Health benefits of barley for diabetes

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders in the United States. Increased blood glucose levels and improper crucial metabolism ensuing from insulin action, insulin secretion defect, or both are characteristics of this disease. The risk of developing T2D is associated with many factors, including obesity, race, inactivity, and genetics. Increased whole-grain (WG) consumption has been reported to lower the risk of obesity and T2D. Among WGs, barley shows a comparative advantage in its fiber content, especially the soluble fiber, beta-glucan (β-glucan), an active component credited for this benefit. Barley also contains important phytochemicals, mostly intertwined with its fiber, reported to also offer glycemic response benefits. The mechanism by which barley exerts these changes in glycemic response is not entirely understood. However, the physical properties of barley fiber, the function of microbial metabolites of fiber, short chain fatty acids, and the beneficial effects of its phytochemicals through multiple pathways have all been reported as the potential mechanisms for its antidiabetic effects. This review summarizes recent studies concerning the health-promoting benefit of barley in preventing and moderating the risk factors associated with diabetes and the potential underlying mechanisms.

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Management of Diabetes Mellitus with Puerarin, a Natural Isoflavone FromPueraria lobata

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x18500891 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (08) ◽

pp. 1771-1789 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Xiuping Chen ◽

Jie Yu ◽

Jingshan Shi

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Pueraria Lobata ◽

Eastern Asia ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Glycation End Products ◽

Low Toxicity ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become one of the most challenging public health problems globally. The increasing prevalence and mortality rates call for more effective therapeutic agents, especially for DM complications. Traditional herbs have a long clinical application history for DM treatment. Puerarin is a natural isoflavone from Pueraria lobata (Wild.) Ohwi which has been consumed both as a functional food and herb in Eastern Asia countries. Documented data has shown that puerarin has cardio-protective, neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and many other effects. In this review, we will summarize the beneficial effects and underlying mechanisms of puerarin on DM and complications. Puerarin may directly benefit DM by decreasing blood glucose levels, improving insulin resistance, protecting islets, inhibiting inflammation, decreasing oxidative stress and inhibiting Maillard reaction and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation. Furthermore, puerarin may also benefit DM indirectly by retarding and improving a series of DM complications, such as cardiovascular complications, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, etc. However, comprehensive studies of its effect and mechanisms are needed. In addition, its efficacy is relatively low, which is partially due to its pharmacokinetics profiles. Though puerarin shows low toxicity to experimental animals, its safety on human remains to be clarified. Collectively, we suggest that puerarin might be a potential adjuvant agent for the treatment of DM and DM complications in future.

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Two Exercise Programs for People with Diabetes and Visual Impairment

Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness ◽

10.1177/0145482x9308700916 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 87 (9) ◽

pp. 365-367

Author(s):

J. Dods

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Visual Impairment ◽

The United States ◽

Exercise Programs ◽

Daily Lives ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Basic Model ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Exercise Regimen

This article describes two programs—one in Australia and one in the United States—that teach people with diabetes and visual impairment to incorporate proper diets and exercise into their daily lives and hence to gain better control of their blood glucose levels. It also presents a basic model of an exercise regimen that clients can perform at home.

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Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Estefanía Bravo-Sánchez ◽

Donovan Peña-Montes ◽

Sarai Sánchez-Duarte ◽

Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽

Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Oxidase Inhibitor ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Transport Chain ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study’s goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.

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Acute Effect of Chili Consumption on Thermogenesis and Glycemic Response Following Oral Glucose Load in Men

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.19:288-294 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 288-294

Author(s):

Muriel Ávila-Seguel ◽

Constanza Márquez-Urrizola ◽

Gislaine Granfeldt ◽

Katia Saez-Carrillo ◽

Javad Sharifi-Rad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Effect ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental

Hypoglycemic and thermogenic effects are attributed to the capsaicinoid compounds (capsaicin). The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effect of the consumption of 5g of chili pepper on thermogenesis and the glycemic response. In a pretest-post-test quasi-experimental study, the energy expenditure (EE) of 15 healthy men was evaluated by using indirect calorimetry at rest and with the consumption of 5g of Capsicum annum. In addition, the glycemic response after an oral glucose load was evaluated. After the consumption of C. annum, there was a significant increase in the EE of all the participants during the first few seconds postchili consumption. In sedentary participants, the consumption of chili pepper caused a significant decrease of blood glucose levels. The consumption of chili pepper has a potential immediate thermogenic effect during the first few seconds and, in sedentary people, it has a potential hypoglycemic effect.

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The Role of Biomaterials in Insulin Delivery Systems

The International Journal of Artificial Organs ◽

10.1177/039139888000300513 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 299-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.D. Bruck

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glucose Sensor ◽

Insulin Delivery ◽

The United States ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Open Loop ◽

Health Concern ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels

The control of blood glucose levels in diabetes involving devices are critically reviewed, and the role of blood-contacting biomaterial components analyzed. These include mechanical insulin-delivery systems of the closed-loop type that require an electronic glucose sensor and feedback, and open-loop systems that deliver insulin without a sensor and feedback. Whole pancreatic and islet transplantations, islet encapsulation, and the potential role of polymeric sustained drug delivery systems are discussed. The medical and social impacts of diabetes mellitus are of prime public health concern and of even greater magnitude than those of heart disease in the United States. While future advances in device design, miniaturization, and biometrials technology will significantly add to the arsenal of therapeutic alternatives, devices capable of controlling blood glucose levels ought to be viewed as mere interim phases rather than as final goals of the problem.

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Leptin contributes to the beneficial effects of insulin treatment in streptozotocin-diabetic male mice

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00159.2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 315 (6) ◽

pp. E1264-E1273

Author(s):

Ursula H. Neumann ◽

Michelle M. Kwon ◽

Robert K. Baker ◽

Timothy J. Kieffer

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Daily Injection ◽

Diabetic Mice ◽

Glucose Lowering ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Lowering Effect ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Glucose Lowering Effect

It was long thought that the only hormone capable of reversing the catabolic consequences of diabetes was insulin. However, various studies have demonstrated that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin can robustly lower blood glucose levels in rodent models of insulin-deficient diabetes. In addition, it has been suggested that some of the metabolic manifestations of insulin-deficient diabetes are due to hypoleptinemia as opposed to hypoinsulinemia. Because insulin therapy increases leptin levels, we sought to investigate the contribution of leptin to the beneficial effects of insulin therapy. To do this, we tested insulin therapy in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice that were either on an ob/ ob background or that were given a leptin antagonist to determine if blocking leptin action would blunt the glucose-lowering effects of insulin therapy. We found that STZ diabetic ob/ ob mice have a diminished blood glucose-lowering effect in response to insulin therapy compared with STZ diabetic controls and exhibited more severe weight loss post-STZ injection. In addition, STZ diabetic mice administered a leptin antagonist through daily injection or plasmid expression respond less robustly to insulin therapy as assessed by both fasting blood glucose levels and blood glucose levels during an oral glucose tolerance test. However, leptin antagonism did not prevent the insulin-induced reduction in β-hydroxybutyrate and triglyceride levels. Therefore, we conclude that elevated leptin levels can contribute to the glucose-lowering effect of insulin therapy in insulin-deficient diabetes.

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Glycemic response of Emblica officinalis powder-incorporated Indian recipes

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-04-2020-0118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Shonima Venugopal ◽

Uma Iyer ◽

Richa Sanghvi

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Glycemic Response ◽

Emblica Officinalis ◽

Physiological Basis ◽

Content Type ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Capillary Sampling ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Overnight Fasting

Purpose Glycemic index (GI) is a physiological basis for ranking carbohydrate foods based on the blood glucose responses they produce after ingestion. Emblica officinalis (E. officinalis) is a medicinal plant that purportedly has hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic properties. This study aims to determine the glycemic and lipemic responses of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder-incorporated recipes. Design/methodology/approach Two sets of four equicarbohydrate (50 g) recipes (vegetable cutlet, handvo, muthiya and methi thepla) were developed, one without E. officinalis powder incorporation (standard) and one with E. officinalis powder incorporation at the 2 g level (test). After overnight fasting, 50 g glucose, standard and test recipes were administered to healthy adult volunteers at different instances (each 3–4 days apart) and blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 min for 2 h. The glycemic response and GI values were then calculated. Findings Among the standard recipes, lowest glycemic response was obtained by methi thepla (60.90 ± 15.54) and highest glycemic response by handvo (90.57 ± 33.88). Incorporation of E. officinalis powder brought about a non-significant reduction in the GI of methi thepla (p = 0.94), vegetable cutlet (p = 0.54), muthiya (p = 0.69) and handvo (p = 0.09). Maximum per cent reduction was for handvo, which shifted from the high to medium GI category. The lipemic response was lowest with muthiya, showing a fall in triacylglycerol (TG) levels (3.9%). E. officinalis powder incorporation in muthiya led to a further fall (7.8%) in TG levels. Originality/value Incorporation of freeze-dried E. officinalis powder in Indian recipes can bring about a reduction in the postprandial glycemic and lipemic responses.

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Preventive Effect of Salicylate and Pyridoxamine on Diabetic Nephropathy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/1786789 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarek Kamal Abouzed ◽

Seiichi Munesue ◽

Ai Harashima ◽

Yusuke Masuo ◽

Yukio Kato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Macrophage Infiltration ◽

Gene Expressions ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Developmental Factors ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Long Acting

Objective. Diabetic nephropathy is a life-threatening complication in patients with long-standing diabetes. Hemodynamic, inflammatory, and metabolic factors are considered as developmental factors for diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we evaluated whether pharmacological interventions with salicylate, compared to pyridoxamine, could prevent diabetic nephropathy in mice. Methods. Male mice overexpressing inducible nitric oxide synthase in pancreatic β-cells were employed as a diabetic model. Salicylate (3 g/kg diet) or pyridoxamine (1 g/L drinking water; ~200 mg/kg/day) was given for 16 weeks to assess the development of diabetic nephropathy. Treatment with long-acting insulin (Levemir 2 units/kg twice a day) was used as a control. Results. Although higher blood glucose levels were not significantly affected by pyridoxamine, early to late stage indices of nephropathy were attenuated, including kidney enlargement, albuminuria, and increased serum creatinine, glomerulosclerosis, and inflammatory and profibrotic gene expressions. Salicylate showed beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy similar to those of pyridoxamine, which include lowering blood glucose levels and inhibiting macrophage infiltration into the kidneys. Attenuation of macrophage infiltration into the kidneys and upregulation of antiglycating enzyme glyoxalase 1 gene expression were found only in the salicylate treatment group. Conclusions. Treatment with salicylate and pyridoxamine could prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy in mice and, therefore, would be a potentially useful therapeutic strategy against kidney problems in patients with diabetes.

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Gastrin induces ductal cell dedifferentiation and β-cell neogenesis after 90% pancreatectomy

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-14-0222 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 223 (1) ◽

pp. 67-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Noèlia Téllez ◽

Eduard Montanya

Keyword(s):

Cell Mass ◽

Β Cell ◽

Neurogenin 3 ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Ductal Cells ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Morphometric Analyses ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Mass Expansion

Induction of β-cell mass regeneration is a potentially curative treatment for diabetes. We have recently found that long-term gastrin treatment results in improved metabolic control and β-cell mass expansion in 95% pancreatectomised (Px) rats. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of gastrin-induced β-cell mass expansion after Px. After 90%-Px, rats were treated with gastrin (Px+G) or vehicle (Px+V), pancreatic remnants were harvested on days 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 and used for gene expression, protein immunolocalisation and morphometric analyses. Gastrin- and vehicle-treated Px rats showed similar blood glucose levels throughout the study. Initially, after Px, focal areas of regeneration, showing mesenchymal cells surrounding ductal structures that expressed the cholecystokinin B receptor, were identified. These focal areas of regeneration were similar in size and cell composition in the Px+G and Px+V groups. However, in the Px+G group, the ductal structures showed lower levels of keratin 20 and β-catenin (indicative of duct dedifferentiation) and higher levels of expression of neurogenin 3 and NKX6-1 (indicative of endocrine progenitor phenotype), as compared with Px+V rats. In Px+G rats, β-cell mass and the number of scattered β-cells were significantly increased compared with Px+V rats, whereas β-cell replication and apoptosis were similar in the two groups. These results indicate that gastrin treatment-enhanced dedifferentiation and reprogramming of regenerative ductal cells in Px rats, increased β-cell neogenesis and fostered β-cell mass expansion.

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The Beneficial Effects of SesaVitaTM on Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose Levels in Subjects With Prediabetes and Mild-To-Moderate Hyperlipidemia in India

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n5p104 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (5) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. N. Shivaprasad ◽

M. Bhanumathy ◽

Ceyhun Tamer ◽

G. Sushma ◽

K. R. Raveendra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Normal Ranges

Individuals suffering from Type 2 diabetes develop prediabetes before progression of diabetes. In case of prediabetes people, the blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not sufficient to be diagnosed as diabetes. On the basis of existing reports on Sesame extract, SesaVitaTM which is an herbal food supplement containing Sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) extract may provide an option for management of prediabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the beneficial effects of SesaVitaTM in prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia subjects. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study comprised of 13 female and 07 male patients with prediabetes and mild to moderate hyperlipidemia, aged between 18 and 65 years. Twenty subjects were randomized to receive SesaVitaTM (500 mg/day) or placebo along with therapeutic lifestyle changes for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the measure of efficacy in terms of change in serum lipid profile and glycaemic levels on week 3 and 6. Secondary outcome measures include safety and tolerability evaluated by physical examination and clinical laboratory evaluations. Improvements in lipid profile and glycaemic levels were observed in SesaVitaTM treated group when compared with placebo and baseline. A statistical significant reduction was observed in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels during week 3 and 6 when treated with SesaVitaTM extract. No adverse events occurred and all safety parameters were within normal ranges during the study. This study revealed that the treatment with SesaVitaTM was safe and well tolerated; may be beneficial in the management of prediabetes and mild-to-moderate hyperlipidemia.

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