scholarly journals Do Face Masks Increase the Rate of Staphylococcus Aureus Infection as Secondary Infection during Covid-19?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Mahdi Bozorgnia
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Protective Device ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Aureus Infection

Nowadays due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to save our lives, we have to use masks in a wider range. Since masks are now considered a protective device to prevent some bacterial or viral diseases, especially COVID-19, and the advice is that we should use them to save our lives and the lives of others. It is true that masks have many benefits, but maybe they are also harmful. It seems that is possible in long- term masking, itself cause side effects or even other diseases. Therefore, since masks are now more widely used, its advantages and even disadvantages are important to us. We think, maybe there are harms that may cause other bacterial diseases as secondary bacterial infection that may be confused with COVID-19 because they may have similar symptoms or may increase the severity of it. In this article, we review Staphylococcus Aureus that may be exacerbate or cause infectious diseases and increase the risk of infection. We may be able to prevent them with some recommendations.

scholarly journals Antioxidative and antimicrobial potentials of Parmelia saxatilis and Pseudoevernia furfuracea

2016 ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Jasmina Cilerdzic ◽  
Mirjana Stajic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Phenol Content ◽  
Negative Side Effects ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Even though numerous lichen species possess significant medical potentials they are still unexplored, and particularly species and strains originating from Serbia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative and antimicrobial potential of ethanol extracts of Parmelia saxatilis and Pseudoevernia furfuracea collected in Serbia. The tested extracts were good scavengers of DPPH radicals, with capacities ranging from 14.76% to 79.76% in P. saxatilis and from 21.39% to 90.04% in P. furfuracea. In P. saxatilis level of DPPH? neutralisation was highly correlated with phenol content (r2 = 0.9981) and in P. furfuracea with amount of total flavonoides (r2 = 0.9641). The extract of P. furfuracea inhibited the growth of all tested microorganisms with exception of Aspergillus flavus, while P. saxatilis extract affected only growth of bacterial species. Among tested microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most sensitive, while Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as micromycetes were the least sensitive to tested extracts. Because of these potentials and the fact that their long term usage does not have any negative side effects on organism and development of microbial resistance, the extracts could be included in conventional therapy.

Difunctionalized pillar[5]arene-based polymer nanosheets for photodynamic therapy of Staphylococcus aureus infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Mingsong Zang ◽  
Shengda Liu ◽  
Xiumei Li ◽  
Xiaojia Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Aureus Infection

Monolayer photodynamic polymer nanosheets were established by covalent co-assembly and employed to combat bacterial infection.

scholarly journals NONINVASIVE OPTICAL IMAGING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS INFECTION IN VIVO USING AN ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE FRAGMENT BASED NEAR-INFRARED FLUORESCENT PROBES

2013 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350026 ◽  
Author(s):  
CUICUI LIU ◽  
YUEQING GU
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Optical Imaging ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Peptide Fragment ◽  
Imaging Probe ◽  
Aureus Infection

The diagnosis of bacterial infections remains a major challenge in medicine. Optical imaging of bacterial infection in living animals is usually conducted with genetic reporters such as light-emitting enzymes or fluorescent proteins. However, there are many circumstances where genetic reporters are not applicable, and there is an urgent need for exogenous synthetic probes that can selectively target bacteria. Optical imaging of bacteria in vivo is much less developed than methods such as radioimaging and MRI. Furthermore near-infrared (NIR) dyes with emission wavelengths in the region of 650–900 nm can propagate through two or more centimeters of tissue and may enable deeper tissue imaging if sensitive detection techniques are employed. Here we constructed an antimicrobial peptide fragment UBI29-41-based near-infrared fluorescent imaging probe. The probe is composed of UBI29-41 conjugated to a near infrared dye ICG-Der-02. UBI29-41 is a cationic antimicrobial peptide that targets the anionic surfaces of bacterial cells. The probe allows detection of Staphylococcus aureus infection (5 × 107 cells) in a mouse local infection model using whole animal near-infrared fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the UBI29-41-based imaging probe can selectively accumulate within bacteria. The significantly higher accumulation in bacterial infection suggests that UBI29-41-based imaging probe may be a promising imaging agent to detect bacterial infections.

EPIZOOTIC SITUATION ON FISH DISEASES: RESEARCH METHODS, TRENDS,PROSPECTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
E. А. Zavyalova ◽  
◽  
A. Е. Droshnev ◽  
K. Yu. Bulina ◽  
А. M. Gulyukin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Fish Diseases ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Aquaculture Production

The epizootic situation on fish diseases in Russian Federation in 2015-2017 was analyzed in the article. The general research methodology, methodological approaches and methods of carrying epizootic studies allow to admit the epizootic situation in the country is controlled. From year to year since 2006 there has been a trend towards increasing the share of aquaculture production in Russia and the conservation of fishing in natural reservoirs. According to our observations, the prospect of conducting preliminary and regular studies is based on the interest of households in the results of work that can reduce the incidence of viral diseases (and inhibit the development of bacterial diseases) with increasing the fish production and/or long-term use of reservoirs.

scholarly journals Malaria Chemoprophylaxis: Strategies for Risk Groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Schlagenhauf ◽  
Eskild Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Malarial Infection ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Populations At Risk

SUMMARY The risk of malaria for travelers varies from region to region and depends on the intensity of transmission, the duration of the stay in the area of endemicity, the style of travel, and the efficacy of preventive measures. The decision to recommend chemoprophylaxis to travelers to areas with a low risk of malarial infection is especially difficult because the risk of infection must be balanced with the risk of experiencing side effects. If the risk of side effects by far exceeds the risk of infection, the traveler needs information on measures against mosquito bites and advice on prompt diagnosis and self-treatment. The risk is difficult to quantify, and the absolute risk for travelers to most areas is not known, especially because the populations at risk are unknown. We propose here that the best approximation of the risk to the traveler to a specific area is to use the risk to the indigenous population as a guideline for the risk to the traveler, and we provide examples on how risk in the indigenous population can be used for the estimation of risk of malarial infection for travelers. Special groups are long-term visitors and residents, who often perceive risk differently, cease using chemoprophylaxis, and rely on self-diagnosis and treatment. For long-term visitors, the problem of fake drugs needs to be discussed. Strategies for chemoprophylaxis and self-treatment of pregnant women and small children are discussed. So far, malaria prophylaxis is recommended to prevent Plasmodium falciparum infections, and primaquine prophylaxis against persistent Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale infections in travelers is not recommended.

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