLC, located in the Stavropol Territory, used soybean growing technology, which included: the use of modern energy and resource-saving equipment for soil cultivation, sowing and harvesting, cultivation of adapted varieties bred in Russia and Canada - Selecta 302, Vilana, Furio, Kofu, Kyoto, Kanata; introduction of complex fertilizer - azophoska for main soil cultivation, pre-sowing seed treatment with a fungicidal dressing agent Delit Pro and the inoculant Highcoat Super Soy. The system of protective measures included a combination of agrotechnical measures using chemical plant protection products based on monitoring of harmful objects. To combat monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species of weeds, sowing was treated with Pledge herbicide before germination, followed by a tank mixture of herbicides Bazagran with Harmony in the phase of the first true leaf in soybean plants. The use of the fungicide Akanto Plus together with Karate Zeon and Ampligo Plus ensured effective protection of soybean plants from diseases and pests during the growing season. The technology used for growing soybeans on the farm enables you to consistently get a large and high-quality grain yield. The maximum yield of 2.92 t/ha was obtained by sowing the Kofu variety using the developed cultivation technology. On average, the yield of protein amounted to 0.98, and vegetable fat amounted to 0.59 t/ha. The profitability of soybean grain production on the farm using this cultivation technology is 44.2%.


Author(s):  
M. O. Cherniak

Purpose. To study agronomic measures for the care of winter wheat: the use of foliar fertilization and protection against weeds with sulfonylureas. Methods. Field and laboratory. Results. It was investigated that the application of Bioforge anti-stress fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of photosynthetic potential of crops, as the leaf surface area was not significantly different. In addition to the area of the photosynthetic leaf surface, there is a more accurate indicator, that is net productivity of photosynthesis, which can, in our opinion, more accurately show whether the effects of plant protection products against weeds lead to changes in physiological processes in the plant. the mechanism of action of the anti-stress agent is somewhat different. After all, the organization of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants can be such that for a relatively small area of leaves you can get better rates of dry matter accumulation. The best indicators of photosynthetic potential for the use of plant protection products in autumn were identified with the use of such products as Granstar Pro 75, WG, Logran 75, WG, Harmony 75, WG, for introduction into the phenophase BBCH 10–13, and in spring for use in BBCH 27–29 in combination with Bioforge and separately. However, the introduction of PIC 75, WG, to form the best photosynthetic potential of winter wheat crops should be carried out in the phase of BBCH 7–9 in autumn or spring in BBCH 25–26. We also investigated that the use of Bioforge anti-stress fertilizer did not significantly affect the growth of photosynthetic potential of crops. Conclusions. It was determined that the use of the anti-stress agent Bioforge had a positive effect on the condition of plants and their accumulation of dry matter. Accordingly, the best indicators of net productivity of wheat photosynthesis were obtained with the use in autumn of such products as Granstar Pro 75, WG, Logran 75, WG, Harmony 75, WG, for introduction into the phenophase BBCH 10–13, and spring for use in BBCH 27–29 in combination with Bioforge. However, the introduction of PIC 75, WG, to form the best photosynthetic potential of winter wheat crops should be carried out in the phase of BBCH 7–9 in autumn or spring in BBCH 25–26 in combination with Bioforge.


2020 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
А.А. Аутко ◽  
С.Н. Волосюк

Описаны основные агроприемы технологии возделывания арбуза в условиях Беларуси, представлен комплекс с. – х. машин, позволяющих возделывать арбуз без применения химических средств защиты растений в режиме экологизации земледелия. Полевые исследования выполнены в 2015–2018 годах на базе ОАО «Черняны» Малоритского района Брестской области. Планирование исследований, закладку и проведение опытов осуществляли по общепринятым методикам. Установлено, что при выращивании кассетной рассады арбуза важно место расположения семян при посеве. При посеве семян арбуза со смещением от центра ячейки кассеты происходит одностороннее развитие корневой системы рассады. При высадке такой рассады надземная часть растения отклоняется от центральной оси на 16,7–25,5°, рассада имеет смещенный центр тяжести, что снижает качество ее механизированной посадки. После высадки рассады с односторонне сформированной корневой системой, дальнейшее ее развитие происходит также в одном направлении. При возделывании арбуза с использованием такой рассады отмечено снижение урожайности на 11,8–12,2 т/га, что составило 28,2–29,2%. Это происходит в результате уменьшения количества товарных плодов на 23,0% и снижения их средней массы на 8,0–9,0%. Выявлено, что при подаче поливной воды в посадочную лунку глубиной 6 см в объеме 200 см 3 с одновременной посадкой рассады, объем увлажненной почвы составил 449,8 см 3, что в 5,6 раз больше, чем при внесении воды в борозду. При дозированной подаче воды в лунку в количестве 250 и 300 см 3, объем увлажнения почвы был соответственно 813,4 и 1416,1 см 3, что в 6,1 и 5,6 раз больше, чем при внесении воды в борозды. Этот способ внесения воды при высадке рассады позволяет наиболее рационально использовать поливную воду. Применение некорневых подкормок баковыми смесями препаратов Экосил, Экогум ФК и Экогум Комплекс при возделывании арбуза, способствует увеличению содержания хлорофилла в листьях на 16,5–22,0%, повышению устойчивости растений к неблагоприятным факторам среды, увеличению урожайности на 3,6–4,2 т/га (10,2–11,9%), улучшению качества продукции при полной экологической безопасности. The main agro-techniques of watermelon cultivation technology in Belarus are described, a complex of agricultural machines which allows to cultivate watermelon without using chemical plant protection products in the mode of greening agriculture is presented. Field research was carried out in 2015–2018 on the basis of JSC “Chernyany” Maloritskiy district of the Brest region. Research planning, setting up and conducting experiments were carried out according to generally accepted methods. It was established that when growing cassette seedlings of cassette, the location of seeds during sowing is important. When sowing watermelon seeds with a shift from the center of the cassette cell, one-sided development of the seedling root system occurs. When such seedlings are planted, the aerial part of the plant deviates from the central axis by 16,7–25,5°, the seedlings have a shifted center of gravity, which reduces the quality of its mechanized planting. After transplanting seedlings with a one-sidedly formed root system, its further development also occurs in one direction. When cultivating watermelon using such seedlings, a decrease in productivity by 11,8–12,2 t/ha was noted, which amounted to 28,2–29,2%. This occurs as a result of a decrease in the number of marketable fruits by 23,0%, a decrease in their average weight by 8,0–9,0%. It was revealed that when irrigation water was supplied to a 6 cm deep landing hole in a volume of 200 cm3with simultaneous planting of seedlings, the volume of moistened soil was 449,8 cm3, which is 5.6 times more than when water was added to the furrow. With a dosed supply of water to the well in the amount of 250 and 300 cm3, the volume of soil moistening was 813,4 and 1416,1 cm3, respectively, which is 6,1 and 5,6 times more than when water was added to the furrows. This method of applying water when planting seedlings allows the most efficient use of irrigation water. The use of foliar top dressing with tank mixtures of the preparations Ecosil, Ecogum PK and Ecogum Complex when cultivating watermelon, contributes to an increase in the content of chlorophyll in the leaves by 16,5–22,0%, increase plant resistance to adverse environmental factors, increase productivity by 3,6–4,2 t/ha (10,2–11,9%), improving product quality with complete environmental safety.


2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Irina Shabanova ◽  
Nikolay Neshchadim ◽  
Ksenia Gorpinchenko ◽  
Aleksandr Boyko

The influence of fertilizers and plant protection products for the mycotoxins, pesticides and heavy metals accumulation in the grain of winter wheat variety Antonina grown at the experimental station of the Kuban University was investigated. In the resulted grain there were no traces of the fungicide “Фалькон”, insecticide “Эйфория “ and herbicide “Секатор турбо” used in the cultivation. The content of T-2 toxin is almost at the level of MPC 0.1 mg / kg in all variants of the experiment that indicates the fungal infection invading from the soil. The content of Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr in grain did not exceed MAC for adult nutrition.


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