scholarly journals CHRONIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISORDERS IN YOUNG PEOPLE: CLINICAL, DIAGNOSTIC, ETIOLOGICAL, PATHOGENETIC, TREATMENT AND PROPHYLACTIC ASPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
O.E. Kovalenko ◽  
B.G. Gavryshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Cerebrovascular diseases remain among the world`s most pressing problems due to the high mortality, disability, reduced quality of life, development of dementia and a high risk of recurrence of cerebral circulatory disorders. Over the last 15 years, there has been a tendency to increase the number of cerebrovascular diseases among young people. The clinical manifestations of the initial cerebrovascular disorders are nonspecific and require additional examination and development of individual treatment and prevention measures. This review of chronic cerebrovascular disorders in young people is based on the analysis of local and foreign literature. The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the problem of the initial manifestations of cerebral circulatory failure in young people: etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures.

scholarly journals The role of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the progression and development of cerebrovascular diseases. A competent choice of pathogenic treatment is the key to success in treatment and prevention. An expert’s view from the ‘red zone’

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
V. V. Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
State Recovery ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Group 1

COVID-19 worsens the course of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD), including chronic cerebral ischaemia (CCI). The Actovegin drug, which has long been widely used in CCI treatment, has an antioxidant and endothelium protective effect. It makes sense to study the effect of Actovegin therapy on the clinical manifestations of CCI in patients with a recent experience of COVID-19.Objective: to evaluate Actovegin efficacy in the treatment of CCI in patients with a recent experience of COVID-19.Patients and methods. The study included 440 patients (234 female; 206 male) with a recent experience of COVID-19, suffering from CCI, their average age being 67.8 years (from 54 to 85 years). All patients were broken down into two groups of 220 people (the patients in Group 1 were administrated Actovegin, the ones in Group 2 – were not). All patients were followed up for 90 days; their condition was assessed by the severity of clinical manifestations of CCI, using special scales and questionnaires.Results and discussion. After 90 days of follow-up, the frequency of complaints of cognitive impairment, sleep disorder, dizziness, fatigue, emotional disorders, and headache in Group 1 was significantly lower than in Group 2 (p<0.05). According to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), and Spiegel Sleep Questionnaire (SSQ), the average indicators improved significantly more in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p<0.05). The absence of quality of life impairment and their minimal severity were observed in Group 1 in 77.9%; in Group 2 – in 33.7% (p<0.001). Statistically significant differences between the groups of patients were also observed in relation to emotional state recovery according to the Wakefield Questionnaire and the Spielberger State Trait Anxiety inventory.Conclusion. The observational study demonstrated the efficacy of Actovegin in the treatment of main clinical manifestations of CCI in patients with recent COVID-19 experience.

scholarly journals Bacterial Pneumonia in Elderly Japanese Populations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117967071775143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Miyashita ◽  
Yasuhiro Yamauchi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young People ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Japanese People ◽  
The Third ◽  
Swallowing Dysfunction ◽  
Elderly Japanese

Bacterial pneumonia is one of the most important infectious diseases in terms of incidence, effect on quality of life, mortality, and impact on society. Pneumonia was the third leading cause of death in Japan in 2011. In 2016, 119 650 Japanese people died of pneumonia, 96% of whom were aged 65 years and above. The symptoms of pneumonia in elderly people are often atypical. Aspiration pneumonia is seen more frequently than in young people because of swallowing dysfunction in the elderly. The mortality rate is also higher in the elderly than in young people. In Japan, the population is aging at an unprecedented rate, and pneumonia in the elderly will be increasingly important in medicine and medical economics in the future. To manage pneumonia in the elderly, it is important to accurately evaluate its severity, administer appropriate antibiotic treatment, and implement effective preventive measures.

scholarly journals An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Shenmai Injection for Healthcare

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-yan Lu ◽  
Guo-qing Zheng ◽  
Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Viral Myocarditis ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Shenmai Injection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overview Of Systematic Reviews

Shenmai injection (SMI) is widely applied in clinical practice as an organ protector. This overview is to evaluate the current evidence from systematic reviews (SRs) of SMI for healthcare. The literature searches were carried out in 6 databases without language restrictions until December 2012. The quality of the primary studies from the respective SRs was evaluated by using Jadad score. The overview quality assessment questionnaire (OQAQ) was used to evaluate the methodological quality of all included SRs. Twenty eligible SRs were identified. They reported a wide range of conditions, including SMI for cardio/cerebrovascular diseases, viral myocarditis, tumor chemotherapy, and adverse drug reactions. Most of the primary studies were of good quality only in 1 SR of non-small-cell lung cancer. According to the OQAQ scores, the quality of included SRs was variable and six reviews were of high quality with a score of 5 points. Two SRs showed that SMI had low adverse drug reaction occurrence. In conclusion, there is mixed evidence to support efficacy of SMI for an adjunct therapy to tumor chemotherapy and premature evidence for the use of SMI for cardio/cerebrovascular disorders and viral myocarditis. SMI seems generally safe for clinical application. Further large sample-size and well-designed RCTs are needed.

scholarly journals Cognitive impairment, dizziness, and unsteadiness in hypertensive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
L. M. Antonenko ◽  
N. V. Vakhnina ◽  
D. O. Gromova
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vascular Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Cerebral Microangiopathy ◽  
Selection Of

Hypertension is a widespread disease related to modifiable vascular risk factors for stroke and chronic cerebrovascular diseases. The pathogenetic basis of brain damage in hypertension is cerebral microangiopathy that leads to vascular cognitive impairment (CI), instability, and falls. Microcirculatory changes in the presence of hypertension at the initial stages of cerebrovascular disease occur without visible clinical manifestations of brain damage. Pathogenetically justified treatment used at an early stage of the disease makes it possible to achieve good results in the prevention of vascular brain damage. An important aspect of selecting effective therapy is the competent diagnosis of the causes of dizziness and instability, which can be caused not only by brain damage, but also by peripheral vestibular system diseases. Early diagnosis of vascular CI, selection of adequate therapy, and prevention of their further progression are of great importance. The studies performed have shown the high efficacy of vinpocetine (Cavinton®) that has a multifactorial mechanism of action in the treatment and prevention of CI, dizziness, and instability caused by cerebrovascular disease.

scholarly journals INDIVIDUAL APPROACH TO THE EXAMINATION OF PATIENTS AND THE CHOICE OF TREATMENT METHODS TOOTH SENSITIVITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
N.F. Aleshina ◽  
◽  
N.V. Piterskaya ◽  
I.V. Starikova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dental Status ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Individual Approach ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Individual

52 patients aged 26 to 54 years (39 women and 13 men) with hypersensitivity of the teeth were examined. Taking into account the individual approach to the examination of patients, the dental status was determined, etiological factors, body features, the presence of somatic pathology, clinical manifestations of hypersensitivity of the teeth were determined, with the determination of the degree, prevalence and intensity of hyperesthesia. The study made it possible to make a rational choice of treatment and prevention measures, taking into account individual General and local manifestations of this pathology.

scholarly journals QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES AND METHODS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT (review)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
N. Pytetska
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Venous Diseases ◽  
History Of

QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASES AND METHODS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT (review)N.I. Pytetska Assessment of the quality of life is one of the leading directions in modern medicine and continues to develop intensively, remaining an integral part of comprehensive analysis of new methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This article provides information about the history of the concept "quality of life" and the ambiguity of terminology. Particular attention is paid to the necessity of studying this indicator in patients with chronic veins diseases, the relevance of this direction in the early stages of the disease, as well as medicines able to solve the main tasks of drug therapy, to restore work capacity and, as a result improve the patient's life quality.Key words: quality of life, chronic venous diseases, diosmin. ЯКІСТЬ ЖИТТЯ ХВОРИХ НА ХРОНІЧНІ ЗАХВОРЮВАННЯ ВЕН ТА МЕТОДИ ЇЇ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ (огляд)Питецька Н.І.Вивчення якості життя є одним із провідних напрямків сучасної медицини й продовжує інтенсивно розвиватись, залишаючись невід'ємною частиною всебічного аналізу нових методів діагностики, лікування і профілактики. У даній статті представлено інформацію про історію виникнення поняття «якість життя», неоднозначність термінології. Особливуувагу приділено необхідності оцінки даного показника у хворих на хронічні захворювання вен, актуальності цього напрямку на ранніх стадіях захворювання, а також  лікарським засобам, які здатні вирішувати основні завдання медикаментозної терапії, відновлювати працездатність і підвищувати якість життя пацієнта.Ключові слова: якість життя, хронічні захворювання вен, діосмін. КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ БОЛЬНЫХ С ХРОНИЧЕСКИМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ВЕН И МЕТОДЫ ЕГО УЛУЧШЕНИЯ (обзор)Питецкая Н.И.Изучение качества жизни является одним из ведущих направлений современной медицины и продолжает интенсивно развиваться, оставаясь неотъемлемой частью всестороннего анализа новых методов диагностики, лечения и профилактики. В данной статье представлена информация об истории возникновения понятия «качество жизни», неоднозначности терминологии. Особое внимание уделено необходимости оценки данного показателя у больных хроническими заболеванияи вен, актуальности этого направления на ранних стадиях заболевания, а также  лекарственным препаратам, которые способны решать основные задачи медикаментозной терапии, восстанавливать трудоспособность и повышать качество жизни пациента.Ключевые слова: качество жизни, хронические заболевания вен, диосмин. 

scholarly journals Post-stroke depression

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (34) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónika Schulte-Altedorneburg ◽  
Dániel Bereczki
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
First Year ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
High Level

Cerebrovascular diseases are associated with a high incidence of psychiatric disorders. Depressive illness after stroke has been extensively investigated during the last three decades. Post-stroke depression is estimated to occur in 30–35% of the patients during the first year after stroke. Numerous studies have given information on its prevalence, pathogenesis, clinical course, treatment and prevention. Despite the high level of comorbidity, depressive symptoms appear to remain frequently unrecognized and untreated. This has a negative effect on the rehabilitation, quality of live, cognitive function and mortality of stroke patients. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(34), 1335–1343.

Improvements in Interpersonal Functioning Following Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with Adolescents and their Association with Change in Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan H. Spence ◽  
Gabrielle O’Shea ◽  
Caroline L. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Young People ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interpersonal Functioning ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Treatment

Background: This study adds to the body of evidence regarding the theoretical underpinnings of interpersonal psychotherapy and the mechanisms through which it impacts upon depression in adolescents. Aims: The aims were to determine whether the interpersonal constructs proposed to underpin interpersonal psychotherapy do indeed change in response to this therapy and whether such changes are associated with changes in depression in young people. Method: Thirty-nine adolescents, aged 13–19 years, with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder, were randomly assigned in blocks to group or individual treatment. Assessments were conducted at pre and posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up. Results: The results supported the hypotheses, with significant improvements in social skills, social functioning, and the quality of parent-adolescent relationships, and an increase in secure attachment style and decrease in insecure attachment style being evident following treatment. Benefits were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Adolescents who showed greater reductions in depressive symptoms over this period tended to also show greater improvement in parent reported social skills, quality of the parent-adolescent relationship, and attachment style from pretreatment to 12-month follow-up. Conclusions: The findings are consistent with the proposed underpinnings of interpersonal psychotherapy. Adolescents showed significant improvements in interpersonal functioning and changes in attachment style following treatment, and changes in social skills, parent-adolescent conflict and attachment style were associated with reductions in depression. As such, the results add to the body of knowledge regarding the construct validity of interpersonal psychotherapy as an intervention for depression in young people. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Cuidados multiprofissionais relacionados à prevenção da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina Souza de Liz ◽  
Pollyana Bortholazzi Gouvea ◽  
Adriano Da Silva Acosta ◽  
Juliana Vieira de Araújo Sandri ◽  
Dagoberto Mior de Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Physical Therapist ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Team Working

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção da equipe multiprofissional acerca dos cuidados relacionados às medidas de prevenção a pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica. Método: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, qualitativo em que participou a equipe multiprofissional atuante em UTI. Resultados: Totalizaram 20 profissionais. Verificou-se que a equipe multiprofissional conhece algumas medidas preventivas, no entanto a enfermagem percebe o fisioterapeuta como protagonista neste processo. Conclusões: A pesquisa permitiu identificar a maneira como cada membro da equipe percebe a sua atuação e a atuação do outro.Palavras-chave: Infecção Hospitalar; Enfermagem; Controle de Infecções Objective: To know the perception of the multidisciplinary team about the care related to the prevention measures against ventilator-associated pneumonia. Method: This was a descriptive and qualitative study in which the multiprofessional team working in Intensive Care Unit participated. Results: Totaled 20 professionals. It was found that the multiprofessional team knows some preventive measures, however nursing refers to the physical therapist as a protagonist in this process. It was also noticed that the nurse has a fundamental role in maintaining care before the multiprofessional team. Conclusions: The study showed that the multiprofessional team demonstrates knowledge about the preventive measures related to ventilator-associated pneumonia, as well as the professionals seek to act continuously to improve the quality of care, aiming to ensure patient safety.Descriptors: Hospital Infection; Nursing; Infection Control. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción del equipo multidisciplinario sobre la atención relacionada con las medidas de prevención contra la neumonía asociada al ventilador. Método: Este fue un estudio descriptivo y cualitativo en el que participó el equipo multiprofesional que trabajaba en la Unidad Intensiva. Resultados: totalizaron 20 profesionales. Se encontró que el equipo multiprofesional conoce algunas medidas preventivas, sin embargo, la enfermería se refiere al fisioterapeuta como protagonista en este proceso. También se notó que la enfermera tiene un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de la atención ante el equipo multiprofesional. Conclusiones: El estudio mostró que el equipo multiprofesional demuestra conocimiento sobre las medidas preventivas relacionadas con la neumonía asociada al ventilador, así como que los profesionales buscan actuar continuamente para mejorar la calidad de la atención, con el objetivo de garantizar la seguridad del paciente.Descriptores: infección hospitalaria; Enfermería; Control de infecciones.

scholarly journals Strategies for patient therapy with chronic brain ischemia

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
O. V. Kurushina ◽  
A. E. Barulin ◽  
Yu. S. Vorobjeva
Keyword(s):  
Brain Ischemia ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Therapy Strategy ◽  
Chronic Brain Ischemia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Therapeutic Problem

The article is devoted to the analysis of various pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the formation of chronic brain ischemia. The authors discuss current trends in society, leading to a wide spread of cerebrovascular diseases: an increase in life expectancy and a constantly increasing level of psychosocial stresses. The paper considers the variety of clinical manifestations, course options, the pace of development of this pathology, diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties encountered by doctors treating this category of patients. Particular attention is paid to symptoms that prevent a full course of treatment and prevention of chronic cerebral ischemia, such as asthenia and impaired statolocomotor function. The leading pathogenetic mechanisms that play a role in the formation of these syndromes are discussed. Various approaches to the treatment of this pathological condition are considered. The possibility of using drugs with a multimodal effect is discussed. An analysis of a clinical case involving a patient with a long history of chronic brain ischemia is presented. The main factors that are obstacles to a full pathogenetically directed treatment are identified and ways to solve this therapeutic problem are given. The authors conclude that it is necessary to formulate a wellthought- out therapy strategy for this pathological condition, including timely, well-considered use of drugs with a neurotrophic, neuromodulating effect, which allows further measures, including non-pharmacological approaches. Particular attention is paid to the role of social support and physical activity for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.

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