scholarly journals LABOR INTENSITY OF MILK PRODUCTION IN SOME AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

Author(s):  
N.Yu. Garafutdinova ◽  
◽  
I.Sh. Madyshev ◽  
◽  

The article deals with the issues related to the gross production of dairy products, labor costs and labor intensity of milk production in some basic agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Tatarstan over the past few years (2016-2020).

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
ZH.H. KAZHIEVA ◽  

As a result of the study of the state and problems in the dairy industry of the East Kazakhstan region - the leading region for production of dairy products in the country, development of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan and East Kazakhstan region from 2010-2019 was analyzed, using indicators of gross milk yield, average annual cow population, milk yield per cow, structure of milk production in the region by categories of farms. The dynamics of production of dairy products in the region is considered based on the analysis of the volumes of milk production and main types of dairy products; assessment of the level of the average annual production capacity of enterprises, population's demand for dairy products and its actual consumption is presented. Along with this, the main problems of the development of dairy industry in the region are identified: low level of utilization of production capacities, shortage and low quality of used raw materials that do not meet the requirements of sanitary standards, an outdated material and technical base, and ways of solving them are proposed. The formation of specialized dairy farms of large and medium size, the development of agricultural cooperation will contribute to the provision of raw materials for dairy factories in the region. State support and stimulation of the activities of these forms of management will increase production of raw materials for the dairy industry in the region, improve its quality, as a result of compliance with sanitary and hygienic requirements, carrying out veterinary and breeding work at the required level, as well as integrated approach to ensuring employment of rural population and food security of the country.


Author(s):  
Zharikova O. ◽  
Pashchenko O.

This article reveals the essence of financial and economic activity of agribusiness according to international standards. The activity of small enterprises, which produce 60-80% of GDP and employ about 70% of the working population, are the main producers in many countries, and it is proved that small business contributes to a fair competitive market by producing a wide range of high quality goods and services. Its importance in the agricultural sector requires the attention of public authorities, as well as scientific and public organizations. According to the financial and economic analysis, it is proved that small farms must be provided with the necessary socio-economic conditions for commodity production. Thus, small businesses need to create dairy farms in the livestock sector, and their activities must meet the requirements of European standards, comply with environmental standards and safety of dairy consumption. Despite the fact that the share of households was 76% of all categories of farms in total milk production, its production requires capital investment in Ukraine. Cooperation is an important way to increase the efficiency of small farms. Service cooperatives can organize the sale and processing of products, provide the farm with feed, equipment and advanced technologies, which will help increase the productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the service cooperative. As a result of the study, it was found that in terms of efficiency and quality, large agricultural enterprises are of great importance in milk production. However, public policy should promote milk production in households and small farms, as they concentrate almost 76% of milk production. Based on the study, we can conclude that currently the problem of the economy is to provide competitive and high-quality marketable dairy products and obtain a large amount of raw milk, and for this it is necessary to keep highly productive breeds of animals, introduce high-performance equipment and new production technologies. milk and quality control of raw milk at all stages of its production and sale to dairy enterprises. It is not possible for households and small farms to carry out these measures on their own. This is possible through the cooperation of small businesses, which will promote the production of quality dairy products, increase productivity and economic efficiency of each member of the cooperative, as well as government support.Keywords: agricultural enterprises, households, farms, milk production, production competitiveness, servicing cooperatives. У даній статті розкрито сутність фінансово-економічної діяльності агробізнесу за міжнародними стандартами. На основі власних досліджень практично та теоретично обгрунтовано діяльність малих підприємств, що виробляють 60-80% ВВП і зайняті близько 70% працездатного населення, є основними виробниками в багатьох країнах, а також доведено, що малий бізнес сприяє формуванню справедливого конкурентного ринку, виробляючи широкий асортимент високоякісних товарів та послуг. Його значення в аграрному секторі вимагає уваги державних органів влади, а також наукових та громадських організацій. За здійсненим фінансово-економічним аналізом доведено, що маленькі фермерські господарства повинні бути забезпечені необхідними соціально-економічними умовами для товарного виробництва. Охарактеризовано, малому бізнесу потрібно створити молочні ферми у галузі тваринництва, а їх діяльність повинна відповідати вимогам європейських стандартів, дотримуватися норм щодо охорони навколишнього середовища та безпеки споживання молочних продуктів. Незважаючи на те, що частка домогосподарств становила 76% усіх категорій ферм у загальному виробництві молока, його виробництво вимагає капітальних вкладень в Україну. Співпраця є важливим способом підвищення ефективності діяльності малих фермерських господарств. Обслуговуючі кооперативи можуть організовувати збут та переробку продукції, забезпечувати ферму кормами, технічними засобами та передовими технологіями, що допоможе підвищити продуктивність та економічну ефективність кожного члена обслуговуючого кооперативу. В результаті проведеного дослідження виявлено, що з точки зору ефективності та якості, великі аграрні підприємства мають велике значення у виробництві молока. Однак державна політика повинна сприяти виробництву молока в домашніх господарствах та невеликих фермерських господарствах, оскільки вони концентрують майже 76% виробництва молока. На основі проведених розрахунків доведено, що в даний час проблема економіки полягає у забезпеченні конкурентоспроможної та якісної товарної молочної продукції та отриманні великої кількості молочної сировини, а для цього необхідно утримувати високопродуктивні породи тварин, впроваджувати високопродуктивні технічні засоби та нові технології виробництва, зберігання сирого молока та контролю якості молочного сировини на всіх етапах його виробництва та реалізації молочним підприємствам. Встановлено, що до-могосподарствам та дрібним фермерським господарствам неможливо здійснити ці заходи самостійно, лише можливо завдяки співпраці малих підприємств, що сприятиме виробництву якісної молочної продукції, підвищенню продуктивності та економічної ефективності кожного члена кооперативу, а також державній підтримці. Ключові слова: аграрні підприємства, домогосподарства, ферми, виробництво молока, конкурентоспроможність виробництва, обслуговування кооперативів.


Author(s):  
Е. А. Kondratyuk

Prevailing trends on regional food market and economic performance data of enterprise entities show up the need to determine the most pressing factors of further development of the dairy farming field in the Republic of Karelia. Due to reduction of regional dairy market capacity and rising competition, it is necessary to search for new solutions geared to improvement of efficiency of business activities. Assessment of the impact of market factors on the production level of dairy products in the region was carried out using multiple regression analysis. A correlation analysis was used to determine strength of relationship between indicators that hypothetically influence the development of the regional dairy product market. The milk production volume in the region has been found to have a direct linkage to consumption (r=0,82) and income level (r=-0,88), consumer price (r=-0,84), expenses for food (r=-0,86) as well as retail sales volume (r=-0,85). The quantity of imported dairy products reliably tied to consumption level (r=0,88). One of possible options for solution to the problem of milk production reduction in the region is a new approach in the implementation of state support to the economic sector – shifting the focus of financing from production to distribution promoting the growth of consumer demand for dairy products.


2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
Vojislav Pavlovic ◽  
Nebojsa Pavlovic

Inflammation of the mammary gland, mastitis, in cows presents one of the most acute problems in intensive milk production, incurring huge economic losses which reach from 20-80% even in developed countries in the past decade. On the grounds of the programme of the respective Ministry, the Veterinary Service of the Republic of Serbia is obliged to monitor, detect, curb and control infective inflammation of the mammary gland caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus. Long-term different approaches to mastitis treatment did not result in the required solution, so that the problem of mastitis is still present and acute. In order to prevent the infiltration of the pathogenic cause into the mammary gland, its populating and multiplication, it is necessary to maintain constant and regular controls of milk, as well as undertake of preventive and therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the incidence of mastitis. Immunization and immunotherapy of mastitis are new and very interesting areas for scientific investigations and work. In the recent decades vaccines against staphylococcal mastitis are being successfully developed, whose success is reflected in the reduced incidence of clinical and subcilinical mastitis.


Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 318 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shpychak

The purpose of the article is: to assess organizational and economic state of the Ukrainian dairy industry production and to identify the causal links of transformational changes that have taken place and are taking place in Ukraine and have led to undesirable consequences; to determine reasons for existing natural milk production in Ukraine even in the XXI century; to offer a step-by-step solution of organizational and economic problems of dairy industry development in order to provide the domestic market with the required quantity and quality of dairy products and export potential, considering modern Ukrainian realities and experience of the leading countries of the world. Research methods. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the systematic approach to determining economic processes based on the dialectical method of cognition, as well as using scientific developments of domestic and foreign scientists on the efficiency of milk production and processing, laws and regulations of state authorities of Ukraine on dairy farming and milk processing during formation of the relevant market. Monographic and abstract and logical methods were used to substantiate the research methodology and theoretical generalizations in determining the essence of organizational and economic principles of development of the dairy subcomplex and justifying the typicality concept. When working with analytics and empirical knowledge of phenomena and processes, such methods of economic research were used: comparative analysis, economic and statistical, graphic. To analyse the economic efficiency of milk production depending on various influencing factors and select groups for identifying typical dairy farms, the method of statistical groupings was used. Determining the directions of development and improving efficiency of milk production and processing in the relevant consumer market required the use of calculation and design, balance, extrapolation and other research methods. Research results. The role and place of personal peasant farms and agricultural enterprises through their volumes and structure in the general problem of providing products of the population of Ukraine were considered. Taking into account modern Ukrainian realities and experience of the world's leading countries, a step-by-step solution of organizational and economic problems of dairy industry development was proposed in order to provide the domestic market with the required quantity and quality of dairy products and increase export potential. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the causal links in the historical process between households and agricultural enterprises and their role in shaping the volume and quality of milk are considered. The reasons that led to the undesirable consequences were identified and suggestions for their elimination were given. It is substantiated that the quality of milk produced in households for own consumption is of high quality. Practical significance. Necessary ways of liquidation of impersonal transfer of milk from the household before it gets into the receiving tank of the procurer were offered. It should be achieved in our conditions only by increasing the number of livestock kept in a separate household: from 1-2 cows to at least 15-20 animals, i.e. the creation of dairy family farms, as it have been done in Poland, France etc. In this case, a milk producer is fully responsible for its quality. Tabl.: 6. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 33.


2021 ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
M. Yerenkhan ◽  
◽  
I. P. Bogomolova ◽  
M. K. Tuleubayeva ◽  
◽  
...  

The goal is to address the issues of modernization and diversification in agricultural sector in order to increase the level of socio-economic development of the country. The article presents domestic and foreign experience of the States which implement these transformations in enterprises for the efficient use of production resources, reduction of labor costs, and increasing income. Objectives – to show that positive directions for expanding the scope of activities in production of products by increasing its range will optimize logistics costs, reduce dependence on supplies, which causes significant material and monetary costs, and gain independence from suppliers of necessary materials and raw materials. The results confirm that in agro-industrial complex, along with specialization, an objective necessity is diversified development, i.e. diversification and reconstruction. Agricultural enterprises in the North Kazakhstan region have experience related to this strategy. In the region, one can mention successful examples of organizing flour production on farms, which contributes to meeting the demand for flour-grinding products without intermediaries between producers and consumers, directly selling them to bakery enterprises, bakeries of the republic. The livestock complex of the NKR increases production of milk and its processing products butter, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, kefir and yogurt. The conclusions reflect that the processes of modernization and diversification in agro-industrial complex should be carried out simultaneously with deepening of the specialized focus of production, increase in interregional and industrial exchange, which is a powerful basis for the development of the national market and multi-structured economy.


2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Marina Meteleva ◽  
Anna Sytenko

Abstract Dairy animal industry is one of the leading industries of animal production and an important line of many agricultural enterprises activity of the Belgorod region. In essence, its efficiency and competitiveness depend on many certain features of the regional market. The research object is dairy industry in the Belgorod region. The aim of the research was to study the state of the dairy cattle in the Belgorod region and to identify the major reserves of milk production increase on the basis of expected resource balances. The research is connected with the definition of the used branch resources balance. It will allow the definition of the directions of the branch efficiency increase. The practical value of the work is based on an estimation of the branch resources which should help to define the necessary quantity of milk, sufficient for manufacture of dairy products for internal dairy consumption. The subtheme is Increase of Milk Production.


2020 ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Olena Lyakhovska

The production of milk and dairy products is a significant segment of the domestic food industry with a share of 14% in its structure. During 2014-2019, the volume of dairy production in Ukraine decreased by 15.68%, which caused the loss of 5 positions in the world ranking by this indicator. The purpose of the article is to determine the development potential of dairy production in Ukraine in the regional context based on the raw material supply. According to the results of the research, higher efficiency of agricultural enterprises (the share of which in the structure of raw milk production in Ukraine was less than 30%) as compared to households was found. Comparative estimates show that the regional structure of dairy products is more geographically concentrated than the structure of raw milk production. According to the results of grouping of regions of Ukraine by the volume of production of raw milk and its industrial processing products, only four regions had high complex potential in this segment in 2019, two – milk processing potential, six – raw milk potential, while the potential of the remaining 12 regions was insignificant. The transformation of commodity and geographic structures of export-import operations with dairy products in Ukraine was investigated. The main problems of the dairy processing segment of the domestic food industry were identified, namely: insufficient potential and poor quality of the raw material base for industrial dairy processing; interaction imbalance between suppliers of raw milk and industrial producers; the presence of a shadow segment and a high degree of falsification in the domestic dairy market; etc. A number of mechanisms were proposed to further enhance the dairy sector development in Ukraine. The basic directions of state support for agricultural enterprises producing raw milk and industrial enterprises producing dairy products were outlined.


Author(s):  
I. L. Kovalev

The article presents the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the structure of the tractor fleet of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Belarus by capacity composition over the past decade. It is noted that the average power of the tractor engine in domestic agricultural enterprises during this period increased by almost 25 %. Based on the practical experience of agricultural enterprises in Russia and numerous studies conducted in Western Europe and North America, some results of these studies are presented regarding the optimal choice of equipment and the formation of an effective agricultural machine and tractor fleet for a number of determining factors and conditions.


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