scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SINGLE AND MIXED CROPS OF PERMANENT GRASS ON SOIL ENZYMIC ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Галина Марковская ◽  
Galina Markovskaya ◽  
Светлана Гусева ◽  
Svetlana Guseva
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Mixed Crops

The research is aimed at the development of effective methods to restore soil fertility under intensive agrogenic loads. The studies were conducted in the fields of the Department of Plant Cultivation and Agriculture from 2016 to 2018. The following variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses were studied: 1. awnless brome; 2. crested wheat grass; 3. awnless brome + smooth brome; 4. crested wheat grass + Agropyron; 5 awnless brome + smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin; 6. crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin. Medium soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of single-species and mixed crops of perennial grasses in triplicate in three periods: beginning, middle, and end of the growing season. Samples were taken from depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Bacteria number was assessed by sowing special soil mixture on the solid sterile MPA media according to the method of J. Sega. Enzyme activity was determined by the method of A. Sh. Galstyan. When studying the activity of PPO, a high activity of this enzyme was observed in the soil layer of 20-40 cm. The analysis of the activity of the enzyme peroxidase has various indicators both between the studied variants and in the soil section. The high activity of the enzymes was noted in the variants «awnless brome + smooth brome» and «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». In the process of research, a correlation was found between peroxidase activity and the number of bacteria. The highest coefficient of humification was noted in the «awnless brome», the lowest – «crested wheat grass + Agropyron + Hungarian sainfoin». From 2016 to 2018, in the first variant, a decrease in the coefficient of humification is observed. Thus, of the above options, with the optimal species composition, the following options turned out to be: « awnless brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome», «awnless brome +smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin». Research data were processed by the dispersion method.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF MIXED AGRO-PHYTOCENOSIS OF PERENNIAL GRASSES UNDER THE GROWTH STIMULANTS USE

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Ирина Карлова ◽  
Irina Karlova ◽  
Василий Васин ◽  
Vasiliy Vasin ◽  
Алексей Васин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Fruit Formation

The purpose of the research is the formation of mixed hay-pasture grass-based costretsa; the application of growth stimulants in the Middle Volga region forest-steppe conditions. Growth stimulants use for plant growing along with other agrotechnical methods of intensive technologies of crop cultivation is absolutely relevant and advantageous method of increasing the productive efficiency. The studies were conducted by the fodder crop rotation laboratory staff of The Department of plant growing and agriculture of the Samara State Agricultural Academy on the base of field experience, taking into account the technical tips for field experiments with fodder crops. The article stipulates the results of studies taking into account the period between 2015-2018, with the assessment of seed quality, seed-ling emergence, plant height and overhead weight gain. The study of the herbage on the basis of the Awnless brome showed that good indicators of herbage formation parameters are achieved with bean components use. The best option Awnless brome + Smooth brome + Hungarian sainfoin, but mixture Awnless brome + Smooth brome + Alfalfa Sinegibridnaya provides herbage quality as well. Observations showed that the growth of culm in height occurs gradually from the beginning of vegetation (the grass tillering phase and branching in legumes) to the phase of fruit formation; the more components in the grass mixture, the higher its productivity. The use of rosta stim-ulants (Gumi 20M and Growth Matrix) leads to change in the parameters of herbage and the accumulation of over-head mass. The highest rates are observed in the phase of fruit formation with the maximum values in the grass-mixtures with bean components.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF MIXED AGRO-PHYTOCENOSES OF ALFERA AND CONCEPT IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.А. Тимошкин ◽  
С.А. Сёмина ◽  
О.Ю. Тимошкина ◽  
С.А. Алексеев
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Mixed Crops

Исследования проводили на опытном поле Пензенского ИСХ – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК в 2017-2019 годах. Цель исследований – теоретически обосновать и разработать технологические приемы возделывания люцерны изменчивой сорт Дарья и костреца безостого сорт Удалец на кормовые цели в смешанных посевах, базирующихся на подборе норм высева и фона минерального питания, обеспечивающих максимальную продуктивность агрофитоценозов в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. Посев – летний (июнь), беспокровный. Норма высева в чистом виде: люцерны и костреца по 6 млн. всх. семян на 1 га, в смешанных посевах – согласно схемы опыта. Способ посева – рядовой (размещение культур – черезрядное). Показано, что увеличение нормы высева с 40 до 100 % как люцерны, так и костреца способствует лучшей всхожести семян. Так, всхожесть семян люцерны при высеве 40 % от полной нормы составила 45,3 %, при высеве 70 % – 50,9 %, при высеве 100 % от нормы высева – 53,9 %. У костреца безостого показатели всхожести в среднем за три года составили от 30,0 до 36,6 %. Анализ влияния фона минерального питания показал, что внесение минеральных удобрений в годы с недостатком осадков оказало негативное влияние на показатель всхожести семян изучаемых культур. Изучение сохранности растений в зависимости от нормы высева компонентов показало, что с увеличением нормы высева с 40 до 100 % сохранность люцерны снижается с 62,8 % до 50,1 %, костреца безостого – с 37,5 % до 22,3 %. Улучшение фона минерального питания также приводило к снижению сохранности растений: люцерны с 62,7 % в контроле до 59,4-56,9 % при внесении фосфорно-калийных и азотно-фосфорно-калийных удобрений, костреца безостого – с 36,6 до 32,9-28,9 %. Высота растений люцерны варьировала от 35 до 48 см, чем выше норма высева семян, тем более высокий травостой формируется растениями люцерны. Высота растений костреца также зависела от нормы высева и внесения минеральных удобрений в дозе N45P60K90. Урожайность зеленой массы люцерны варьировала от 3,3-3,9 т/га при высеве 40 %, до 4,2-5,1 т/га при высеве 55 %, 5,2-6,3 т/га при высеве 70 % и 6,2-7,8 т/га при высеве 100 %. Внесение P60K90приводило к получению существенных прибавок урожайности люцерны по сравнению с контрольным вариантом, в то же время различия между вариантами с внесением P60K90 и N45P60K90 были несущественными. The studies were carried out on the experimental field of the Penza Agricultural Institute, a branch of the Federal State-Funded Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Center of Fibre Crops in 2017-2019. The purpose of the research is to theoretically substantiate and develop technological methods for cultivating the variegated lucerne of Daria variety and smooth brome of Udalets variety for fodder purposes in mixed crops, based on the selection of seeding rates and the mineral nutrient status, ensuring maximum productivity of agrophytocenoses in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. Seeding was in Summer (June), coverless. Pure seeding rate: lucerne and brome 6 mln viable seeds per 1 ha, in mixed crops - according to the experimental design. The method of seeding is ordinary (placement of crops is inter-row). It was shown that an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100 % of both lucerne and brome promotes better seed germination. So, the germination rate of lucerne seeds when seeding 40 % of the total seeding rate was 45.3 %, when seeding 70 % - 50.9 %, when seeding 100 % of the seeding rate - 53.9 %. Germination rates of smooth brome, on average over three years ranged from 30.0 to 36.6 %. An analysis of the influence of the mineral nutrient status showed that the application of mineral fertilizers in years with a lack of precipitation had a negative impact on the seed germination rate of the studied crops. A study of the survival of plants depending on the seeding rate of the components showed that with an increase in the seeding rate from 40 to 100 %, the lucerne survival decreases from 62.8 % to 50.1 %, and the smooth brome survival decreases from 37.5 % to 22.3 %. Improving the mineral nutrient status also led to a decrease in plant survival: that of lucerne from 62.7 % in the control to 59.4-56.9 % when phosphorus-potassium and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizers were applied, survival of smooth brome - from 36.6 to 32.9-28.9 %. The height of lucerne varied from 35 to 48 cm, the higher the seed seeding rate, the higher herbage is formed by lucerne. The height of brome also depended on the seeding rate and the application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N45P60K90. The yield of green mass of lucerne varied from 3.3-3.9 t/ha at 40 % seeding rate, to 4.2-5.1 t/ha at 55 % seeding rate, 5.2-6.3 t/ha at 70 % seeding rate and 6.2-7.8 t/ha at 100 % seeding rate. Addition of P60K90 resulted in significant increases in lucerne yields compared with the control variant, while the differences between the variants with addition of P60K90 and N45P60K90were not significant.

scholarly journals The effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of hay of leguminous grasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012018
Author(s):  
D M Sitnov ◽  
L P Harkevich ◽  
V N Adamko
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
Exchange Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Mixed Crops

Abstract The article presents the results obtained in the stationary experiment of the Novozybkovskaya SHOS. In the experiment, single-species crops of yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them were studied against the background of various doses of potash fertilizers (K120-180). The influence of potash fertilizers on the yield and quality of legumes and cereals, their mixed crops and a decrease in the content of 137Cs in hay is considered. It was found that the highest yield of hay of perennial grasses in both the first and second mowing was obtained in the P60K180 variant. The highest level of hay yield among the studied crops was noted in a grass mixture of yellow alfalfa with a boneless stalk. In terms of the yield of feed units and exchange energy per hectare, the alfalfa + stalk grass mixture exceeded single-species crops. Studies have established that the guaranteed receipt of normatively clean feeds based on yellow alfalfa, boneless stalk and grass mixtures based on them is provided by the use of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer in a dose P60K120.

scholarly journals BREEDING OF CREEPING CLOVER IN THE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Timoshkina ◽  
Oleg Timoshkin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The article presents the data of assessing the productivity and nutritional value of selection samples of creeping clover in the nursery of the competitive variety testing of 2016 sowing for three years of use. The purpose of the research is to identify a promising breeding material of creeping clover for creating a variety with high productivity of green mass and seeds, suitable for mechanized harvesting of seeds for the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The research was carried out in 2017-2019 on the experimental field of a separate subdivision of Penza FGBSI FSC of BC in accordance with the methodological instructions for the selection of perennial grasses. On average over three years of use in terms of the yield of green mass – 15.00-16.44 t/ha, cultivar samples of creeping clover V-92, Yu-90, P-97, Pl-90-4 significantly exceeded the VIK-70 standard (14,01 t/ha) by 7.1-17.3%, for the collection of dry matter – 3.49-3.97 t/ha varieties V-92, Yu-90, P-97 and Pl-90-3 reliably exceeded the standard (3.29 t/ha) by 6.1-20.7%, in the collection of digestible protein – 0.44-0.49 t/ha, the varieties B-92 and P-97 exceeded the standard (0, 40 t/ha) by 10.0-22.5%. Maximum values of the yield of green mass (16.44 t/ha), dry matter collection (3.97 t/ha), digestible protein (0.49 t/ha), feed units (5.04 t/ha) and exchange energy (49.12 GJ/ha) on average for the years of testing showed the sample P-97. This specimen significantly exceeded the standard in terms of structural elements and seed yield by 50.5%, in the height of leaf petioles by 3.5% and peduncles by 2.5%, which is important for mechanized harvesting of seeds. When selecting for the productivity of creeping clover, one should pay attention to the signs associated with the yield of green mass and seeds. The length of leaf petioles correlates with the length of peduncles (r = 0.78), the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.46), the number of inflorescences in the head (r = 0.47), with the collection of dry matter (r = 0.31). The length of the peduncles correlates with the collection of dry matter (r = 0.30), with the number of inflorescences in the head (r = 0.54), and with the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.51). The number of inflorescences in the head correlates with the number of seeds in the head (r = 0.61) and with the yield of seeds (r = 0.31)

scholarly journals NITROGEN REGIME OF PEAT SOIL IN NORTHERN PART OF TRANS-URALS ZONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Reclamation System

The paper highlights the results of many-year (1982-1992, 2011-2014 гг.) research on the concentration of mineral nitrogen in the arable medium peat soil layer of the forest-steppe of Trans Urals zone. The research was carried out on the experimental-reclamation system Reshetnikovo located in the central part of the Tarman bog on the second lacustrine-alluvial basin of the Tura River in Tyumen region. The soils on the experimental plot have a slightly acidic reaction (5.2 - 5.9), relatively low hydrolytic acidity (28.1 - 40.8 mg-eqv/100 g of soil), relatively low degree of base saturation (61.7 - 75.5%), high gross nitrogen concentration (3.1 - 3.9%), low concentration of phosphorus (0.09 - 0.14%) and potassium (0.02 - 0.05%). The researchers found out that mineralization of peat is slow and almost always fails to provide sufficient and continuous supply of nitrogen, despite its large gross reserves. Due to insufficient number of mobile nitrogen compounds from peat organic matter during the growing season it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. When peat soils contain low concentrations of phosphorus (0.7 - 3.7 mg/100 g of soil), the highest number of nitrate nitrogen is accumulated in the arable layer under perennial grasses due to its low consumption for the yield. Re-reclaimed peat soil is characterized by negative nitrogen concentration. As perennial grasses require nitrogen, it is fulfilled by means of fertilizers on 41.4 - 72%. The authors observed a tendency of reducing nitrate reserves under perennial grasses even if nitrogen fertilizers are applied. This indicates a decrease in the mineralization rate of peat organic matter. The ammonium nitrogen concentration increases. Discontinuance of nitrogen fertilizers use reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration on 30-49% in the first year and on 46.7-59.1% by the end of the fourth year of after-effect. The amount of ammonium nitrogen increases in 1.6-3.7 times in 4 years.

scholarly journals Creating competitive galega and bromus cenoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Bakshaev ◽  
T. A. Sadokhina ◽  
V. Yu. Listkov
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Thick Medium

Field experiments (2001–2005) were carried out to create optimal schemes for sowing mixtures of perennial grasses in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Objects of research were Krasnoobsky oats, Eastern galega Gorno-Altayskaya 87, awnless brome Antey. The soil of the plots was medium thick, medium loamy leached chernozem. The experiment was carried out in two layouts spread in time and in space. Grasses were sown under the cover of Krasnoobsky oats. Awnless brome was sown across galega in the first ten days of May. Seeding rate of awnless brome was 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 million germinating seeds per hectare. Recordings of yield were made according to standard methods. The highest yield of galega dry mass was achieved when it was sown in rows with awnless brome planted with inter-row spacing of 15 cm (it was higher than with 30 cm inter-row spacing by 1.16 t/ ha and 0.63 t/ha, respectively). In the variant “three rows of galega + a row of awnless brome” (3 : 1), the yield of dry mass of the mixture in two cuttings was higher by 5.7 and 2.1% than when they were sown with every other row skipped. The total yield for two cuttings exceeded single-species crops of galega by 0.48–2.03, and awnless brome by 2.15–2.54 t/ha. A tendency towards a decrease in the yield of dry mass in single-species crops of galega with an increase in row spacing was noted. In mixtures sown at the same time according to the 3 : 1 scheme, the yield of dry mass was 5.14 t/ha in the first mowing and 4.05 t/ha in the second. This is higher than in the mixture sown according to the scheme “a row of galega + a row of awnless brome” (1 : 1) by 2.2–7.6, or 2.2–13.1%. Awnless brome in mixtures is more competitive than galega. An increase in the seeding rate of awnless brome from 3.0 to 6.0 million germinating seeds/ha in the herbage of galega increased the yield by 0.9–1.37 t/ha. The yield of dry mass of mixtures sown at the same time was higher than mixtures with awnless brome planted between rows of galega with spacing of 15 cm by 2%, and with row spacing of 30 cm by 10%.

scholarly journals Yield and feed qualities of triticale mixed with high-protein crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Mixed Crops

The results of field and laboratory studies on the cultivation of triticale mixed with high-protein crops are presented. The study was carried out during the period of 2015-2017 on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The assessment of triticale in single-species and mixed crops for adaptability to growing conditions and yield is given. Economically valuable traits of these crops are shown. The possibility of increasing the yield and feed qualities of agrocenoses by sowing triticale with highprotein crops was established. On average, over the years of research, mixed crops outperformed single-species triticale agrocenoses in terms of yield and feed quality, green mass by 1.6-1.9 times, digestible protein by 2.6-3.7 times. In mixed crops, triticale with fodder beans provided the best results, the yield of green mass was 40.5 t/ha, dry matter – 5.70 t/ha, feed units – 4.67 t/ha, digestible protein – 785 kg/ha, exchange energy – 57.6 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein per one feed unit – 168 g. Triticale crops mixed with fodder beans increased productivity compared with singlespecies crops in terms of green mass yield by 1.3-1.9 times, dry matter by 1.4-1.9 times, feed units by 1.4-2.0 times, gross energy by 1.5-2.0 times. All crops are resistant to drought and lodging. The absence of pest and disease infestation in triticale was noted.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS WAYS OF MAIN SOIL TREATMENT ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY DURING SPRING BARLEY CULTIVATION IN ZAVOLZHYE FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Галина Марковская ◽  
Galina Markovskaya ◽  
Ольга Чугунова ◽  
Olga Chugunova
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

The aim of the research is to increase the spring barley productivity via the use of various methods of soil treatment, affecting its enzymatic activity, in conditions of the middle Volga region insufficient moisture. The possibilities of minimizing soil tillage for barley in the forest-steppe of the middle Volga region of the Samara region are consid-ered. The studies were conducted in two crop rotations on the experimental fields of the Samara state agricultural Academy Department of «Agriculture, soil management, agro-chemicals and land registry» Samara state agricul-tural Academy in 2005-2008. The following variants of main soil tillage were studied: 20-22 cm; depth tilling; 10-12 cm; loosening; zero plowing. The average soil samples were taken from the experimental field from all variants of tillage in triplicate during two periods: in the seedlings and after harvesting. Samples were taken from different depths: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm, crushed and sieved through a metal sieve. Soil-ecological monitoring is aimed at tracking changes occurring in the soil under the influence of various anthropogenic loads. The dependence of the total soil biogenicity on the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) was revealed. It was found that microbiota was more active in relation to pure steam during the year with a low HTC, as well as during the year with a higher HTC on the background of sideral steam. The mostly spread enzymes characteristic of the vast majority of soil microflora-catalase, invertase, urease – were studied for obtaining better understanding of the total enzymatic activity of the soil. No significant influence of the main treatment methods on the activity of the enzyme catalase and invertase was found, but as for the spread of urease within the soil layers it was revealed: the increase in the activity of the enzyme in the upper soil layer ranging in 0-10 cm and a decrease in its activity with the depth increase was ob-served with the fall of the mechanical load. The use of green manure steam in crop rotation contributed to an in-crease in the number of soil microorganisms and the activity of soil enzymes.

BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AGROPHYTOCENOSES WITH TETRAPLOID MEADOW CLOVER

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Zh. S. Nelyubina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The Third

The biological properties of plants, their mutual relations under different growth conditions and at different periods of their life, must be known for obtaining highly productive agrophytocenoses with participation of a meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Botanical composition and fodder productivity of perennial grasses in agrocenoses with participation of meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik were studied in 2014-2017. It was revealed that in the first and second years of use the agrophytocenosis, the yield of green mass was formed due to meadow tetraploid clover, the share of its participation in the first mowing was at level of 71-87% and 64-97% respectively. Specific weight of clover in multispecies agrocenoses considerably decreased by the third year of use: in the first mowing up to 32-68%, in the second - up to 8-52%. At the same time, the percentage of long-term herbaceous grasses increased: meadow timothy (Phleum pratense L.) - up to 34-54%, eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) - up to 33%, changeable alfalfa (Medicago x varia Martyn) - up to 22-54%, lotus corniculatus (Lotus corniculatus L.) - up to 14-19%. The proportion of weed admixture in single-species clover planting was 12%, in agrocenoses - 2-14%. The grass mixtures clover + timothy and clover + alfalfa + timothy were less infested by weeds. High yield of dry weight of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use - 7.8 and 6.5 tons / ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover has decreased to 2.9 t / ha. On average, for three years of use, the highest yield (6.2-6.3 t / ha) was formed by agrocenoses meadow tetraploid clover + meadow timothy and meadow tetraploid clover + changeable alfalfa + meadow timothy.

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

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