Estimation of Socioeconomic Burden of Lung Cancer in the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Avxentyeva ◽  
Filipp Gorkavenko ◽  
Anna Nikitina ◽  
Anastasia Savilova ◽  
Ksenia Gerasimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Friction Cost ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Friction Cost Method ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to estimate the socio-economic burden of lung cancer (LC) in the Russian Federation. Methodology: the social burden of LC is defined as the number of patients newly diagnosed with LC in 2016, those who are followed-up in oncology clinics, disabled and deceased persons. The economic burden consists of total direct and indirect costs associated with LC and estimated from a government perspective. Direct medical costs include costs for diagnosis, inpatient and outpatient treatment, palliative care, follow-up costs, and expenditures for the subsidized drug coverage. Direct non-medical costs include payments for sickness and disability caused by LC. Indirect costs were calculated as a loss of a gross domestic product due to LC morbidity and mortality. Calculations were based on the methods described in Ignatieva V. I. et al. (2014) and adapted by the authors of this study to new methods of inpatient medical care payment. Indirect costs were calculated by the friction cost method. The sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate the impact of initial parameters` variations, as well as the impact of indirect costs estimation with the human capital methods, on the results. Results. In 2016, medical care was provided to 185,631 patients with LC, of whom 51,768 (27.9%) were newly diagnosed during the year. Direct medical costs were about 6.83 billion rubles. Most costs were incurred in inpatient care (4.09 billion rubles, 60.0%) and for the subsidized drug coverage (1.49 billion rubles, 21.8%). Direct non-medical expenses were about 5.76 billion rubles, 5.16 billion (89.7%) were disability-related payments. Indirect costs were about 14.77 billion rubles (friction cost method).

scholarly journals Economic burden of main Noncommunicable diseases in the Russian Federation in 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kontsevaya ◽  
Y Balanova ◽  
M Khudyakov ◽  
A Myrzamatova ◽  
D Mukaneeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract Aim To estimate the economic burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Russian Federation (RF) in 2016, including the direct costs and the economic losses caused by reduced productivity. Material and Methods We included 4 diseases: cardiovascular, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic pulmonary disease (COPD). We used the official statistics data collected by Ministry of health on the number of patients, health care resources utilization (hospitalizations, emergency visits, outpatients’ visits). The costs of health care were obtained from health insurance fund. Directs nonmedical costs included disabilitypayments, calculated based on the number of disabled persons from each group and by the amount of the disability allowance. Indirect costs (economic losses) included decreased productivity due to premature mortality and disability. The potential years of life lost (PYLL) were calculated using the number of life years lost due todeath and disability due to NCDs before 70 years. Human capital approach was used, and calculation were based on the GDP per person. Results Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year. Direct costs were responsible only for 13% of losses, indirect costs for 87% of the total burden. CVD were responsible for 81,4% of burden, cancer – for 7,1%, diabetes - 6,5% and COPD for 5,0%. Conclusions The economic burden because of NCDs in the RF in 2016 was 3.3 trillion (3.9% of GDP). Such the significant economic burden and absence of positive dynamics is a strong argument for increasing investments in the prevention and treatment of NCDs. Key messages Number of PYLL due to premature death from NCDs was estimated to be 8,0 million years. Economic burden because of NCDs in 2016 in the RF reached 3,3 trillion (45.9 billion €), which is equivalent of 3.9% of GDP for this year.

scholarly journals Cost-of-Illness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Russian Federation: Results from Russian multicenter observational pharmacoepidemiologic study of diabetes care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (FORSIGHT-Т2DM)

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan I. Dedov ◽  
Marina F. Kalashnikova ◽  
Dmitriy Y. Belousov ◽  
Aleksey S. Kolbin ◽  
Vladimir V. Rafalskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background: Cost-of-Illness Analysis (COI) constitutes the basis for the decision-making process on the budget and allocation in a modern health care system. Considering the wide prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (Т2DM), it is important to perform COI in the Russian Federation (RF). Aim: The aim of the secondary objective FORSIGHT-Т2DM study was to conduct Cost-of-Illness Analysis (COI) of Т2DM in the Russian Federation in relation to taking into consideration the presence of complications and concomitant diseases. Materials and methods: COI of Т2DM was performed using the data obtained in Russian multicenter observational, pharmacoepidemiologic cross-sectional study of diabetes care for assessing routine healthcare pattern of T2DM in the Russian Federation (FORSIGHT-Т2DM). Information for each patient was collected from primary medical records and By asking patients to fill out a questionnaire. Total costs were calculated as the sum of direct medical costs (DCm), direct non-medical costs (DCn) and indirect costs (IC). Results: The final analysis included data from 2014 patients with T2DM residing in 45 cities of RF. Total direct medical costs (DCm) of treating Т2DM and its complications and comorbidities amounted to 105 337 rubles ($2742) per patient per year; direct non-medical costs (DCn) amounted to 24 518 rubles ($638) per patient per year; indirect costs (IC) amounted to 149 754 rubles ($3898) per patient per year. The total cost of T2DM in RF in 2014 year amounted to 279 609 rubles ($7278) per patient. The total cost of T2DM in RF in 2014 amounted to 279 609 rubles per patient. Conclusions: More than half (53,5%) of the total cost of T2DM is the loss of GDP due to patients disability. The DCm constitute 37,7% of the total cost of the disease, of which 57% is spent on treatment of T2DM complications and concomitant diseases, while only 10% is spent on glucose-lowering therapies.

scholarly journals O3B.6 The economic burden of work-related asbestos exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A25.1-A25
Author(s):  
Emile Tompa ◽  
Christina Kalcevich ◽  
Christopher McLeod ◽  
Martin Lebeau ◽  
Chaojie Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Lifetime Cost ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Newly Diagnosed

The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden of lung cancer and mesothelioma due to occupational and paraoccupational asbestos exposure in Canada.We estimated the lifetime cost of newly diagnosed lung cancer and mesothelioma cases associated with occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure for calendar year 2011 based on the societal perspective. The key cost components considered were healthcare costs, productivity and output costs, and quality of life costs.There were 427 cases of newly diagnosed mesothelioma cases and 1904 lung cancer cases attributable to asbestos exposure in our reference year—calendar year 2011—for a total of 2331 cases. Our estimate of the economic burden is $C831 million in direct and indirect costs for newly identified cases of mesothelioma and lung cancer and $C1.5 billion in quality of life costs based on a value of $C100,000 per quality-adjusted life year. This amounts to $C356,429 and $C652,369 per case, respectively.The economic burden of lung cancer and mesothelioma associated with occupational and para-occupational asbestos exposure is substantial. The estimate identified is for 2331 newly diagnosed, occupational and para-occupational exposure cases in 2011, so it is only a portion of the burden of existing cases in that year. Our findings provide important information for policy decision makers for priority setting, in particular the merits of banning the mining of asbestos and use of products containing asbestos in countries where they are still allowed and also the merits of asbestos removal in older buildings with asbestos insulation.

The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Zarova ◽  
E. I. Dubravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Budgetary Regulation in the Context of Preventing the Consequences of the Spread of a New Coronavirus Infection in the Russian Federation

Lex Russica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-79
Author(s):  
R. V. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget System

The paper is devoted to the examination of issues related to the increasing importance of budgetary regulation for the proper functioning of a modern innovative society. The key role of the budgetary regulation in the financial process of the State is particularly acute in the context of systemic crises that include socio-economic consequences caused by the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Russia. In the course of the study, the features of changes in the state financial policy caused by the above-mentioned crisis phenomena are highlighted. The paper describes various approaches to the interpretation of the budgetary regulation as a category of financial law, explores various types and legal forms of methods of the budgetary regulation, analyses mechanisms and the impact of the State on the budget system through the existing legal structure of the budgetary regulation. It is determined that the rules of financial law governing the whole complex of public relations concerning the distribution and redistribution of the national product between the levels of the budget system of the Russian Federation constitute the institution of financial law, namely: the budgetary regulation. The author concludes that the approach based on the concentration of basic powers in the financial field at the federal level significantly slows down the dynamics of development of economic activity in the majority of regions of Russia, while the need for breakthrough innovative development of Russian society determinates the expansion of long-term tax sources of income for regional budgets. In this regard, it is proposed to consolidate additional regulation for revenues gained by regional and local budgets in the form of targeted deductions from federal taxes on a long-term basis.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

The Role of the Conclusions of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation in the Prevention of the Emergence and Development of Conflicts of Legal Interests in the Judicial System of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 56-66
Author(s):  
E. V. Ryabtseva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Consistent System ◽  
Optimal Behavior ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Individual Regulation

The growing role of the judicial community in reforming the judicial system actualizes the scientific problems of law enforcement associated with understanding the essence of the regulatory impact of the Councils of Judges of the Russian Federation as a body of the judicial community to prevent the emergence of conflicts of legal interests in judicial activity. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate the essence of individual regulation of conflicts of legal interests by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation, aimed at optimizing its activities to combat corruption. The worldview and methodological basis were the works of theoretical scholars and their methods of integrative understanding of law to substantiate the impact of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on judicial activity through individual regulation. The conclusion is substantiated that the activities of the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics, related to the drawing up of opinions on the assessment of conflicts of legal interests and other corruption risks for both acting judges and retired judges, is an individual regulation of legal relations through: interpretation of law; overcoming gaps and conflicts in the law; individuali zation of rights, etc. The content of the interpretation of law by the Commission of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation on Ethics is: the application of certain norms of both international and national law in a specific legal relationship when assessing conflicts of legal interests among judges through a systematic interpretation of the norms of law as a system of elements, defining its role in law, identifying other norms, as well as the principles of law; interpretation of the principles and norms of law, through the legal-logical interpretation of a normative act as logically interconnected structural elements of a single, internally agreed and consistent system of principles and norms of law, when deciding on the presence of conflicts of legal interests in the activities of judges, etc. The paper substantiates that in relation to conflicts of legal interests, individualization should be aimed at determining by the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation typical situations of such conflicts for their correct assessment and development of recommendations related to the optimal behavior of judges, when circumstances arise that lead to conflicts of legal interests.

STUDENT’S SELF-GOVERNMENT IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS AND TRAINING OF PROFESSIONAL STAFF

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Khvostov ◽  
◽  
N.R. Getaova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training

The article explores the concept, objectives and principle of student’s self-government in the system of modern higher education in the Russian Federation. The paper analyzes the impact of student’s self-government on the development of student’s social activity and the formation of a socially adapted personality among students, also the impact on the training of professional staff.

THE PROBLEM OF OFFSHORE ZONES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE IMPACT AND WAYS OF COUNTERING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 187-192
Author(s):  
Konstantin S. Startsev ◽  
◽  
Emil R. Myalikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Experience ◽  
Regulation Policy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The authors provide a study of Russian and international experience of offshore zones, the problems of regulation by Russian and international law and examples and consequences of the capital out-flow as a lack of regulation policy.

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