Collective contradictions of "corporate" environmental conservation

Focaal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 (60) ◽  
pp. 47-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Conservation Organizations

Relationships emerging between corporate actors and environmental conservation organizations range from partnerships in field operations to gifts brokered at the upper echelons of corporate and nongovernmental organization (NGO) management. Drawing on Mauss’s original formulation of “the gift,” I consider the social consequences and contexts of these relationships, over various territorial and temporal scales. I argue that recent critiques of conservation NGOs for having “sold out” to corporate interests obscure a more nuanced view of such relationships, their roots in the history of wildlife conservation under colonial circumstances, and their connections to new modes of hybrid environmental governance. These latter include transformations in corporate practice vis-à-vis consumer preference, processes of certification, and educational impacts on professional training for industry personnel, as well as the adoption by many NGOs of terminologies and planning processes from the corporate world. These relational norms and institutional transformations make any oversimplified notion of corporate responsibility insufficient with respect to environmental sectors.

Land-Use Planning, Digital Technologies, and Environmental Conservation in Tanzania

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Huggins
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
External Intervention

Participatory land-use planning (LUP) is often promoted as a solution to various environment-related challenges. In Tanzania, planning processes often represent a stage in the conversion of village lands to different uses, such as wildlife conservation or large-scale farming. LUP in Tanzania is frequently dominated by powerful local, national, or international elites, resulting in loss of rights over village land despite the opposition of many villagers. Contemporary planning involves digital technologies such as global positioning system units, which enable easier storage and sharing of geospatial data. Using assemblage theory, and based on key informant interviews conducted in Arusha and Kilimanjaro Regions of Tanzania in 2015, this article shows that LUP, particularly when it involves digital technologies, is used to not only to change land uses but also to strengthen linkages between different organizations, reinforce certain narratives of environmental change, and legitimize particular forms of external intervention.

Formation and Development of the Pre-Professional Training System of Foreign Medical Applicants in Ukraine (Historical and Educational Aspect)

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Iana Proskurkina
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Students ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Effective System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University ◽  
History Of Formation ◽  
Educational Aspect

Abstract The growing number of foreign applicants looking forward to getting education in Ukrainian medical universities makes us find the ways how to improve and make effective the pre-professional training system of foreign medical applicants for further education. The article deals with the issues of the history of formation and development of the preprofessional training system of foreign medical applicants in Ukraine. On the ground of the electronic databases of the official websites of higher educational establishments, the data on years of opening first offices of the dean, departments and preparatory faculties for foreign medical applicants in Ukrainian medical universities are analyzed and systematized. Also the data on the setting up preparatory faculties at other universities who carry out licensed training of foreign students of the medical profile are presented. The data on the operating and management of such institutions in the system of the University administration are generalized. It’s revealed that during the years of its functioning the pre-professional training has changed, in particular the system was commercialized and the institutions involved in training foreign applicants have been reorganized. The modern trends in teaching foreign medical students at the preparatory faculties of the Ukrainian medical universities are displayed. Based on the analysis of the data it is concluded that the system of the pre-professional training of foreign medical applicants was set up in the 50s-60s years of the twentieth century. During this time, some positive experience in the preparation of future international medical specialists has been gained. The system of the pre-professional training of foreign medical applicants has been comprehensively improved and an effective system of managing foreign medical applicants has been created.

scholarly journals Our Voices Matter: Using Lived Experience to Promote Equity in Problem Gambling Prevention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Ortiz ◽  
Rachael Cain ◽  
Scott W. Formica ◽  
Rebecca Bishop ◽  
Haner Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Community Voice ◽  
Men Of Color ◽  
History Of ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Gambling Prevention

Abstract Purpose of Review The field of problem gambling has been historically disconnected from the community experience of gambling and people of color, leading to a lack of integration of those with lived experience into programming. The aim of this article is to describe community-centered efforts to prevent and mitigate harm from problem gambling in Massachusetts—including a pilot program, the Massachusetts Ambassador Project, which is grounded within public health and lived experience frameworks. Recent Findings To engage Massachusetts communities in problem gambling prevention, planning processes were conducted to develop culturally appropriate prevention strategies. One of the recurrent themes was the desire of men in the substance misuse recovery community to share their knowledge with others, specifically, men of color who experience racism and health disparities. This finding informed the development of the Ambassador Project, a novel, peer-based, community-centered, and culturally responsive approach for men of color who have a history of substance misuse to engage other men of color in problem gambling prevention. Two organizations pilot tested the project and reached 4388 individuals. The pilot led to several findings in the design and implementation of related projects. Lessons are shared in three categories: structure, support, and implementation. Summary This article demonstrates an innovative approach to connect the field of problem gambling prevention to the community experience, using a public health and social justice lens. Others in the field should acknowledge the disconnect between problem gambling and the lived experience of those disproportionately impacted by creating opportunities for community voice to be at the center of programming.

Surviving Troubled Times on the Borders of China: Sheng Shicai as a Successful Warlord in Xinjiang, 1931–34

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhi Ou
Keyword(s):  
Professional Training ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Early Republican

Abstract Ethnicity, religion, and geopolitics affect historians’ interpretations of the history of Xinjiang, a very chaotic frontier region of China that did not come fully under the control of the People’s Republic of China until recent decades. The case of Sheng Shicai, an early Republican Era Chinese military officer, shows how professional training and, most importantly, the ability to capitalize on emerging opportunities contributed to his military success in Xinjiang from 1931 to 1934. This paper analyzes the Republic of China’s government documents, Sheng and his acquaintances’ memoirs, newspaper articles, and other sources to examine how Sheng applied his military training and employed regional and foreign military forces to win battles in northern Xinjiang. Professional military training helped officers to utilize their resources efficiently and take advantage of their geopolitical situations. Amid numerous talented Chinese military officers, Sheng rose in rank and successfully secured Xinjiang as a part of the Republic of China even when Xinjiang’s geopolitics seemed extremely challenging. This study highlights the value of Sheng’s military prowess, something that the literature has not previously appreciated.

scholarly journals The State of Clinical Librarianship in Canada: a Review of the Literature, 1970–2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Halbert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Job Titles ◽  
Medical Librarian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Insight Into

This paper examines the history of clinical librarianship in Canada from 1970 to 2013 as seen through the lens of practitioner narratives and published literature. While no reviews of clinical librarianship in Canada were found in the literature search, there were many project descriptions in articles and published reports that have provided insight into the field during its formative period in Canada from the 1970s. In addition to tracing narrative histories from 1970 to 2013, the author has continued to wonder why these important stories have never properly been told. Was it because the scope of clinical librarianship, its expected and embodied professional duties, was not regulated (as it is in the United States and United Kingdom)? Is it because the American Library Association accredited library schools in Canada do not offer appropriate curricula and professional training? It seems clear that some librarians in Canada were pioneers in the way that Gertrude Lamb was in the United States, but they did not call themselves clinical librarians. Consequently, they opted for more generic job titles such as medical librarian and health librarian. Whatever the reasons for this, it is within this framework that the author begins an exploration of clinical librarianship in Canada. The paper's aim is to provide a view into clinical librarianship in Canada back to the 1970s to ensure the story is properly told.

scholarly journals Environmental governance: A practical framework to guide design, evaluation, and analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
Terre Satterfield
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Design Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Design ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Management And Conservation ◽  
Rich History

Governance is one of the most important factors for ensuring effective environmental management and conservation actions. Yet, there is still a relative paucity of comprehensive and practicable guidance that can be used to frame the evaluation, design, and analysis of systems of environmental governance. This conceptual review and synthesis article seeks to addresses this problem through resituating the broad body of governance literature into a practical framework for environmental governance. Our framework builds on a rich history of governance scholarship to propose that environmental governance has four general aims or objectives – to be effective, to be equitable, to be responsive, and to be robust. Each of these four objectives need to be considered simultaneously across the institutional, structural, and procedural elements of environmental governance. Through a review of the literature, we developed a set of attributes for each of these objectives and relate these to the overall capacity, functioning, and performance of environmental governance. Our aim is to provide a practical and adaptable framework that can be applied to the design, evaluation, and analysis of environmental governance in different social and political contexts, to diverse environmental problems and modes of governance, and at a range of scales.

scholarly journals CASE TECHNOLOGIES IN BILINGUAL TRAINING OF SOCIAL SPHERE SPECIALISTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 240-251
Author(s):  
Nataliia Seiko ◽  
Svitlana Sytniakivska ◽  
Nadiia Pavlyk
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Pedagogical Design ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Technologies ◽  
Bilingual Learning ◽  
Information Personalization

The purpose of the study is to characterize the content and possibility of using bilingual case technologies in future social workers training. To achieve this goal, methods of theoretical analysis of the scientific literature on the content, objectives, structure of case technologies; pedagogical design of a bilingual case; classification of case-types depending on the educational purpose are used. The article describes various aspects of the problem of design and implementation of case technologies social workers’ professional training. The history of the origin of cases as a learning tool is clarified. The interconnection of case studies with other methods of teaching and professional training is substantiated. The leading tasks of the case method (motivational, cognitive, communicative, and reflexive) are determined. A conclusion about the specifics of the characteristics of the language case, the problematic nature of the situation, the implicitness of the case problem, the appropriate amount of information, personalization, and professional orientation are formulated. The field structure of the case (informational, essential and technological areas) is analyzed. Features of bilingual cases and cases for future social workers’ bilingual training are outlined. Examples of different types of cases are given: cases - episodes without ending, case-essays, cases-chronicles and diaries, as well as cases for bilingual learning - motivational, cognitive, communicative and reflective ones. The author's development of a case for social workers’ bilingual training is presented and proposals for the implementation of several other cases of different types are given. 

scholarly journals INTERNAL AUDIT IN UKRAINE: EVOLUTION, PROBLEM ASPECTS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ievgeniia Gavrylychenko ◽  
Olena Andrenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Support ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Current State ◽  
Audit Regulation ◽  
History Of

The purpose of the article is to summarize the views on the current state of internal audit in Ukraine and identify general promising areas for its development. The evolution, current state and prospects of internal audit development in Ukraine are revealed. The history of internal audit is covered, the stages of development of internal audit in the world and in Ukraine are considered. It is determined that the development of internal audit in Ukraine takes place with the adoption of relevant legislation governing its implementation in a particular area. The current state of internal audit in Ukraine is characterized, the current legal framework for internal audit is analyzed. The level of legislative regulation of internal audit of enterprises of various spheres of activity is revealed. It was found that the establishment of an internal audit function at the legislative level is not mandatory for the private sector, while such companies have all the necessary legal framework that can be used in the process of implementing and conducting internal audit. Views on modern problematic aspects of internal audit development in Ukraine are generalized. It is determined that the most acute issues hindering the implementation of internal audit in enterprises are the lack of methodological and organizational support for internal audit, the low level of development of corporate governance culture, as well as the lack of qualified internal auditors. The actual directions of further improvement of the process of introduction of internal audit in the practice of domestic enterprises are formulated. The necessity of further improvement of normative-legal provision of internal audit regulation, development of methodical recommendations on organizational-technological schemes and procedures of internal audit and improvement of the system of professional training of specialists in internal audit is substantiated. It is concluded that the development of internal audit in Ukraine at the present stage is due to the need to understand internal audit as a potential tool to improve the efficiency of the enterprise, as well as the existing regulatory requirements. Prospects for the development of internal audit in Ukraine must have all the prerequisites to meet modern global trends.

scholarly journals Formation of Multiculturalism of Future Teachers of Foreign Languages in the Context of Multicultural Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Valeriia Shkarlet ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
History Of

The article explains the key concept "multicultural education of future teachers of foreign languages". The essence and content of the notions "multiculturalism", "multicultural education" are clarified; the connection between them is established. The influence of these concepts on the process of professional training of future teachers of foreign languages is also revealed. The concept of culture is defined, namely the origin and history of ancient, medieval and modern times of the use of this concept. The relevance of teaching humanitarian disciplines in higher education institutions, especially a foreign language, is highlighted, which expands the language knowledge of students and gives them the opportunity to become full members of a multicultural environment. Also, synonymous terms for the concept of "polyculture" and the main goals of polycultural education are presented. So, we can state that the multiculturalism of the personality of future teachers of a foreign language consists in striving during intercultural communication with representatives of other languages; to understand a specific foreign language system of language and concepts of culture, their system of value-semantic guidelines, to integrate new experience into one's own system of language and concepts of culture, and also to analyze the system of one's own culture through cognition of a new culture, which leads to the formation of multicultural value guidelines.

scholarly journals Bird Banding and the Environmental Humanities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-135
Author(s):  
Kristoffer Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Environmental Humanities ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bureau Of Biological Survey ◽  
Historical Practices ◽  
Embodied Practice ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract This article tells a history of bird banding—the practice of catching and affixing birds with durable bands with the intent of tracking their movements and behavior—by focusing on the embodied aspects of this method in field ornithology. Going beyond a straightforward, institutional history of bird banding, the article uses the writings of biologists in the US Bureau of Biological Survey and the US Fish and Wildlife Service to describe the historical practices of bird banding and the phenomenological experience of banding, both for the scientists and the birds (via their banding interlocutors). The article then presents the career and research of Margaret Morse Nice as an exemplar of the embodied practice of banding for the purposes of understanding bird behavior. Finally the article uses the example and heritage of Nice as well as banders and scientists like her to discuss a phenomenological approach common to any number of observation-based field biology disciplines (including, especially, ethology) and deep connections between human and animal subjectivities. And these connections, in turn, have implications for the environmental humanities, environmental conservation, and the ethics of knowing the nonhuman world.

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