scholarly journals Main soil nutrients dynamics in sod-dressing intercropped orchard

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. G. Gurin ◽  
S. V. Rezvyakova ◽  
N. Yu. Revin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study aimed to estimate seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the influence of sod grasses in a sod-dressing intercropped orchard. The trial was conducted in a Welsey apple 1987-year orchard. Trees were planted at 8×6 m, cultivar seedlings used as rootstock. Red clover and meadow timothy in variant shares were used for interrow sodding. The cereal—legume intercropping was done in 2015, preceded by a 180 kg/ha active substance phosphorus-potassium dressing in reserve. Nitrogen was applied annually prior to growing season at 34.4 kg/ha active substance. Grass biomass in first hay cutting was the highest and comprised 45.3-49.9 % total mass. A total four cuttings dry mass was 3.36-7.10 t/ha depending on scheme. The maximum biomass was registered for the schemes with red clover and meadow timothy at ratios 1:1 and 7:3 (6.52 and 7.10 t/ha). In the growing period, grass depleted soil for 111.1—219.9 kg/ha nitrogen, 21.5-42.7 kg/ha phosphorus and 209.3—380.8 kg/ha potassium. Such consumptions suggest a serious competition for soil nutrients between grass vegetation and fruit trees. The available phosphorus and potassium content was independent of interrow dressing schemes. Inter-scheme differences did not exceed experimental bias due to presowing phosphorus and potassium application in reserve before trial. By first cutting, the nitrate nitrogen soil content in sodding schemes was 1.5-2-fold less vs. bare fallow, i.e. more nitrogen is used by vegetating grass, and its available forms recover slower than being consumed.

Determining the content of nitrogen and some macroelements in the dry mass of perennial leguminous plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Željko Lakić ◽  
Mirjana Žabić ◽  
Tihomir Predić
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
First Year ◽  
Random Block ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Perennial Legumes ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The aim of this study was to determine the content of elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the dry mass of perennial fodder legumes, mowed in the optimal growth phase. The experiment with perennial legumes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), red clover (Trifolium pretense) and bird's-foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) was set up as a random block system in four replicates on valley-brown soil and was conducted for two years. The green mass of perennial legumes in the first and second mowing was harvested at the end of budding/ beginning of flowering phase. In the third and fourth regrowth, mowing of the biomass was done after 5 weeks. Immediately after each mowing, representative sample of green biomass was taken from each replicate of each legume tested. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the dry plant material was determined. The content of nitrogen and potassium in the fodder of alfalfa and red clover was higher in the first year of the study, which was not the case for bird's-foot trefoil. The dry matter of alfalfa on average had the highest content of nitrogen (39.8 g kg-1 DM) and calcium (19.6 g kg-1 DM), bird's-foot trefoil of phosphorus (10.6 g kg-1 DM) and potassium (26.1 g kg-1 DM), and red clover of magnesium (3.7 g kg-1 DM). In the dry mass of bird's-foot trefoil the average content of nitrogen was 39.0 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus 10.6 g kg-1 DM, potassium 26.1 g kg-1 DM, calcium 15.7 g kg-1 DM, and magnesium 3.5 g kg-1 DM.

scholarly journals Urban-rural gradients in soil nutrients beneath Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) are affected by land-use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuebo Su ◽  
Bowen Cui ◽  
Zhiyun Ouyang ◽  
Xiaoke Wang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Chinese Pine ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Soil Available Phosphorus ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium

Abstract Urban-rural gradients of soil nutrients may be affected by many factors including land use, vegetation cover, and management. In this study, we investigated soil nutrients along urban-rural gradients beneath Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) in parks, neighborhoods and roadsides in Beijing, China. Soil levels of organic carbon, calcium, and magnesium are significantly higher in neighborhoods and parks than in roadsides. Soil nitrate-nitrogen levels are higher in neighborhoods than in roadsides. Soil magnesium levels are higher in neighborhoods than in parks. Interestingly, soil moisture, nitrate-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and available phosphorus and potassium all decreased in parks along the urban to rural gradient. Soil available phosphorus also declined along urban-rural gradients in neighborhoods. Thus, land use plays an important role in modifying urban-rural gradients of soil nutrients.

scholarly journals Morphometry and production of maize inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Tauane Santos Brito ◽  
Vandeir Francisco Guimarães ◽  
Elisiane Inês Dall’Oglio Chaves ◽  
Renan Pan ◽  
Alexandre Wegner Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This study aimed to analyze the influence of inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense in morphometric and nutritional parameters of the maize crop. Maize plants, hybrid Formula VT®, were grown under different forms of inoculation: absence of inoculation; seed inoculation; leaf inoculation; seed inoculation associated to leaf inoculation. In the phenological stages V8 and VT the parameters number of leaves, aerial height, root volume, stem diameter, besides the leaves, stem, sheath, root and total dry mass and the leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were determined. In the R6 stage, in addition to the previous evaluations the following parameters were determined: ear diameter and length, number of kernel rows, number of kernels per row, the reproductive structure and thousand grains dry mass, and total number of grains, besides the grain’s content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The SPAD index from the leave’s apex, medial and basal thirds was measured fortnightly. The inoculation methods with A. brasilense had little influence in maize’s morphometric and nutritional parameters, also not influencing in production. Maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense, via seed and via seed associated to leaf spraying, positively stood out for the stem diameter, leaves dry mas, root volume, and for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium leaf content.

Physicochemical Property and Nutrient Status of Soils in Urban Green Spaces in Xuzhou, China

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3102-3108
Author(s):  
Ying Ming Mao ◽  
Gui Ru Xu ◽  
Xiao Yu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Soil physicochemical properties and the nutrient status of urban green spaces (UGS) in Xuzhou were analyzed. The results show that the soil pH is neutral to alkaline. Influenced by alkaline chemical fertilizer and some building materials, the soil pH presents a rising tendency. The content of soil organic matter (SOM) content was low but variable, which is mainly attributed to the disturbance of anthropogenic activity. The distributions of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are relatively uniform but those of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium are highly dispersed. In addition, available phosphorus shows the most significant variation. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are lower than in the natural cinnamon soils, and their deficiencies will occur if no effective measures are taken in the near future.

scholarly journals Response of Soil and Irrigated Fruit Trees to Fertigation or Broadcast Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Neilsen ◽  
D. Neilsen ◽  
F. Peryea
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Traditionally, broadcast or foliar fertilizer applications have been used to improve or sustain the nutrition of many irrigated, deciduous fruit tree orchards in western North America. Recent developments, including adoption of low-pressure microirrigation systems and planting at higher densities [especially for apple (Malus domestica Borkh.)], have increased interest in controlled application of fertilizers directly with irrigation (fertigation). Recent fertigation research in western North America is reviewed, emphasizing results from high-density apple orchards. Fertigation and traditional broadcast application methods are examined with respect to mobility of N, P, and K in the soil and response of fruit trees to application of these nutrients.

SOME ASPECTS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN NECTAR SECRETION AND NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, AND POTASSIUM NUTRITION

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Shuel
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potassium Secretion ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The influence of mineral nutrition on nectar secretion both per se and in relation to certain aspects of growth and development was studied in snapdragon and red clover plants growing in sand culture. Snapdragon was grown at two levels each of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, red clover at three levels each of phosphorus and potassium. The volume of nectar and weight of nectar sugar secreted per inflorescence were affected by the supply of each of the elements studied. Secretion in snapdragon was favoured by the lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Secretion in red clover was best at the low and intermediate levels of phosphorus and at the intermediate level of potassium. Although a high concentration of phosphorus or potassium in the mineral supply reduced secretion in both species, the threshold concentration for this inhibitory effect was higher in red clover than in snapdragon. High concentrations of potassium consistently reduced the sugar concentration of the nectar in both species. Flower number as well as quantity of secretion per inflorescence varied with nutritional treatment. For maximal production of nectar by the plant, the following conditions of fertility would appear desirable: A level of nitrogen low enough to avoid excessive vegetative growth, a level of phosphorus sufficient to promote good flowering, and a level of potassium which is neither low enough to limit growth severely nor high enough to reduce flower production.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Ammonium-Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in a Rice Field in Corrientes, Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Morales ◽  
Eva Vidal Vázquez ◽  
Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Proper and effective management of soil nutrients requires assessment of their variability at the field scale. We compare the effects of lime amendment rate on the spatial variability of three macronutrient forms (NH4+-N, Olsen P, and Mehlich-1 K) in a paddy soil at three different dates during the growth period of a rice crop. The field work was carried out near Corrientes, Argentina. Lime treatments were 0, 625, and 1250 kg ha−1dolomite, and each liming dose was applied to a 1.7 ha field. Ninety-three soil samples per treatment were first collected in aerobic conditions and then two more times after flooding, at bunch formation and flowering. SoilNH4+-N increased along time, whereas P was highest at bunch formation and K steadily decreased along the rice growth period. Dolomite addition increased macronutrient availability at the first and second samplings, but its effects at the third sampling depended on the element. The three soil nutrients analyzed displayed strong patterns of spatial dependence for the three lime treatments and at the three periods studied. The areas with relative high or low macronutrient concentrations within each field were not stable throughout the rice growth period. Seasonality in the spatial distribution of macronutrients may be of agronomic value for site specific management.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND LEVELS OF N, P AND K IN ROOTSTOCKS OF TAMARIND TREES USING ORGANIC SUBSTRATES AND DOSES OF PHOSPHORUS

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO CASTRO PEREIRA ◽  
JOSÉ MARIA DA COSTA ◽  
FRANCISCO MICKAEL DE MEDEIROS CÂMARA ◽  
WAGNER CÉSAR DE FARIAS ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compound ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Goat Manure ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate different organic substrates and phosphorus doses on the growth and leaf content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rootstocks of Tamarindus indica L. The experiment was performed in a greenhouse nursery located on the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), from March to October 2013. The treatments consisted of three organic sources at a concentration of 40% (v/v) (bovine manure, goat manure and a commercial organic compound) and four doses of simple superphosphate (0, 0 kg m-3, 2.5 kg m-3, 5.0 kg m-3 and 7.5 kg m-3). The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design (RBD), with 12 treatments (substrates), four replications and 10 plants per plot, totaling 480 plants. The goat manure and the organic compound were the most suitable treatments for the production of rootstocks of the tamarind tree. The maximum dose of 7.5 g kg-1 of simple superphosphate caused the highest levels of phosphorus and potassium in the dry mass of shoots. The nutrients in the dry matter of shoots accumulated in the following order: N > K > P.

Réponse du soya à la fertilisation minérale en éléments majeurs NPK sur des sols classés de riches à excessivement riches en phosphore ou en potassium des Basses Terres du Saint-Laurent

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tremblay ◽  
J.-M. Beausoleil
Keyword(s):  
Seed Protein ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Potassium Fertilization ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
100 Seed Weight

In the scientific literature there are numerous studies on soybean response to major mineral NPK elements. But there are few research data on this topic for the Lowland soils of the Saint-Lawrence Valley. A 3-yr study was conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 on three representative soil types of the lowland Saint-Lawrence Valley region: Dujour, Sainte-Rosalie and Saint-Urbain. These soils are classified from rich to excessively rich in available phosphorus and potassium as measured by the Mehlich 3 method. Results of this study indicate that yield is rarely significantly influenced by levels of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium fertilization. Moreover, there are no significant interactions among those elements and soybean grain yield. Other observed variables (specific weight, grain visual quality, 100-seed weight, seed protein and oil contents) were generally not affected by the different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium fertilization. There were few significant interactions between major elements and those variables. Generally, soybeans did not respond to NPK mineral fertilization on representative soils of the Lowland Saint Lawrence Valley region classified from rich to excessively rich in available phosphorus and potassium. Key words: Soybean, fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, yield

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