The Spatio-temporal Epidemiology of Asthma Patient Visits in Relation to Meteorological Parameters and Air Pollution Factors as a Result of Seasonal Change in Songkhla Province

Objective: To investigate the demographic characteristics, seasonal variations, effects associated with air pollution, and geographic morbidity of asthma in Songkhla.Material and Methods: This research conducted a time series analysis of secondary data from 1 January, 2013 to 31 December, 2017. The distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze associations between air pollutants and daily asthma outpatient visits, and the Bayesian hierarchical modelling was used to map asthma morbidity spatiotemporally.Results: A total of 250,127 asthma diagnoses corresponding to 36,761 patients were found in the medical records. Most asthma outpatients were female (61.1%); males (1-5 years) constituted the majority of individuals during the first peak, while females (40-50 years) predominated the second peak. The trend analysis revealed a seasonal variation in the number of asthma outpatient visits; the highest rates were during the June-December period. The regression coefficient analysis revealed carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), relative humidity, and visibility to have the most significant positive effect on asthma, while the cos (wind direction) had the highest negative effect/impact. Significant associations were found between outpatient gender and age and CO, NO2 , sulfur dioxide, ozone, and particulate matter less than 10 micron. The Hat Yai and Central districts of Songkhla province were identified as morbidity hotspots.Conclusion: The number of asthma-related outpatient visits increased during the rainy season. Asthma affected primarily young boys and middle-aged women in this province, and they constitute the most sensitive group to air pollutants such as CO and NO2 and meteorological conditions like relative humidity and visibility. The highest morbidity rates were found in urbanized habitats.

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The modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China

Respiratory Research ◽

10.1186/s12931-021-01744-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rui Zhang ◽

Yujie Meng ◽

Hejia Song ◽

Ran Niu ◽

Yu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

High Temperature ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Modification Effect ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Although exposure to air pollution has been linked to many health issues, few studies have quantified the modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo, China. Methods The data of daily incidence of influenza and the relevant meteorological data and air pollution data in Ningbo from 2014 to 2017 were retrieved. Low, medium and high temperature layers were stratified by the daily mean temperature with 25th and 75th percentiles. The potential modification effect of temperature on the relationship between air pollutants and daily incidence of influenza in Ningbo was investigated through analyzing the effects of air pollutants stratified by temperature stratum using distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM). Stratified analysis by sex and age were also conducted. Results Overall, a 10 μg/m3 increment of O3, PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 could increase the incidence risk of influenza with the cumulative relative risk of 1.028 (95% CI 1.007, 1.050), 1.061 (95% CI 1.004, 1.122), 1.043 (95% CI 1.003, 1.085), and 1.118 (95% CI 1.028, 1.216), respectively. Male and aged 7–17 years were more sensitive to air pollutants. Through the temperature stratification analysis, we found that temperature could modify the impacts of air pollution on daily incidence of influenza with high temperature exacerbating the impact of air pollutants. At high temperature layer, male and the groups aged 0–6 years and 18–64 years were more sensitive to air pollution. Conclusion Temperature modified the relationship between air pollution and daily incidence of influenza and high temperature would exacerbate the effects of air pollutants in Ningbo.

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How low-cost air pollution sensors could make homes smarter?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9113 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamid Omidvarborna ◽

Prashant Kumar

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Indoor Air ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Indoor Air Pollution ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Low Cost ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Indoor Air Pollutants

<p>The majority of people spend most of their time indoors, where they are exposed to indoor air pollutants. Indoor air pollution is ranked among the top ten largest global burden of a disease risk factor as well as the top five environmental public health risks, which could result in mortality and morbidity worldwide. The spent time in indoor environments has been recently elevated due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak when the public are advised to stay in their place for longer hours per day to protect lives. This opens an opportunity to low-cost air pollution sensors in the real-time Spatio-temporal mapping of IAQ and monitors their concentration/exposure levels indoors. However, the optimum selection of low-cost sensors (LCSs) for certain indoor application is challenging due to diversity in the air pollution sensing device technologies. Making affordable sensing units composed of individual sensors capable of measuring indoor environmental parameters and pollutant concentration for indoor applications requires a diverse scientific and engineering knowledge, which is not yet established. The study aims to gather all these methodologies and technologies in one place, where it allows transforming typical homes into smart homes by specifically focusing on IAQ. This approach addresses the following questions: 1) which and what sensors are suitable for indoor networked application by considering their specifications and limitation, 2) where to deploy sensors to better capture Spatio-temporal mapping of indoor air pollutants, while the operation is optimum, 3) how to treat the collected data from the sensor network and make them ready for the subsequent analysis and 4) how to feed data to prediction models, and which models are best suited for indoors.</p>

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Air pollution and hospital admissions and deaths due to respiratory infections in megacity of Tehran: A time series analysis

Journal of Air Pollution and Health ◽

10.18502/japh.v6i1.7601 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zahra Namvar ◽

Mostafa Hadei ◽

Seyed Saeed Hashemi ◽

Elahe Shahhosseini ◽

Philip K. Hopke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Positive Association ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Age Group ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Ambient Air Pollutants ◽

Short Term Exposure

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the main causes for the significant increase of respiratory infections in Tehran. In the present study, we investigated the associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with the hospital admissions and deaths. Materials and methods: Health data from 39915 hospital admissions and 2459 registered deaths associated with these hospital admissions for respiratory infections were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during 2014-2017. We used the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) for the analyses. Results: There was a statistically positive association between PM2.5 and AURI in the age group of 16 years and younger at lags 6 (RR 1.31; 1.05-1.64) and 7 (RR 1.50; 1.09-2.06). AURI admissions was associated with O3 in the age group of 16 and 65 years at lag 7 with RR 1.13 (1.00-1.27). ALRI admissions was associated with CO in the age group of 65 years and older at lag 0 with RR 1.12 (1.02-1.23). PM10 was associated with ALRI daily hospital admissions at lag 0 for males. ALRI admissions were associated with NO2 for females at lag 0. There was a positive association between ALRI deaths and SO2 in the age group of 65 years and older at lags 4 and 5 with RR 1.04 (1.00-1.09) and 1.03 (1.00-1.07), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO was associated with hospital admissions for AURI and ALRI at different lags. Moreover, exposure to SO2 was associated with deaths for ALRI.

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Associations of Ambient Air Pollutants and Meteorological Factors With COVID-19 Transmission in 31 Chinese Provinces: A Time Series Study

INQUIRY The Journal of Health Care Organization Provision and Financing ◽

10.1177/00469580211060259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 004695802110602

Author(s):

Han Cao ◽

Bingxiao Li ◽

Tianlun Gu ◽

Xiaohui Liu ◽

Kai Meng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Wind Velocity ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Meteorological Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Pollutant Concentrations ◽

Air Pollutant Concentrations

Evidence regarding the effects of environmental factors on COVID-19 transmission is mixed. We aimed to explore the associations of air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 confirmed cases during the outbreak period throughout China. The number of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air pollutant concentrations, and meteorological factors in China from January 25 to February 29, 2020, (36 days) were extracted from authoritative electronic databases. The associations were estimated for a single-day lag as well as moving averages lag using generalized additive mixed models. Region-specific analyses and meta-analysis were conducted in 5 selected regions from the north to south of China with diverse air pollution levels and weather conditions and sufficient sample size. Nonlinear concentration–response analyses were performed. An increase of each interquartile range in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO at lag4 corresponded to 1.40 (1.37–1.43), 1.35 (1.32–1.37), 1.01 (1.00–1.02), 1.08 (1.07–1.10), 1.28 (1.27–1.29), and 1.26 (1.24–1.28) ORs of daily new cases, respectively. For 1°C, 1%, and 1 m/s increase in temperature, relative humidity, and wind velocity, the ORs were 0.97 (0.97–0.98), 0.96 (0.96–0.97), and 0.94 (0.92–0.95), respectively. The estimates of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and all meteorological factors remained significantly after meta-analysis for the five selected regions. The concentration–response relationships showed that higher concentrations of air pollutants and lower meteorological factors were associated with daily new cases increasing. Higher air pollutant concentrations and lower temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity may favor COVID-19 transmission. Controlling ambient air pollution, especially for PM2.5, PM10, NO2, may be an important component of reducing risk of COVID-19 infection. In addition, as winter months are arriving in China, the meteorological factors may play a negative role in prevention. Therefore, it is significant to implement the public health control measures persistently in case another possible pandemic.

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Childhood Leukemia in Small Geographical Areas and Proximity to Industrial Sources of Air Pollutants in Three Colombian Cities

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17217925 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 7925

Author(s):

Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar ◽

Feisar Enrique Moreno-Corzo ◽

Ana María Valbuena-Garcia ◽

Claudia Janeth Uribe Pérez ◽

Mary Ruth Brome Bohórquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Spatial Modeling ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Childhood Leukemia ◽

Cancer Registries ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Environmental Carcinogens ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Industrial Sources ◽

Spatio Temporal

Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and has been associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. This study aimed to identify clusters of acute childhood leukemia (ACL) cases and analyze their relationship with proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in three capital cities in Colombia during 2000–2015. Incident ACL cases were obtained from the population cancer registries for the cities of Bucaramanga, Cali, and Medellín. The inventory of industrial sources of emissions to the air was obtained from the regional environmental authorities and industrial conglomerates were identified. The Kulldorf’s circular scan test was used to detect city clusters and to identify clusters around industrial conglomerates. Multivariable spatial modeling assessed the effect of distance and direction from the industrial conglomerates controlling for socioeconomic status. We identified industrials sectors within a buffer of 1 km around industrial conglomerates related to the ACL clusters. Incidence rates showed geographical heterogeneity with low spatial autocorrelation within cities. The spatio-temporal tests identified one cluster in each city. The industries located within 1 km around the ACL clusters identified in the three cities represent different sectors. Exposure to air pollution from industrial sources might be contributing to the incidence of ACL cases in urban settings in Colombia.

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Role of Major Weather Parameters in the Production of Black Pepper in Kerala

Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension Economics & Sociology ◽

10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i1130749 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 259-267

Author(s):

Nayana S. Nair ◽

M. Thilagavathi ◽

M. Prahadeeswaran ◽

M. R. Duraisamy

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Total Production ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Unit Increase ◽

Indian State ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Weather Parameters

Aim: The present study intends to analyse the influence of weather parameters on the production of black pepper in six major pepper producing districts of Kerala, the Indian state which contributes a considerable share to national spice exports. Methodology: This research is based on secondary data which is limited to six major black pepper producing districts of Kerala which were chosen based on their contribution to total production of the state 2020. More than 50% of the production was from Idukki district followed by Wayanad (8%), and around 3 to 3.5% from Kannur, Kasargod, Kottayam and Kollam districts respectively. Annual precipitation, Relative humidity, Maximum and Minimum temperatures were the parameters taken into consideration along with production data of over 15 years (2005-2019) which was then subjected to regression analysis using panel data. Results: According to the results, significant reduction in production by 2.52% and 1.88% was recorded for unit increase maximum (P= 0.047) and minimum temperature (P=0.03) respectively. Likewise, unit rise in relative humidity and rainfall was responsible for decrease In production by 1.1%, and 0.07% respectively though they were reported to be insignificant. Conclusion: From the present study, it could be concluded that maximum and minimum temperatures were found to be significant in affecting the production of black pepper. However the negative regression coefficients obtained for other factors like rainfall and relative humidity implied its negative effect on production. In order to combat these variations, there is therefore, the need to create awareness to farmers in India on the need to adopt best farming practices in order to improve yield of this important crop.

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The short term burden of ambient gaseous air pollution on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Pudong New Area, China: A time-stratified case-crossover study with a distributed lag nonlinear model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109352/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yichen Chen ◽

Xiaopan Li ◽

Hanyi Chen ◽

Lianghong Sun ◽

Tao Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Air Pollution ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Case Crossover ◽

Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model ◽

Pudong New Area ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: Air pollution is a severe and dangerous public health problem. However, the effect of ambient gaseous air pollution exposure on years of life lost (YLL) attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) mortality has not been quantitatively verified.Methods: We collected the data of 12,781 COPD deaths and ambient gaseous air pollutants, including sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3), during the years 2013-2019 in the Shanghai Pudong New Area (PNA). Then we performed a time-stratified case-crossover study combined with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to estimate the impact of those air pollutants on daily COPD deaths counts and YLL. The confounders including long-term trend and meteorological factors have been controlled for, and effects of age and educational attainment as effect modifiers have also been evaluated.Results: During the 2013-2019 time frame, increases of 10μg/m3 in SO2 and NO2 were associated with a 4.93% (95% CI: 1.47%, 8.50%) and 1.47% (95% CI: 0.14%, 2.82%) in daily COPD death counts at lag0-1day, respectively, a 2.52 (95% CI: 0.31, 4.72) YLL increase and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.01, 1.68) YLL increase at lag0-1day, respectively. A 1mg/m3 increase in CO was associated with a 9.46% (95% CI: 0.40%, 19.35%) at lag0 increase in daily COPD death counts. No significant impact from O3 on both daily COPD deaths counts and YLL (P>0.05). The impact of gaseous air pollutants on the daily COPD death count and YLL were significant in populations of older adults and the lower educated population, while an insignificant effect was observed in the younger population and higher educated population. The YLL due to COPD related to SO2 and CO for the lower educated population was significantly higher than those for the higher educated population.Conclusion: Reducing specific gaseous air pollutants will help to control COPD deaths and improve the population’s life expectancy.

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Temporal analysis of air pollutants in the most affected monsoon region

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v23.i1.pp229-236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

Omar Kairan ◽

Nur Nasehah Zainudin ◽

Nurul Hasya Mohd Hanafiah ◽

Nur Emylia Arissa Mohd Jafri ◽

Fukayhah Fatiha @Suhami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Air Quality ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Air Pollutant

Air pollution has become an issue at all rates in the world. In Malaysia, there is a system is known as air quality index (API) used to indicate the overall air quality in the country where the air pollutants include or the new ambient air quality standard are sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3) and particulate matter with size less than 10 (PM10). The concentration levels of the air pollutants were said to be affected by the monsoon changes. Therefore, this study is conducted to examine the existence of temporal variations of each air pollutant then identify the differences of each air pollutants concentration in temporal variations. This study uses secondary data where data that has been retrieved from the Department of Environment (DOE) where it is data of air pollution specifically for Kota Bharu, kelantan records. Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis was conducted to group monthly air quality. As a conclusion, the study can conclude that the five air pollutants grouped into several different monthly clusters mostly representing the two main monsoon seasons. Mostly air pollutant varied accordingly towards the monsoon season. During the southwestern monsoon, air pollutant concentration tends to higher compare to the northeastern monsoon with mostly due to meteorological factors.

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Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Climatic Factors on Circulatory and Respiratory Mortality in Xi’an, China between 2014 and 2016

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17239027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 9027

Author(s):

Kingsley Katleho Mokoena ◽

Crystal Jane Ethan ◽

Yan Yu ◽

Asenso Theophilus Quachie

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Time Series ◽

Relative Risk ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Quality Index ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Respiratory Mortality ◽

Distributed Lag

Several studies have reported that air pollution and climatic factors are major contributors to human morbidity and mortality globally. However, the combined interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on human health remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on circulatory and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Time-series analysis and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were employed as the study design and core statistical method. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for temperature and Air Quality Index (AQI) interaction on circulatory mortality were 0.973(0.969, 0.977) and −0.055(−0.059, −0.048), respectively; while for relative humidity and AQI interaction, 1.098(1.011, 1.072) and 0.088(0.081, 0.107) respectively, were estimated. Additionally, the IRR and RERI for temperature and AQI interaction on respiratory mortality were 0.805(0.722, 0.896) and −0.235(−0.269, −0.163) respectively, while 1.008(0.965, 1.051) and −0.031(−0.088, 0.025) respectively were estimated for relative humidity and AQI interaction. The interaction effects of climatic factors and AQI were synergistic and antagonistic in relation to circulatory and respiratory mortality, respectively. Interaction between climatic factors and air pollution contributes significantly to circulatory and respiratory mortality.

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The effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases: lag structures

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102006000500018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 677-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Lourdes Conceição Martins ◽

Luiz A A Pereira ◽

Chin A Lin ◽

Ubiratan P Santos ◽

Gildeoni Prioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Air Pollutants ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Southeastern Brazil ◽

Female Group ◽

São Paulo ◽

Distributed Lag ◽

Gender Groups

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lag structure between air pollution exposure and elderly cardiovascular diseases hospital admissions, by gender. METHODS: Health data of people aged 64 years or older was stratified by gender in São Paulo city, Southeastern Brazil, from 1996 to 2001. Daily levels of air pollutants (CO, PM10, O3, NO2, and SO2) , minimum temperature, and relative humidity were also analyzed. It were fitted generalized additive Poisson regressions and used constrained distributed lag models adjusted for long time trend, weekdays, weather and holidays to assess the lagged effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions up to 20 days after exposure. RESULTS: Interquartile range increases in PM10 (26.21 mug/m³) and SO2 (10.73 mug/m³) were associated with 3.17% (95% CI: 2.09-4.25) increase in congestive heart failure and 0.89% (95% CI: 0.18-1.61) increase in total cardiovascular diseases at lag 0, respectively. Effects were higher among female group for most of the analyzed outcomes. Effects of air pollutants for different outcomes and gender groups were predominately acute and some "harvesting" were found. CONLUSIONS: The results show that cardiovascular diseases in São Paulo are strongly affected by air pollution.

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