scholarly journals Who Deserves a Ventilator Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic? Sorting the Moral, Ethical and Legal Dilemma in Indian Scenario

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Priyanka Mishra ◽  
Amborish Nath MCH
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Health Infrastructure ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Ethical Controversy ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Indian Scenario

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rampaged into a second wave and shook the health infrastructure of several countries with India being among one of the worst-hit nations. In consideration of the current immense scarcity of ventilators in India, cautious resource allocation is the need of the hour. Hence, the Intensive care units and the ventilator allocation triage need to be formulated by a central public policy. This is due to the clinical implications, subjective judgments, ethical controversy, evidentiary weaknesses, and organizational complexities. This article suggests few approaches to suitably acknowledge everyone’s rights and judiciously allocate the ventilators for maximum benefit. This will ensure that the “maximum life years” are saved and no patient dies unlawfully.

scholarly journals Web Application for Statistical Tracking and Predicting the Evolution of Active Cases with the Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Iulia Clitan ◽  
◽  
Adela Puscasiu ◽  
Vlad Muresan ◽  
Mihaela Ligia Unguresan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Novel ◽  
End User ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Over Time

Since February 2020, when the first case of infection with SARS COV-2 virus appeared in Romania, the evolution of COVID-19 pandemic continues to have an ascending allure, reaching in September 2020 a second wave of infections as expected. In order to understand the evolution and spread of this disease over time and space, more and more research is focused on obtaining mathematical models that are able to predict the evolution of active cases based on different scenarios and taking into account the numerous inputs that influence the spread of this infection. This paper presents a web responsive application that allows the end user to analyze the evolution of the pandemic in Romania, graphically, and that incorporates, unlike other COVID-19 statistical applications, a prediction of active cases evolution. The prediction is based on a neural network mathematical model, described from the architectural point of view.

scholarly journals Impact of the Burden of COVID-19 in Italy: Results of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Productivity Loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Cesare Nurchis ◽  
Domenico Pascucci ◽  
Martina Sapienza ◽  
Leonardo Villani ◽  
Floriana D’Ambrosio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The WHO declared the novel coronavirus disease a pandemic, with severe consequences for health and global economic activity and Italy is one of the hardest hit countries. This study aims to assess the socio-economic burden of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy through the estimation of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and productivity loss. The observational study was based on data from official governmental sources collected since the inception of epidemic until 28 April 2020. DALYs for a disease combines the years of life lost due to premature mortality in the population and the years lost due to disability of the disease. In addition to DALYs, temporary productivity loss due to absenteeism from work and permanent productivity loss due to premature mortality were estimated using the Human Capital Approach. The total DALYs amount to 2.01 per 1000 persons. The total permanent productivity loss was around EUR 300 million while the temporary productivity loss was around EUR 100 million. This evaluation does not consider other economic aspects related to lockdown, quarantine of contacts, healthcare direct costs etc. The burden of disease methodology is functional metric for steering choices of health policy and allowing the government to be accountable for the utilization of resources.

scholarly journals Exploring the role and mechanism of COVID-19 apps in fighting the current pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan P. Iyengar ◽  
Rachit Jain ◽  
David Ananth Samy ◽  
Vijay Kumar Jain ◽  
Raju Vaishya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Privacy ◽  
Viral Transmission ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Track ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Transmission Test

As COVID-19 pandemic spread worldwide, policies have been developed to contain the disease and prevent viral transmission. One of the key strategies has been the principle of “‘test, track, and trace” to minimize spread of the virus. Numerous COVID-19 contact tracing applications have been rolled around the world to monitor and control the spread of the disease. We explore the characteristics of various COVID-19 applications and especially the Aarogya Setu COVID-19 app from India in its role in fighting the current pandemic. We assessed the current literature available to us using conventional search engines, including but not limited to PubMed, Google Scholar, and Research Gate in May 2020 till the time of submission of this article. The search criteria used MeSH keywords such as “COVID-19,” “pandemics,” “contact tracing,” and “mobile applications.” A variable uptake of different COVID-19 applications has been noted with increasing enrolment around the world. Security concerns about data privacy remain. The various COVID-19 applications will complement manual contact tracing system to assess and prevent viral transmission. Test, track, trace, and support policy will play a key role in avoidance of a “second wave” of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 outbreak.

scholarly journals How far Covid19 virus spread can be curbed by relaxing lockdown in different stages? -A study in Indian scenario

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindom Chakraborty ◽  
Kalyan Das
Keyword(s):  
Simulated Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Term Forecast ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Indian Scenario

ABSTRACTAfter the emergence of the first cases in Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has rapidly spread out to other provinces, neighboring countries and finally has become a global terror. It is indeed a matter of serious concern to study the transmission dynamics of this virus. The potential and severity of an outbreak and providing critical information for identifying the type of disease interventions and intensity can be well understood by the unknown basic reproduction number. A stochastic model can be used to estimate this number with possible safeguard on uncertainties. It is essential to assess how the expensive, resource-intensive measures can contribute to the prevention and control of the 2019-nCoV infection and how long they should be maintained. A short-term forecast of incidences are often of high priority. The challenge is to forecast unseen “future” simulated data for three different scenarios at some time points. We estimate current levels of transmissibility, over variable time points under different levels of interventions and use that to forecast near-future incidence. The forecasted values of incidence can be used for determining the near future mortality also.

scholarly journals Respiratory Viral Co-infection with Novel Coronavirus in Children: A Case Series

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hertzberg ◽  
C. Anthoney Lim ◽  
Erick Eiting ◽  
Steven Yung ◽  
Jeranil Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Surgical Evaluation ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background:The novel coronavirus, COVID-19 was identified in January 2020 initially in Wuhan, China but quickly spread worldwide and was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. There are more than 185 countries impacted and the numbers of cases and deaths continues to rise. The rate of coinfections with COVID-19 in children and the clinical implications are unknown.Case Presentation:We describe the clinical presentation and course of three patients with COVID-19 and coinfections with other common respiratory viruses. Two cases were diagnosed with COVID-19 as well as rhinovirus/enterovirus and the third case was COVID-19 and pertussis. Each case had a unique presentations and hospital courses including an emergency room discharge, urgent surgical evaluation and an intensive care unit admission.Conclusions:This is the first US-based case report to discuss coinfections with COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses. Decisions regarding diagnosis and management of children in the setting of the current pandemic should account for the possibility of coinfections. We also highlight publish health challenged resulting from children with the novel coronavirus.

scholarly journals Common sage (Salvia officinalis) antiviral role: potentiality of a Unani hand sanitizer in COVID-19 (corona virus) second wave control

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
MA Momith Azad ◽  
Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Md Shahidul Islam ◽  
Ahmed Iqbal Gouhar
Keyword(s):  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
World Population ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Chemical Mixing

The world has been fighting against a pandemic for more than a year, caused by a highly infectious disease named COVID-19 rooted by the novel coronavirus 2019. It has already been spread out in most of the countries and a few of which are experiencing second wave. The Novel coronavirus-2019 (SARS CoV-2) incurred more than 1.6 million deaths and 76 million cases in the world population (till 20 December 2020). Although some vaccines are being launched, however, their effectivity and availability are still unknown. Maintaining personal hygiene and social distance are the best way of protection. Hand washing is the utmost recommendation for the maintenance of personal hygiene since hands can be contaminated by the droplets easily. Particularly, in pandemic situations, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. The hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents. Natural formula-based disinfectants can be preferable to chemicals because of higher efficacy and lower adverse effects. Unani medicine is the system based on natural formulations. „Raihan‟ (common sage, Salvia officinalis) is frequently used in Unani medicine for its higher disinfectant role. Common sage extract with ethanol may provide superior efficacy against COVID-19. In this article, we presented information on common sage and its potentiality using with ethanol as a natural, skin-friendly hand sanitizer to prevent harmful action of chemical mixing synthetic sanitizer. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 611-617

scholarly journals In-person schooling and COVID-19 transmission in Canada's three largest cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Bignami ◽  
Yacine Boujija ◽  
David Fisman ◽  
John Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Observation Period

In North America and Europe, the Fall 2020 school term has coincided with the beginning of the second wave of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, sparking a heated debate about the role of in-person schooling for community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This issue has immediate policy relevance for deciding how to operate schools safely as the pandemic unfolds, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are circulating, and immunization coverage remains low. We contribute to this debate by presenting data on trends in COVID-19 weekly incidence among school-aged children 0-19 years old vis-a-vis other age groups during Fall 2020 in Canada's three largest cities: Montreal, Toronto and Calgary. We interpret these trends in light of the different back-to-school policies and other public health measures implemented in the three cities over the observation period.

scholarly journals Bergamo and Covid-19: How the Dark Can Turn to Light

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norberto Perico ◽  
Stefano Fagiuoli ◽  
Fabiano Di Marco ◽  
Andrea Laghi ◽  
Roberto Cosentini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Local Organization ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave

The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, continues to spread rapidly. Here we discuss the dramatic situation created by COVID-19 in Italy, particularly in the province of Bergamo (the most severely affected in the first wave), as an example of how, in the face of an unprecedented tragedy, acting (albeit belatedly)—including imposing a very strict lockdown—can largely resolve the situation within approximately 2 months. The measures taken here ensured that Bergamo hospital, which was confronted with rapidly rising numbers of severely ill COVID-19 patients requiring hospitalization, was able to meet the initial challenges of the pandemic. We also report that local organization and, more important, the large natural immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of the Bergamo population developed during the first wave of the epidemic, can explain the limited number of new COVID-19 cases during the more recent second wave compared to the numbers in other areas of Lombardy. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of coordinating the easing of containment measures to avoid what is currently observed in other countries, especially in the United States, Latin American and India, where this approach has not been adopted, and a dramatic resurgence of COVID-19 cases and an increase in the number of hospitalisations and deaths have been reported.

scholarly journals The first year of COVID-19 in Italy: Incidence, lethality, and health policies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierpaolo Ferrante
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Suppression Strategy

Background: The novel coronavirus disease is an ongoing pandemic that started in China in December 2019. This paper is aimed at estimating the first two infections waves in Italy in relation to adopted health policies.Design and methods: We moved deaths of the Italian COVID-19 registry from recorded to infection date by the weighted moving average. We considered two infection fatality ratios related to the effective or saturated health system, we estimated the likely incidence curve from the resulting deaths and evaluated the curve shape before and after the national health policies.Results. From the 24th of February 2020 to the 7th of February 2021, we estimated 6,664,655 (4,639,221-9,325,138) cases distributed on two waves. Suitable daily infection fatality rates were 2.53% within the first wave and 1.15% within the second one. The first wave (February-July 2020) had its peak on the 14th of March 2020 (26,575). The second wave (August 2020-February 2021) was fatter with the peak on the 12th of November (60,425) and a hump in December before decreasing to 26,288 at the end. Adopted health policies were followed by changes in the curve rate.Conclusion: Tracing infection contacts and quarantining asymptomatic people reduced virus lethality in the second wave.  Restriction on population mobility is effective within a suppression strategy, distance learning reduces contacts among families. Removal of restrictions should be implemented by sequential steps for avoiding a quick rising of incident cases. A reasonable public health daily goal to control both virus spread and lethality could be to find at least 87 cases for each death.

scholarly journals CORONA CASE PREDICTOR

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumer Sharma ◽  
Namita Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Global Migration ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Official Data

What will be the further impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in India? To answer this question, we need an accurate analysis of the rate of death and recovery. At the same time, since the future does not usually repeat itself in the same way as in the past, so there is no certainty. The COVID-19 epidemic after spreading its roots to 206 countries around the world, has started again with more deadly waves than previous. Though vaccines are available now but still no one knows for how much time period certain vaccine can provide antibodies. So, the battle is still going on. Disease and death not only threaten people but also their economic impact. Even though if one got recovered from disease but post covid symptoms are the one which are haunting even more. Based on the official data model, diagnostic techniques are used to create a predictable but decisive prediction model for the spread of COVID-19 in India. The second wave of COVID-19 hit in the states of India during March and has since spread again to all other provinces with a great havoc and the situation is getting worse in countries with high global migration.

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