scholarly journals EUROPEAN INTEGRATION: ADVANTAGES AND THREATS TO UKRAINE’S FOREIGN TRADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
ZUBKO Tetiana
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Association Agreement

Background. In terms of unfavorable external conditions and a significant deterioration of the socio-economic situation, the Ukrainian market has stagnated. Russia’s actions, including its unilateral suspension of the Free Trade Agreement, have led to a reduction in Ukraine's bilateral foreign trade operations. The processes of globalization and integration issue new challenges to the economy of any country, in particular, the questions of evaluation and stimulation of foreign trade of enterprises emerge in the conditions of constant transformation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identifytrends and features of Ukraine’s foreign trade in the context of globalization and integration. Materials and methods. The article is based on a synthesis of research results of domestic and foreign scientists to determine the main influencing factors of cooperation with the EU on the state of development of Ukraine’s foreign trade. Research on this issue was conducted using the methods of theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis. Results. Ukraine’s position in world trade is determined by the main factors: the dynamics of GDP, rating and index of economic freedom. The peculiarities of Ukraine's foreign trade over the last decade have been studied, the main partner countries; the main challenges that arise in our foreign trade as a result of European integration processes have been identified. It is proved that in the analysis of GDP it is expedient to use the indicator of GDP calculated on purchasing power parity. It is established that in the conditions of the world crisis, the war in the east caused the greatest damage to the economy of Ukraine. It was clarified that Ukraine needs to expand the geography of foreign trade relations, at the same time there is a significant unrealized potential for the development of bilateral relations with EU countries. Conclusion. Ukraine must follow the chosen course of European integration, but at the same must also develop other partnerships with countries on other continents. Unfortunately, Ukraine exports more raw materials and goods with low added value. Therefore, there is a need: to change the content of exports, to introduce tax and customs instruments to support exports, to amend the Association Agreement in terms of international trade. The structure of foreign trade does not stimulate Ukraine's economy to innovative development, so there is an urgent need for domestic policy reforms and changes in external priorities.

scholarly journals Structural and regional features of the development of Russia’s agri-food exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-132
Author(s):  
M. D. Goryachko ◽  
N. S. Leonenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Balassa Index

The recent interest in the topic of agri-food exports is caused by investment activity in agriculture after 2014 and, as a consequence, the positive dynamics of the main indicators of the industry's development. Russia’s food exports has grown more than 15 times since the early 2000s, and the dozens of countries around the world buy this food. At the same time, there are structural and regional features that indicate the limited results achieved in foreign trade, but Russia’s agri-food exports are growing only at the expense of three categories of goods (grain, vegetable oil and fish) with a lower added value than by top-processed food products. It is noted that despite the large number of importing countries, only a few of them purchase significant volumes of Russia’s food. The aim of the study is to quantify the regional differences in the involvement of the territory in the export of food and agricultural raw materials. The assessment showed that most of the Russia’s regions are poorly involved in foreign trade, therefore more than half of all food exports belong to several regions that have a large seaport and produce one of the three main food products. Based on the assessment results, a typology of Russia’s regions is presented according to the criterion of involvement in Russia’s export of agricultural products, taking into account the characteristics of exported products (upper, middle or lower processing). The results obtained make it possible to assess the real export activity of the agroindustrial sector of the regions and the potential for its increase in the future. To calculate the dynamics and regional distribution of Russia’s food exports we used the database of the Federal Customs Service of Russia (HS codes 01-24). In the article, we also calculated the Balassa index and the export diversification index, modified for analyzing the involvement of Russia’s regions in the export of agricultural products.

scholarly journals Brexit as a Factor behind the Evolution of ASEAN’s Trade in Services with the United Kingdom

2020 ◽  
pp. 310-326
Author(s):  
E.A. Galchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
The United Kingdom

The article examines the current transformation of ASEAN−UK foreign economic cooperation pattern in the context of digitalization of the global economy. Brexit as a manifestation of the European integration crisis has catalyzed diversification of Britain’s foreign trade in services. Southeast Asian nations are becoming the UK’s priority partner in this area. In these circumstances, parties have to choose the model of their future trade agreement and the degree of trade liberalization.

Development Prospects of Ukraine’s Foreign Trade in Agricultural Products in the Context of European Integration and Global Challenges

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1343
Author(s):  
Igor Y. MATYUSHENKO ◽  
Tatyana V. SHTAL ◽  
Lyudmila I. PIDDUBNA ◽  
Ivan O. PIDDUBNYI ◽  
Yuliia M. KVITKA
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Eu

The aim of the article is to determine the status and prospects and to propose recommendations for the development of Ukraine’s foreign trade in agro-industrial products in the context of European integration and global challenges. To achieve this aim, the article investigates the significance of the agrarian complex for Ukraine’s economy, defines the most promising types of agro-industrial products in terms of exports using dynamic statistical, comparative, and correlation-regression analyses, and proposes respective recommendations. Was made a conclusion that Ukraine has a significant share in the world market of grain crops and exceeds the EU indicators for the exports of wheat, barley and maize. The recommendations for improving the positions of Ukraine as an exporter of agro-industrial products suggested in the article include as follows: (1) in order to change raw-based exports of these products, Ukraine has to change the exports towards finished products with a high added value, in particular, organic products that are relatively expensive in the EU countries due to the complexity of their cultivation; (2) technical re-equipment of the agro-industrial complex, which requires considerable capital investments; (3) implementation of the technologies of adaptive soil-protecting farming to prevent degradation of agricultural land; (4) implementation of the modern infrastructure of Ukraine’s agrarian market as proposed by the authors.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MECHANISMS OF REGULATING THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Serhii Smerichevskyi ◽  
Svitlana Gura
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the strategic mechanisms for regulating the European integration development of air transport in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the imperatives of European integration development of air transport of Ukraine, defined in the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the one part, and Ukraine, on the other part. Quantitative research is based on the analysis of the volume and structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade in air transport services, calculation of the export-import coverage ratio, determination of the share of transport and air transport services in aggregate services in total foreign trade, including with the EU. Results of the paper consist in assessing the impact of the external environment on the European integration development of the Ukrainian aviation transport. The conclusion was reached on its turbulence, complexity and contradiction, while the advantageous geographical location and strategic positions of Ukraine in the region were determined as the main favorable factors. The research also singles out the following negative signs of the external environment: declining competitiveness of the Russian-Asian lanes for domestic air carriers, localization of air services in connection with hostilities in the East of Ukraine; restriction of air traffic in the context of preventive measures to combat the spread of coronavirus infection; insufficient material and technical base: lack of funding, outdated technologies, low level of innovation, environmental friendliness, safety, insufficient quality of transport services, limited social benefits; aimed at ratification of the CAA Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, as well as the draft Aviation Transport Strategy of Ukraine. The present research also identified such negative effects of COVID-19 on the development of air transport, as: a significant decrease in air passenger transport services and airlines’ revenues, a decrease in the rating of world aviation, termination and bankruptcy of a number of airlines and airports due to air traffic restrictions. It determined the place of air transport services in the system of foreign economic trade in services with the EU countries, and developed measures to increase them. Practical implications consist in the elaboration of the main strategic guidelines for the development of aviation: introduction of a simplified procedure for implementing the provisions of EU legislation into the legislation of Ukraine; ensuring environmental safety and energy saving of civil aviation facilities; innovative renewal of aircraft fleet and reduction of their harmful impact on the environment through the introduction of the latest technologies; settlement of issues relating to the establishment of airport charges for the servicing of aircraft and passengers at Ukrainian airports; development of airport infrastructure; creation of multimodal cargo complexes; approximation of SAAU and European Commission requirements to certification systems in the areas of primary airworthiness, airworthiness maintenance and maintenance of aircraft and its components; expansion of Ukraine’s voluntary participation in the program of compensation and reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from international aviation within the CORSIA program, introduction of administrative procedures for monitoring emissions by operators of civil aircraft on international flights under the MRV standards. Value/originality. The present research substantiates strategic foundations of the institutional transformations of the development of aviation transport in the context of the European integration choice of Ukraine and the transition to monovectorality, elimination of defects of dependence on the trajectory of the preceding traffic and polyvectorality. It also proposes legal, policy, investment and infrastructure integration mechanisms.

scholarly journals Problems of functioning and directions of agro-food chains development in the conditions of turbulence strengthening

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
O.O. Varchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Stage Of Development

The article substantiates scientic and methodological approaches and principles of distribution, formation, effectiveness, effciency of functioning and development of agri-food chains. It is determined that agro-food chains have acquired the most significant economic and social importance for the inclusion of small producers in the processes of practical production cooperation, which prompted the requirements related to the specifics of the technology of production of finished food products. The main factors that provoke the emergence of extremely contradictory and diverse phenomena in the development of agri-food chains include: globalization of international relations, intensification of turbulent phenomena and processes in the world economy, the entry of advanced countries to new economic frontiers. For the current stage of development of the national economy, the practical implementation of one of the key objectives of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union was of paramount importance. For the purpose of periodic audit of HACCP-certified food processing enterprises, the specified structure of business entities that ensure the production of finished food and other products is highlighted. These calculations show that in 2018 in Ukraine the producers of agricultural raw materials were 49550 farms/enterprises and 23822 natural personsentrepreneurs who are oficially registered and represent the primary link in the food chain. The next link in the agri-food chain are processors of raw materials of primary production, which in Ukraine in 2018 were 5872 enterprises and 10845 individual entrepreneurs, of which 157 enterprises and 1016 sole proprietors produce non-food products. The analysis allows us to conclude that now the producers of food raw materials have the following situation: a) Àexible or simplified permanent procedures, certified (or tested) their facilities for compliance with the minimum requirements of basic programs; b) the second part, mainly FOPs and PF, continue to operate traditionally, ie without paying special attention to the time requirements for the implementation of systematic security procedures. It is established that in practice, some producers of food raw materials, with different levels of tightness, depth of processing and value creation, are already included in agri-food chains. Taking into account the objectively existing tendencies of spontaneous, at the initial stage mainly seasonal occurrence, and further deepening and strengthening of interrelations between actors, the hierarchy of formation and sustainable development of food chains is offered. Key words: agro-food chains, economic turbulence, agricultural raw materials, personal farms, processing and food enterprises, sustainable development, added value.

scholarly journals Trade of the EAEU Countries in Agricultural Products: Trends, Conflicts, Factors

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-134
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Ivanova ◽  
Artyom V. Latyshov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Priority Project

The article is devoted to the analysis of domestic and foreign trade of the Eurasian economic Union (EAEU) of agri-food products; identification and assessment of current trends, growth factors and imbalances in the light of efforts to create a unified agricultural policy of the member States of the Union. It is determined that Russia's successful implementation of the priority project «Export of agricultural products» contributed to the increase in grain exports to third countries in spite of the limited effective demand within the EAEU. The largest contribution to exports within the five countries, especially in terms of livestock products, makes Belarus with a significant negative balance of its trade in agricultural products with countries outside the Union. The free trade agreement with Vietnam stimulates export from Russia with mainly wheat, which strengthens its position as a source of agricultural raw materials without shifting the focus to products of deep processing. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that agriculture is officially recognized as a strategic industry, and food security is an integral part of the national security of the country. It is of interest to study the formation of a single agricultural market within the EAEU and the realities of foreign trade with third countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of the dynamics of gross domestic product and external economic activity of the Russian Federation for 2013−2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Oleg Ilyasovich Katlishin ◽  
Alexander Sergeevich Baleevskikh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Purchasing Power Parity ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Power Parity ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation

Currently, the Russian Federation is a significant geopolitical and economic player in the modern global world, it has its own interests and traditional partnerships with most states, including business representatives of those countries that are trying to restrain its development through restrictions and partial isolation from global development opportunities . Despite the sanctions and the unfavorable world market conditions, the Russian economy showed high plasticity, stability and adaptability to external changes, which was reflected in the positive dynamics of foreign trade growth in the existing conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of official statistics on economic growth and foreign trade in the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2018. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: 1) an analysis of the dynamics of the gross domestic product of the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2018; 2) the role of foreign trade in the gross domestic product of the country is estimated through the calculation of foreign economic quotas; 3) analyzed the dynamics of foreign trade, imports and exports of the Russian Federation; 4) revealed the shares of product groups in the structure of exports and imports, as well as the most significant counterparties of the Russian Federation. The hypothesis of the study was the thesis of the interdependence of the volume of economic growth and foreign economic activity, including taking into account changes in foreign economic conditions. The article provides a retrospective analysis of the dynamics of economic growth in terms of nominal value and purchasing power parity, as well as the dynamics of foreign trade of the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2018. A preliminary forecast of foreign trade volumes for 2019 is given. The calculation of foreign economic, export and import quotas for the same period. The Russian specifics of the dynamics and structure of export supplies and import flows, as well as the structure of both imports and exports by counteragent countries and enlarged groups of the commodity nomenclature of foreign economic activity, are examined. For the period under review, the nominal GDP fell by 28.8%, while in terms of purchasing power parity, the Russian economy grew by 5.7% over the same period. At the same time, the largest drawdown in the economy occurred in the middle of the period; in recent years, the situation in the economy has improved. The role of foreign trade in the formation of GDP during the period was relatively stable, with the exception of 2018, when the foreign trade quota sharply increased (as well as export and import). The dynamics of foreign trade and export quotas in the Russian Federation are almost identical, while imports depend on export earnings. For the study period, foreign trade turnover of the Russian Federation decreased by 18.4%, export volumes decreased by 14.8%, import purchases decreased by 24.5%. The main problem of the economy and foreign economic activity remains its dependence on the export of mineral products.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE’S INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Eu

Ukraine's foreign trade is one of the most important means of increasing the state budget, and the European Union is the strongest global economic organization, the largest and best regional market in the world. Therefore, the study of the problems of economic cooperation between Ukraine and the EU in the context of wide and favorable access of domestic enterprises products to the EU markets is becoming increasingly important for achieving a strategic goal. This goal concludes the development of Ukraine`s economy and achievement of a rightful place in the international differentiation of labor. The article considered the socio-economic nature, role and importance of international trade; main problems and prospects of Ukraine's trade with the EU as well as its dynamics and structure, various methods which are applied to analyze the current state of foreign trade of Ukraine with the EU. In our work we analyzed the obstacles of trading between Ukraine and the EU, ways to overcome them and benefits of this trade. The application of the Free Trade Area between Ukraine and the EU contributes to the gradual expansion of Ukrainian export access to European markets under the Association Agreement. The execution of this agreement for Ukrainian business entities simplified the entry to the protected domestic market of EU Member States and gave the opportunity to realize its own competitive benefits in purchase quality and price. Under this Free Trade Agreement Ukraine assumed not only opportunities but also certain obligations on improvement of quality standards and product safety, implementation of reforms in the area of technical regulation, development of quality assurance system and safety food industry. The simplification of goods access to other markets is indirect benefit for Ukrainian manufactures. The entry to the EU markets with high level standards automatically indicates goods quality.

scholarly journals Analysis of external and internal influences on CR agrarian foreign trade

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 422-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vološin ◽  
L. Smutka ◽  
R. Selby
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Market Liberalisation ◽  
Varied Composition ◽  
Competitive Nature

The agrarian sector has a non-substitutable position in most world economics – including the CR. From the viewpoint of functioning of own agrarian trade it can be stated that the CR is roughly self-sufficient by 70–80% in products of a competitive nature. In case of products of a non-competitive nature, the CR shows almost zero self-sufficiency. It means that agrarian foreign trade occupies a non-substitutable position in the CR economy (at least from the export point of view). In the light of our own trade flows, the CR performs as an active exporter and importer (about 100 billion and 130 billion CZK respectively, in 2009). However, together with the still growing needs of the national economy and the inhabitants’ requirements for a varied composition of agri‑food products, the CR does not succeed in the long term to decrease the negative balance of the agrarian foreign trade. It is, however, indisputable that if a serious discussion should be held about the competitiveness of Czech agriculture in confrontation with foreign producers or suppliers of agricultural and food products, the priority task to reach a balanced agrarian foreign trade balance can be accepted only for the competitive products segment. The complexity of a greater participation of the basic Czech agricultural and food products on the EU unified market deepens simultaneously with the acceleration of the liberalisation process on this market. The gradual process of the world agrarian market liberalisation then means that the cost and price relationships are determined by such world producers as are able to offer agrarian products for the most advantageous prices, or offer goods of exceptional quality, with a high added value, brand products, national specialties and so on. Potentially, the space for improvement of the active balance of agrarian foreign trade (AFT) is given to us in much the same way as to our competitors, but actually, our possibilities are limited. The stagnation or even growth of the negative AFT balance was, and is influenced by non-substitutable imports of non-competitive food raw materials and foodstuff products and many other raw materials required by the non-agricultural sectors of the national economy.

scholarly journals The European Integration Challenges of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (513) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
O. V. Kuklin ◽  
◽  
R. F. Pustoviit ◽  
M. Y. Kryvoruchko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
European Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article is concerned with an analysis of Ukraine’s European integration challenges, which are considered from the position of the effectiveness of foreign trade, as well as in light of the institutional challenges of the European integration course. According to the results of research, both the dynamics and the structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade relations with the EU Member States, the CIS and Asia countries are analyzed. It is defined that the focus on the European Union market prevented domestic exporters from reaching the pre-crisis levels of 2013. The resource nature of the national exports to the EU is underlined. The high level of interdependence in the sphere of foreign trade relations with former partners of Ukraine in the CIS – the Russian Federation and Belarus, especially in the field of imports of fuel and energy resources, and export of nuclear reactors, boilers, machines, railway locomotives, products of inorganic chemistry, is emphasized. It is determined that Ukraine’s implementation of the Ukraine-EU Association Agreement is at a low level of 43%. The authors characterize the main tendencies in Europe as to the quality of life of the population on the basis of two indicators - the proportion of households that barely make ends meet (Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Cyprus, Portugal, Romania), and have unsatisfactory living conditions (Cyprus, Latvia, Hungary, Portugal, Slovenia) - the values of which are much higher compared to the average level in the EU. The general conclusion on the ambiguity of the issue of the effectiveness of the national economy’s orientedness toward the market of the European Union has been drawn. The need to take into account the multi-vector nature of the modern globalized world in the process of researching the impact of European integration on the economic development of Ukraine is reasoned.

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