Urban-rural gradients in soil nutrients beneath Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) are affected by land-use

Abstract Urban-rural gradients of soil nutrients may be affected by many factors including land use, vegetation cover, and management. In this study, we investigated soil nutrients along urban-rural gradients beneath Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) in parks, neighborhoods and roadsides in Beijing, China. Soil levels of organic carbon, calcium, and magnesium are significantly higher in neighborhoods and parks than in roadsides. Soil nitrate-nitrogen levels are higher in neighborhoods than in roadsides. Soil magnesium levels are higher in neighborhoods than in parks. Interestingly, soil moisture, nitrate-nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, and available phosphorus and potassium all decreased in parks along the urban to rural gradient. Soil available phosphorus also declined along urban-rural gradients in neighborhoods. Thus, land use plays an important role in modifying urban-rural gradients of soil nutrients.

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Influence of Slope Gradient and Aspect on Soil Organic Carbon Content in the Region of Niš, Serbia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8332

Author(s):

Snežana Jakšić ◽

Jordana Ninkov ◽

Stanko Milić ◽

Jovica Vasin ◽

Milorad Živanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Slope Aspect ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Slope Gradient ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Uncultivated Land

Topography-induced microclimate differences determine the local spatial variation of soil characteristics as topographic factors may play the most essential role in changing the climatic pattern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) with respect to the slope gradient and aspect, and to quantify their influence on SOC within different land use/cover classes. The study area is the Region of Niš in Serbia, which is characterized by complex topography with large variability in the spatial distribution of SOC. Soil samples at 0–30 cm and 30–60 cm were collected from different slope gradients and aspects in each of the three land use/cover classes. The results showed that the slope aspect significantly influenced the spatial distribution of SOC in the forest and vineyard soils, where N- and NW-facing soils had the highest level of organic carbon in the topsoil. There were no similar patterns in the uncultivated land. No significant differences were found in the subsoil. Organic carbon content was higher in the topsoil, regardless of the slope of the terrain. The mean SOC content in forest land decreased with increasing slope, but the difference was not statistically significant. In vineyards and uncultivated land, the SOC content was not predominantly determined by the slope gradient. No significant variations across slope gradients were found for all observed soil properties, except for available phosphorus and potassium. A positive correlation was observed between SOC and total nitrogen, clay, silt, and available phosphorus and potassium, while a negative correlation with coarse sand was detected. The slope aspect in relation to different land use/cover classes could provide an important reference for land management strategies in light of sustainable development.

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Main soil nutrients dynamics in sod-dressing intercropped orchard

Horticulture and viticulture ◽

10.31676/0235-2591-2021-6-45-50 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

A. G. Gurin ◽

S. V. Rezvyakova ◽

N. Yu. Revin

Keyword(s):

Soil Nutrients ◽

Active Substance ◽

Red Clover ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Growing Period ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Bare Fallow ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

The study aimed to estimate seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under the influence of sod grasses in a sod-dressing intercropped orchard. The trial was conducted in a Welsey apple 1987-year orchard. Trees were planted at 8×6 m, cultivar seedlings used as rootstock. Red clover and meadow timothy in variant shares were used for interrow sodding. The cereal—legume intercropping was done in 2015, preceded by a 180 kg/ha active substance phosphorus-potassium dressing in reserve. Nitrogen was applied annually prior to growing season at 34.4 kg/ha active substance. Grass biomass in first hay cutting was the highest and comprised 45.3-49.9 % total mass. A total four cuttings dry mass was 3.36-7.10 t/ha depending on scheme. The maximum biomass was registered for the schemes with red clover and meadow timothy at ratios 1:1 and 7:3 (6.52 and 7.10 t/ha). In the growing period, grass depleted soil for 111.1—219.9 kg/ha nitrogen, 21.5-42.7 kg/ha phosphorus and 209.3—380.8 kg/ha potassium. Such consumptions suggest a serious competition for soil nutrients between grass vegetation and fruit trees. The available phosphorus and potassium content was independent of interrow dressing schemes. Inter-scheme differences did not exceed experimental bias due to presowing phosphorus and potassium application in reserve before trial. By first cutting, the nitrate nitrogen soil content in sodding schemes was 1.5-2-fold less vs. bare fallow, i.e. more nitrogen is used by vegetating grass, and its available forms recover slower than being consumed.

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PETANI KUNINGAN DALAM PUSARAN KONFLIK KELAS

JURNAL PENELITIAN ◽

10.28918/jupe.v13i2.721 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nanang Susanto

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Use ◽

Action Research ◽

Participatory Action Research ◽

Soil Nutrients ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Cost Of Production ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Participatory Observation

Penelitian ini menguji teori Marx yang mengatakan bahwa dalam proses kapitalisasi, petani lahan kecil akan tergusur oleh petani lahan besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Participatory Action Research (PAR). Menggunakan teknik observasi partisipasi di lapangan, studi ini melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap petani. Analisis data yang digunakan bersifat induktif. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, bahwa teori Marx tidak terjadi di malar Aman. Adapun penyebab menurunnya pertanian disebabkan menurunnya unsur hara tanah, mahalnya biaya produksi, alih fungsi lahan dan perubahan cuaca. Sedangkan strategi petani lahan kecil untuk mempertahankan kehidupan yaitu melakukan pola tanam tumpang sari, melakukan pekerjaan tambahan, dan mengatur keuangan.This study examines Marx's theory which says that in the process of capitalization, small land farmers will be displaced by large land farmers. This study uses a qualitative approach with the method of Participatory Action Research (PAR). Using the techniques of participatory observation in the field, the study conducted in-depth interviews on farmers. Analysis of the data used is inductive. This study led to the conclusion that Marx's theory does not happen in Aman malar. The cause of the decline of agriculture due to declining soil nutrients, the high cost of production, land use and climate change. While the strategies of small land farmers to sustain life is to do the planting patterns of intercropping, do extra work, and manage finances.

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Vertical distribution of soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau, China

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82677-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanyang Tian ◽

Jiangbo Qiao ◽

Yuanjun Zhu ◽

Xiaoxu Jia ◽

Ming’an Shao

Keyword(s):

Vertical Distribution ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Clay Content ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Critical Zone ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Core ◽

The Loess Plateau ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus

AbstractSoil available phosphorus (SAP) and soil available potassium (SAK) are important elements in the growth of plants. However, limited data are available regarding the vertical distribution of SAP and SAK in deep soil profiles. In this study, we investigated the vertical variations in SAP and SAK in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau (50–200 m), China, by using classical statistical and geostatistical methods. The soil samples were collected from the top of the soil profile down to the bedrock by soil core drilling at five typical sites. SAP decreased throughout the profile. Whereas the SAK exhibited an increasing trend at all sites. The mean SAP concentration ranged from 0.94 to 32.56 mg kg–1 at the sampling sites and the SAK concentration ranged from 44.51 to 229.31 mg kg–1. At all of the sampling sites, SAK was significantly positively correlated with the depth and clay content, but there was a significantly negative correlation between the SAK and the sand content. The exponential model could fit most variograms of SAP and SAK at all sampling sites. The results obtained in this study to improve our comprehension of the SAP or SAK distribution conditions on the Loess Plateau, which is important for reasonable fertilizer application and vegetation planting practices.

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Changes in Land Use and Land Cover Along an Urban-Rural Gradient Influence Floral Resource Availability

Current Landscape Ecology Reports ◽

10.1007/s40823-021-00064-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lauren Lynch ◽

Madeline Kangas ◽

Nikolas Ballut ◽

Alissa Doucet ◽

Kristine Schoenecker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Cover ◽

Resource Availability ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Floral Resource

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Land use and travel burden of residents in urban fringe and rural areas: An evaluation of urban-rural integration initiatives in Beijing

Land Use Policy ◽

10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 103 ◽

pp. 105309

Author(s):

Pengjun Zhao ◽

Jie Wan

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Fringe ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Travel Burden

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Response Characteristics of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) Radial Growth to Climate and Drought Variability Reconstruction in Western Liaoning, Northeast China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 752

Author(s):

Liu ◽

Bao ◽

Bao

Keyword(s):

Northeast China ◽

Radial Growth ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis ◽

Western Liaoning ◽

Chinese Pine ◽

The Past ◽

The North ◽

Pinus Tabulaeformis Carr ◽

The North Pacific

Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) plays an important role in maintaining ecosystem health and stability in western Liaoning Province and the southern Horqin sand land, Northeast China, with benefits including sand fixation and soil erosion. In the context of climate change, developing a better understanding of the relationship between climate factors and growth rates of this species will be extremely valuable in guiding management activities and meeting regional conservation objectives. Here, the results based on two groups of tree-ring samples show that the radial growth of Chinese pine is controlled primarily by water conditions. The longer chronology had the highest correlation coefficient with the January–September mean self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index (scPDSI); therefore, drought variability was reconstructed for the period 1859–2014. Statistical analysis showed that our model explained 41.9% of the variance in radial growth during the 1951–2014 calibration period. Extreme dry and wet events, defined as the criteria of one standard deviation less or greater than the mean value, accounted for 19.9% and 18.6% of the 156-year climate record, respectively. During the past century, the regional hydroclimate experienced significant long-term fluctuations. The dry periods occurred from the early-1900s–1930s and 1980s–2000s, and the wet periods occurred from the 1940s–1970s. The drought reconstruction was consistent with the decreasing trend of the East Asian summer monsoon since the late 1970s. The reconstructed temporal patterns in hydroclimate in western Liaoning were closely related to the large-scale climate drivers in the North Pacific and the tropical equatorial Pacific. The teleconnections were confirmed by spatial correlations between the reconstructed sequence and sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific, as well as the correlations with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Aerosols played an important role in affecting drought variations over the past several decades. Moisture stress caused by global warming and interdecadal changes in the PDO will have long-term effects on the growth of pines in the study area in the future.

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Effects of crop type on soil microbial properties in the cropland of the Jianghan plain of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/283/2018-pse ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 421-426

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Liu Lixin ◽

Zhang Chunlei ◽

Chen Chang ◽

Lu Guangyuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Invertase Activity ◽

Shannon Index ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Jianghan Plain ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Microbial Properties ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Soil Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Microbial Properties

Soil microbial properties are varied by growing different crops, ultimately reflecting the growth and reproduction of crops. In this study, two types of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ZS11 and ZY821) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ZM9023) were planted in the Jianghan plain of China. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected three months after sowing. Soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities and microbial diversity were determined. The results showed that soil available phosphorus significantly increased from 25.57 mg/kg (ZM9023) to 33.20 mg/kg (ZS11) and 35.72 mg/kg (ZY821), respectively. Invertase activity of ZS821 (0.86 mg glucose/g) was significantly lower than in ZS11 (1.04 mg glucose/g). Acid phosphatase activity under planting rapes was significantly higher than that under wheat. Urease activities significantly increased from 40.88 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (NFP) to 49.04 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (FNP) and 51.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZM9023), 51.60 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZY821) and 52.28 mg NH4+-N/g soil/24 h (ZS11), respectively. The ACE (abundance based coverage estimator) and Chao1 indexes of bacteria of ZS11 were lower than ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023. Fertilization increased soil bacterial ACE and Chao1 indexes. However, ACE and Chao1, Shannon and Simpson indexes of soil fungi for ZS11 were significantly higher than in ZY821, which were similar to ZM9023 (except for the Shannon index).

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