scholarly journals LOCAL SEWAGE TREATMENT UNIT ENGINEERING

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
E. I. Vyalkova ◽  
E. S. Glushchenko ◽  
A. V. Shalabodov ◽  
A. V. Shalabodov ◽  
E. Yu. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Treatment And Disposal

Problems of treatment and disposal of industrial wastewater from dairy enterprises exist in Russia and abroad. Industrial wastewater from dairy cannot be discharged even into the do-mestic sewage system. The local sewage treatment units of such enterprises require in detail studying the wastewater quality and supply modes. This article presents such parameters of the wastewater composition as environmental aggressiveness, organic matter, suspended solids, fats, nitrogen, phosphate, and others. It is shown that changes in the qualitative composition of effluents depend on the dairy production processes. A serious problem when choosing a treatment technology is the significant content of organic substances, fats, ammonium, ni-trates and phosphates in the resulting effluent. In addition, effluents are characterized by large fluctuations in quality when dumped in a sewage treatment unit or reagent solutions generated by the equipment flushing. A production process flowchart is proposed for the dairy water dis-posal with the appropriate water treatment for discharge into sewage treatment units.  

NEREDA®: an emerging technology for sewage treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Ali Khan ◽  
Mahmood Ahmad ◽  
Andreas Giesen
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Water Boards

Stringent environmental regulations and severe water pollution has divert the attention of stakeholders, water boards and ministries dealing with the water resources and environment to explore new technologies to make rivers and water bodies free from pollution. Recently an aerobic granular biomass based technology; named NEREDA® has been gaining wide publicity around the globe. It has several advantages such as less power requirement, no need of chemicals and its compactness due to high mixed liquor suspended solids, significantly less capital and operational costs. NEREDA® can be regarded as an alternative to conventional aerobic technology for sewage and industrial wastewater treatment. Recently NEREDA® technology has been installed at sewage treatment plants in Europe, South Africa and few are under pipeline in parts of Latin America, Israel and India.

A review of fouling of membrane bioreactors in sewage treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Operational Experience ◽  
Critical Flux ◽  
Membrane Area ◽  
Widespread Implementation ◽  
Subsequent Identification

Fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) represents one of the most significant barriers to their more widespread implementation for both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. It exerts a limit on the membrane permeability, i.e. the flux through the membrane per unit transmembrane pressure, and thus the productivity of the process per unit membrane area installed. As with all membrane processes, extensive investigation of factors contributing to fouling in MBRs, and the subsequent identification of ameliorative measures that may be taken to control it, has taken place since the process was first commercialised 30 years ago. Key findings of pertinent research in this area and operational experience in full-scale plants are summarised, along with the primary facets of the MBR process itself. The most recent evidence suggests that permanent fouling, i.e. fouling not substantially removed by physical cleaning (backflushing), results mainly from certain dissolved or colloidal organic materials, and such adsoptive fouling takes place at even the lowest operational fluxes. Fouling by suspended solids, on the other hand, may be largely controlled by operation below the so-called “critical” flux, which may be increased by more vigorous aeration, and/or by periodic backflushing. It is concluded that more work is required on characterisation of species responsible for permanent fouling.

scholarly journals Optimization of the process of electrochemical wastewater treatment of yeast production

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Anna Poshtarenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Yeast Production ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
K Current

The process of purification and disinfection of yeast production sewage under the action of electrodialysis has been studied. As a result of research to determine the physicochemical and microbiological sewage composition, it was found that in sewage of the 1st degree of yeast separation has the highest excess content of organic and mineral substances in terms of: Chemical oxygen consumption (COC) - 31096/500 mg О2 / dm3, suspended solids - 6800 / 300 mg / dm3, chlorides - 2147/350 mg / dm3and sulfates - 6089/400 mg / dm3. The content of organic substances, which is characterized by the Chemical oxygen consumption (COC) indicator, in sewage of general discharge, 2nd and 3rd degree of yeast separation is 41%, 50% and 74% and that is lower than in sewage of the 1st degree of yeast separation. The number of microorganisms in terms of Total microbial count (TMC) in sewage of the 1st stage of yeast separation is the largest and is 12·107 colony-forming units CFU / cm3. It is determined that the process of sewage treatment and disinfection from minerals occurs more efficiently in the cathode zone, and from organic substances and microorganisms - in the anode zone of the electrodializer at a water temperature of 293 K, current of 0.1 A and duration of exposure 20 min.

Institutional developments, standards and river quality: a UK history and some lessons for industrialising countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. M. Johnstone ◽  
N. J. Horan
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Process Manufacturing ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed World

From the middle ages until the early part of the nineteenth century the streets of European cities were foul with excrement and filth to the extent that aristocrats often held a clove-studded orange to their nostrils in order to tolerate the atmosphere. The introduction in about 1800 of water-carriage systems of sewage disposal merely transferred the filth from the streets to the rivers. The problem was intensified in Britain by the coming of the Industrial Revolution and establishment of factories on the banks of the rivers where water was freely available for power, process manufacturing and the disposal of effluents. As a consequence the quality of most rivers deteriorated to the extent that they were unable to support fish life and in many cases were little more than open sewers. This was followed by a period of slow recovery, such that today most of these rivers have been cleaned with many having good fish stocks and some even supporting salmon. This recovery has not been easy nor has it been cheap. It has been based on the application of good engineering supported by the passing and enforcement of necessary legislation and the development of suitable institutional capacity to finance, design, construct, maintain and operate the required sewerage and sewage treatment systems. Such institutional and technical systems not only include the disposal of domestic sewage but also provisions for the treatment and disposal of industrial wastewaters and for the integrated management of river systems. Over the years a number of institutional arrangements and models have been tried, some successful other less so. Although there is no universally applicable approach to improving the aquatic environment, many of the experiences encountered by the so-called developed world can be learned by developing nations currently attempting to rectify their own aquatic pollution problems. Some of these lessons have already been discussed by the authors including some dangers of copying standards from the developed world. The objective of this paper is to trace the steps taken over many years in the UK to develop methods and systems to protect and preserve the aquatic environment and from the lessons learned to highlight what is considered to be an appropriate and sustainable approach for industrialising nations. Such an approach involves setting of realistic and attainable standards, providing appropriate and affordable treatment to meet these standards, establishment of the necessary regulatory framework to ensure enforcement of the standards and provision of the necessary financial capabilities to guarantee successful and continued operation of treatment facilities.

Sludge Treatment and Disposal Systems for Rural Areas in Germany

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 159-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eberhard Steinle
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Purification ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

First an overview of the systems currently in use and being discussed for sludge treatment is presented will) particular emphasis on distinguishing between the object of the system (conditioning objective of the various phases in the system) and a system concept (concept of various phases of the system in sequence to attain the disposal objective). More detailed information is given as to the salient systems as used with smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas, such as digestion, dewatering, hygienization, composting and thermal drying. A further item of discussion is how sludge treatment influences the sewage treatment process. For the critical emissions (nitrogen, phosphorus) demanded in Germany, and thus for the degree of sewage treatment required, the load of the sewage treatment system resulting from sludge treatment needs to be taken into account. Accordingly, operation of sludge treatment and sewage purification must always be harmonized. The extent of these return loads also limits the spatial centralization of the system phases; this applies in particular to smaller sewage treatment plants in rural areas. In conclusion, an attempt is made to present a perspective for the agricultural utilization of such sludge in Germany. Since the critical values for emissions have been further tightened by new regulations, thus considerably elevating the associated sophistication of monitoring techniques, it is to be expected that the use of sewage sludge in agriculture will also be further reduced in rural areas, especially since public awareness of emission control has considerably reduced the acceptance of sewage sludge as fertilizer.

Effects of hydraulic shock loads on small on-site sewage treatment unit

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Panswad ◽  
L. Komolmethee
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Hydraulic Shock ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Shock Loads ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Continuous Feed ◽  
Filter Unit

This research was to determine the effects of hydraulic shock loads by intermittent feeding on the removal efficiency of a small prefabricated real-sized septic tank/anaerobic filter unit. Besides the ‘control’ 24-hour continuous runs the other twice a day feeding periods covered 16, 12 and 8 hours per day, with the tank's retention time varying from 22.5 to 90 hours. It was demonstrated that the variation of the hydraulic feeding patterns ranging from 24-hour continuous feed to 8 h per day intermittent feed did not affect the performance of the system much. The percentage of BOD reduction was decreased from 85 to 82 and 81 percent for the feed times of 24, 16 and 8 hours per day, respectively. The tank capacity played a relatively major role in determining the removal efficiency of the process. The efficiency of BOD and SS reduction dwindled from 82.2 to 68.9 and 56.0% with the corresponding reduction in tank sizes from 90 to 45 and 22.5 hours retention, respectively. In any event, the unit could not satisfactorily remove nutrients. A retention period of not less than 48 hours is recommended if the Thai effluent standards are to be met. Equations for predicting the BOD removal capability were also developed.

131I and 99mTc in Effluents from a Nuclear Medicine Facility and Associated Sewage Treatment Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessander Sá do Carmo ◽  
Elizabeth Aparecida Vianello ◽  
Wagner Pereira ◽  
Evangelina Marcia Lima de Macêdo ◽  
Lucas Gomes Padilha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Unit

scholarly journals Effect of pH and Initial Concentration on Adsorption of Chitosan in Restaurant Sewage Treatment Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 804 (4) ◽  
pp. 042085
Author(s):  
Yibo Wang ◽  
Hua Liu ◽  
Zhijian Mai ◽  
Peiqi Jiang ◽  
Canjie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Effect Of Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration

Recycling to Soils: a Sustainable Way of Sludge Disposal and its Practice in China

2011 ◽  
Vol 183-185 ◽  
pp. 1417-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Sheng Cao ◽  
Xue Jing Meng ◽  
Xue Zheng Meng
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Disposal Problem

With the booming construction of sewage treatment plants aiming at environmental protection, China has to face an emerging urgent task to address the sludge treatment and disposal problem. However there is a big controversy in China about the sludge treatment and disposal strategies. Some scientists suggest incinerating, while others insist on landfilling. In this paper, from the perspective of sustainable development and cyclic economy, a detailed analysis of nutrients cycle mainly related to nitrogen and phosphate before and after industrialization was made and a view that sludge should go back to soils to re-establish a sound nutrients cycle was put forward. Then the feasibility for sludge recycle to soils was discussed and some land application methods for sludge were introduced. At last, a successful case of producing compounded fertilizer from dewatered sludge in Northeast China was described in detail.

A New Sewage Treatment System with Fluidized Pellet Bed Separator

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuhiko Suzuki ◽  
Norihito Tambo ◽  
Genzo Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Biological Filter ◽  
Sewage Treatment System

A new sewage treatment system which is composed of a fluidized pellet bed separator, aerobic biological filter and micro–membrane filter was studied. In the newly proposed system, at the first stage, higher molecular weight organic substances and suspended matter are removed by way of chemical coagulation and flocculation. For the operation, a new fluidized pellet bed separator with high separation rate of 200-300 m/day is introduced to improve the treatment rate. A large percentage of organ ic substances are removed by the new coagulation/flocculation process. Hence, the total BOD load to be applied to the following biological treatment becomes very low. In addition to this, the organic substances in the effluent from the fluidized pellet bed separator are on lylower molecular weight substances which are easily biologically decomposed. Therefore easily decomposing and lower concentration pollutants enable use of a simple biological treatment p rocess such as aerobic biological filter with as short a detention time as 1 hour. Finally, effluent from the biological filter is treated by a micro-membrane filter. By the membrane process, suspended matte rs in the biologically treated water can be removed completely. Phosphate concentration of the treated water is very low, which is caused by aluminum coagulation in the first step and biological intake of the nutrient in the second step followed by complete sol id liquid separation in the third step.

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