Does Liquid-Based Technology Improve Detection of Cervical Epithelial Abnormalities and Worth in Low Resource Setting?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 01-06
Author(s):  
Sushna Maharjan ◽  
Mamata Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the most frequent cancer among Nepalese women. Aims: This study was undertaken to assess the strength of liquid-based cytology (LBC) and conventional Pap smear (CPS) in detecting cervical dysplasia/cancer, and assess feasibility of LBC in our setting. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Samples were collected from 312 patients for CPS and LBC by split sampling technique. Smears were interpreted according to the Bethesda System. The results between two methods were compared and analyzed statistically by applying Chi-square and t-tests. Results: There was no significant difference in adequacy rates, representativeness, detection of organisms and epithelial abnormalities between two methods. Neutrophils, haemorrhage, mucus and debris were more in CPS than LBC (P value <0.05). Conclusion: We didn’t find significant difference between two methods in detecting cervical epithelial abnormalities. The high cost of LBC makes CPS still a better option in the countries with low resource setting.

scholarly journals Mother's knowledge and attitudes towards Visual Acetate Acid Inspection test in Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dini Mei Widayanti ◽  
Mochammad Bagus Qomaruddin ◽  
Dedi Irawandi
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Background: The incidence of cervical cancer in Indonesia is still high due to the poor awareness of married women about the necessity to check themselves with a pap smear/IVA test for early detection and possible cure. The implementation of the IVA examination still experiences obstacles due to lack of knowledge and fear. Design and Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers with IVA test, using the analytical and cross-sectional study. Data were obtained from mothers that visited the family planning section of the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Center. Out of a total of 184 mothers, 126 samples were chosen by purposive sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 59.5% of respondents had scarce knowledge on IVA tests, 66.7% had unsupportive attitudes towards it, and 54.8% were not willing to carry out the tests. This study explains that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and attitude with a P-value of 0.000.Conclusions: In conclusion, various factors influence the participation of IVA examination, namely lack of knowledge, inability to access information, and fear.

scholarly journals Home Recording And Video Selection: Their use In A Low-Resource Setting For Epilepsy Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Joseph. O. Yaria ◽  
Adesola Ogunniyi
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Low Resource Setting ◽  
Epilepsy Diagnosis ◽  
Home Recording ◽  
Seizure Classification

Objective: In management of epilepsy, identification of an epileptic seizure, classification, epilepsy syndromes, and management decisions relies heavily on seizure semiology. However, since most seizures are not witnessed, obtained semiology has its limitations. This study aimed to determine how many patients could successfully submit a home recording of a seizure event and if adapted video compilations would improve epilepsy diagnosis and classification in a low resource setting. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study carried out at a neurology clinic in a teaching hospital in a low-resource setting. Sixty-seven randomly selected patients with recurrent unprovoked seizures and an informant who had regular observed the seizures and had access to video recording facilities were enrolled. Participants were required to fill an interviewer-administered questionnaire, select from a pre-designed video compilation what best described seizure witnessed, then encouraged on acquisition of video recordings at home. In the absence of video electroencephalography, information obtained was compared with a pre-defined algorithm which combined clinical history, physical examination, EEG results and neuro-images. Accuracy and reliability was calculated for different semiological signs and seizure classification. Results: Sixty seven patients were recruited comprising of 30 females and 37 male patients. Only eight (12%) participants returned with an adequate home recording of seizure episode. Incorporating video selection with questionnaire obtained description improved accuracy for generalized seizure (0.85 vs 0.79) and focal onset seizure (0.84 vs 0.73). Test-retest reliability on video selections by informants showed kappa coefficients ranging from 0.88 – 1.000.  Significance: Home video recording may not be as practical in our environment depending on the setting as adjustments may be required to make it routine. However, selecting videos from pre-selected video compilation may be a viable alternative to improve accuracy.

scholarly journals Assessment of Complete Coverage of Expanded Program on Immunization in Children at Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Qurat ul Ain Khalid ◽  
Imran Mahmood Khan ◽  
Wajeeha Amber ◽  
Aqmal Laeeq Chishti ◽  
Khawaja Amjad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Complete Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Expanded Program On Immunization

Background: Goal of the expanded program on immunization (EPI) is to ensure full immunization of children under one year of age to globally eradicate poliomyelitis, tetanus, measles-related deaths and to extend all new vaccines and preventive health interventions to children in all parts of the world. Demographic and health survey 2012-13 showed that in Pakistan complete immunization coverage is very low (54%) to achieve this goal. The objective of this study was to assess any improvement in terms of vaccination coverage in Pakistan in the last 3-4 years.Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at outpatient department of Pediatric Medicine of Mayo Hospital Lahore from May, 2016 till November, 2016. The non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to include patients after taking informed consent. Demographic details were collected and parents were questioned about different vaccinations received and confirmed through vaccination card. Data analysis was done through SPSS version 20 and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square test was applied for association among categorical variables.Results: Complete coverage of expanded program on immunization was achieved in 86% children. A statistically significant difference was noted between mother’s education and immunization coverage of children (P-value 0.013).Conclusions: Education of mother and socioeconomic status were two significant factors affecting immunization coverage. In order to meet target of 95% immunization coverage rate set by WHO, more awareness should be created among people with low socioeconomic status along with improvement of immunization facilities in these areas.Key words: Children, Expanded Program on Immunization, Immunization Coverage

scholarly journals Frequency of cusp of carabelli in maxillary permanent first molars and its association with dental caries in patients visiting Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (08) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106
Author(s):  
Sana Arbab ◽  
◽  
Munawar Aziz Khattak ◽  
Syed Amjad Shah ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dental Hospital

Objective: To find out the frequency of cusp of Carabelli and its association with dental caries in maxillary permanent first molars in both male and female patients of Peshawar. Study Design: Cross Sectional Study. Setting: OPD of Peshawar Dental Hospital, Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to December 2016. Material & Methods: A total of 300 patients (125 males and 175 females) were selected through consecutive sampling technique and the number of teeth examined was 600 (two teeth per patient). Age group selected for the patients was from 13 to 30 years. Both the genders having fully erupted maxillary permanent first molars on both sides of the jaw were included in the study and the teeth were examined usin0g mouth mirror while the presence of caries in Carabelli groove was checked with the help of dental explorer (probe). Results: Of the total 300 patients, 118 (39.3%) presented the cusp of Carabelli on maxillary permanent first molars and the number of teeth having the cusp was 192 (32%) out of the total 600 among them. 24.7% of the patients had cusp present on both right and left MPFM while 10.3% of patients had CC present only on right maxillary molars and in 4.3% of patients, it was located on left molars. Gender differentiation of the cusp did not show a statistically significant difference (p-value 0.140). The frequency of caries associated with the cusp of Carabelli groove was found to be 17.7%. Out these patients, 8 males (34.7%) and 15 females (65.2%) were affected. P value for this distribution was 0.651, which shows no statistically significant difference between genders for the presence of caries. Conclusion: The cusp of Carabelli is a common finding on the palatal surface of mesiolingual cusp of maxillary permanent first molars in a hospital-based population of Peshawar with no statistically significant difference between males and females. Caries in cusp of Carabelli groove is a common association with the cusp having no significant difference between genders.

scholarly journals Calcium levels and metabolic disturbance in renal disease patients receiving hemodialysis: a cross sectional study highlighting its association in dialysis patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2563
Author(s):  
Wajeeha Elahi ◽  
Ameen Zubair Syed ◽  
Bilal Jamil ◽  
Madiha Arif ◽  
Nazia Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Mineral Levels

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the disturbances in Calcium and other mineral levels in patients on hemodialysis at Tabba Kidney Institute, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional observational study through convenient sampling technique was conducted from January 2017 to August 2017 at Tabba Kidney Institute, Karachi after obtaining ethical approval. 255 patients, all above 18 years of age and on hemodialysis were included in the study. Multi-organ failure patients on dialysis, other systemic diseased patients on hemodialysis were excluded. Demographic variables, mineral levels, symptoms and supplementations were recorded. SPSS version 20.0 was used for data analysis.Results: A total of 255 patients on hemodialysis were selected and divided into groups depending upon median years of hemodialysis below and above 5 years of hemodialysis. Median and IQR of calcium were 8.8 and 8.2-9.1 mg/dl for below 5 years, 8.6 and 8.1-9.1 mg/dl for above 5 years (P value=0.44). Median and IQR of phosphate were 4.9 and 3.9-5.7 mg/dl for below 5 years and 4.6 and 3.7-5.5 mg/dl for above 5 years (P value=0.21). Median and IQR of parathyroid hormone were 393 and 212-699 pg/ml for below 5 years and 329 and 128-657 pg/ml for above 5 years. (P value=0.13) Median and IQR of albumin were 4.0 and 3.6-4.2 mg/dl for below 5 years and 4.0 and 3.8-4.3 for above 5 years (P value=0.30). Total of 18 (10.9%) had para thyroidectomy.Conclusions: Present study showed that significant difference in mineral levels did not exist in patients on hemodialysis as regards to the duration of dialysis. However clinical features had a tendency to decrease as duration of dialysis increased to above 5 years. Para thyroidectomy and itching were two main significant findings in this study.

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