scholarly journals Global Diagnostic Trends of Coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Sidra Afzal ◽  
Tania Naveel ◽  
Mahira Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

For the last few months, COVID-19 has had a significant effect on clinical laboratory. This formalized with existing issues and difficulties for the laboratory evaluation of infections owing to extreme acute coronaviral syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The selection of the relevant respiratory tract specimen from the appropriate anatomical position is key to a timely and correct molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 at the right time in the pre-analytical process. Suitable steps are needed to safeguard laboratory personnel in order to provide accurate test results. The article is aimed at reviewing the literature related to the diagnosis and treatment therapy adapted to compete for novel coronavirus. The study is followed by reviewing 40-45 articles to critically evaluate and extract the possible therapies adapted in the different regions of the world. Serology, radiotherapy, antigen-detection test, point-of-care molecular diagnostics and other radiotherapeutic approaches are found to be efficient and used in several regions of the world.

scholarly journals Maximum Takeoff Gross Weight of Aircraft in Search and Rescue Sorties

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 705-708
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Rescue Mission ◽  
Distribution Of The Maximum ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Several aircraft types are commonly used to perform many search and rescue missions throughout the world. Aircraft have been used because they are able to offer a bird’s eye view of the surrounding search areas. In general, these aircraft come in various shapes, sizes and weights, and have myriad capabilities in carrying rescued and/or injured personnel and also equipment for the search and medical operations during the search and rescue sorties. For an aircraft, takeoff gross weight is important because it will affect the flying performance of the aircraft. To perform an effective search and rescue mission, the right selection of aircraft is essential such that unnecessary resources are not being wasted. In line with this notion, this study examines the distribution of the maximum takeoff gross weight of aircraft that have been typically used in search and rescue sorties. This knowledge will help in the design of future aircraft for such missions and also narrowing the selection of existing aircraft to be used on that kind of operations. It is found from the data analysis that most current operators have been using medium-haul aircraft that have a takeoff gross weight between 4,301 kg and 8,600 kg.

scholarly journals A clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiologicalstudy of pneumonia associated with covid-19 indicating person-to-person transmission

2021 ◽  
pp. 43832-43834
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nextgeneration Sequencing ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: Novel coronavirus outbreak that originated in Wuhan, province of China has now been declared as one of the deadliest pandemics inflicting humankind in last hundred years. Method: In the present study, we have inferred the clinical, laboratory, radiological, and microbiological findings of five patients in a family cluster who presented with unexplained pneumonia after coming back from overseas and touchdown right here in India on 1st March 2020 earlier than lockdown and another member of the family who didn’tvisit thiscountry. Results: From March 10, 2020, we enrolled a family of six patients who travelled to SingaporeonJanuary 10th 2020and returned on March 1st 2020. Of six family members who travelled to Singapore, five were recognised as affected with the radical coronavirus (COVID 19). Additionally, one family member, who did not travel to overseas also became infected with the virus post14 days of staying with four of the family members. Five family members (aged 30–55 years) presented with symptoms like fever, upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, or diarrhoea, or a combination of these 3–6 days after exposure. Phylogenetic evaluation of these five subjects’ RT-PCR amplicons and two full genomes by nextgeneration sequencing presented that this is a novel coronavirus, which is closest to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related coronaviruses. Conclusion: Our findings are steady with person-to-person transmission of this novel coronavirus in hospital (nosocomial) and family settings, and the reports of infected travellers in other geographical regions.

Terminology of cardiac troponin assays and data censoring

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Jarolim
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Test ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Data Censoring ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractWe discuss the sensitivity terminology of cardiac troponin assays and its dependence on the selection of the reference population. In addition, the need for reasonable censoring of clinical laboratory test results is contrasted with potential loss of valuable clinical information.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Diagnosis, Treatments and Prevention: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Soumik Chatterjee ◽  
Sabyasachi Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Novel Coronavirus are very harmful virus. This viruses have positive single stranded RNA genome and enveloped which is called nucleocapsid. The family of this virus is Coronaviridae. This virus originated from species of avian and mammalian. This virus effect on upper respiratory tract in humans. Many species of these novel coronaviruses (HCoVs) are named as HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-NL63. Predominant species of this virus is Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) across the world.  In both adults and childrens HCoV-HKU1 sp. is causes for chronic pulmonary disease and HCoV-NL63 species causes for upper and lower respiratory tract disease. Most recent species of this virus is MERS-CoV. This species caused for acute pneumonia and occasional renal failure. The new strain of novel Coronavirus is SARS-CoV-2. This strain causes for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This disease named by the World Health Organization. Now world fighting against COVID-19 and according to the recent statistics report of world about the COVID-19 cases approx 22.6M confirmed cases and 792K death cases appeared and recovered 14.5M. COVID-19 disease starts to spread from December 2019 from china. Covid-19 disease is emerged in Wuhan seafood market at Wuhan of South China and then rapidly spread throughout the world. The corona virus outbreak has been declared a public health emergency of International concern by World Health Organization (WHO). In this article we summarize the current clinical characteristics of coronavirus and diagnosis, treatments and prevention of COVID-19 disease. In this review article, we analyze data from various Research Reports like WHO guidelines and other articles. It is very important to the readers that new data of COVID-19 updating nearly every hour of day regarding clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and outcomes COVID-19 disease. The degree of COVID-19 disease varying throughout the world. COVID-19 affected patient shows various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue, and malaise among others. The COVID-19 disease is being treated through general treatment like symptomatic treatment, by using antiviral drugs, oxygen therapy and by the immune system. There is no vaccine or therapeutic strategies for deal with this disease yet. In this critical situation preventive measures must be require.  A very important issue in preventing viral infection is hand hygiene. There are other entities that people can boosting the immune system and help in infection prevention.

scholarly journals KONSEP ORWELISASI DAN PARKINSONISASI DALAM SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PUBLIK

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeni Sri Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Bureaucracy ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the importance of the role of the right government system within a country. One of the determinants of the good governance system is based on the accuracy in the selection of government bureaucracy system. Therefore, to provide a more detailed understanding, this article will discuss about the bureaucratic system. This review will examine two bureaucratic systems currently dominantly applied by most countries in the world, namely Orwell Bureaucracy (Orwellization) and Parkinson's Bureaucracy (Parkinsonization). This article is divided into four studies, first on the backgrounds of Orwell and Parkinson, the two studies on the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization framework, the three analyzing the application of both concepts within a country, and the fourth is criticism given by experts to the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization. In this study it is found that the concept of Orwellization and Parkinsonization is still relevant in studying the problems of bureaucratic systems in some countries, the concept of Orwellisasi can create a strong state but weaken the issue of Human Rights (HAM), while the concept of Parkinsonization contributed considerably in the development effort but weaken the system of recruitment of public officials. However, there are some experts who give criticism to the concept of  ureaucracy Orwellisasi and Parkinsonisasi this, this is not apart from weakness owned by each bureaucracy concept. Keywords: bureaucracy, Orwellisasi, dan Parkinsonisasi 

scholarly journals Ultrasound Detection of the Aquarium Sign at the Bedside

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihiro Kaga ◽  
Emi Yamashita ◽  
Takeshi Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mesenteric Ischaemia ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
The Right ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: The aquarium sign is the name given to a large quantity of bubble-like echoes that suggests the presence of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG). Few studies in the literature have addressed the relationship between the aquarium sign and HPVG. In some cases, HPVG can only be detected using ultrasonography. HPVG can be observed in a variety of conditions, including those that require emergency surgery, such as acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI). Therefore, it is important to identify the presence of HPVG as soon as possible.  Materials and methods: We report a case of the aquarium sign, where bubble-like echoes flowed from the right atrium towards the right ventricle, which was identified using bedside cardiac ultrasonography as part of a point-of-care ultrasound test. Results: This aquarium sign finding led to the diagnosis of AMI, which was confirmed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).  Conclusion: The aquarium sign is a useful finding suggestive of HPVG and mesenteric ischaemia, which can be rapidly and easily observed using bedside cardiac ultrasonography. However, there are very few reports on the aquarium sign. The inability of other more cumbersome diagnostic imaging modalities, such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging, to detect HPVG emphasizes the utility and convenience of detecting the aquarium sign using bedside ultrasonography. This technique can lead to early detection of life-threatening diseases as well as improve the prognosis for patients. The diagnostic implications of the aquarium sign for HPVG are still unclear and require further research.

Viral Respiratory Infections: New Tools for a Rapid Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (06) ◽  
pp. 747-758
Author(s):  
Luna Colagrossi ◽  
Giordana Mattana ◽  
Livia Piccioni ◽  
Valeria Cento ◽  
Carlo Federico Perno
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Diagnostic Strategies ◽  
Antibiotics Use ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Viral Respiratory Infections

AbstractRespiratory tract infection is one of the most common diseases in human worldwide. Many viruses are implicated in these infections, including emerging viruses, such as the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Identification of the causative viral pathogens of respiratory tract infections is important to select a correct management of patients, choose an appropriate treatment, and avoid unnecessary antibiotics use. Different diagnostic approaches present variable performance in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and time-to-result, that have to be acknowledged to be able to choose the right diagnostic test at the right time, in the right patient. This review describes currently available rapid diagnostic strategies and syndromic approaches for the detection of viruses commonly responsible for respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Types of Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Testing: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. e59-e65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie C Smithgall ◽  
Mitra Dowlatshahi ◽  
Steven L Spitalnik ◽  
Eldad A Hod ◽  
Alex J Rai
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Point Of Care Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratories ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Clinical Laboratory Testing

Abstract Clinical laboratory testing routinely provides actionable results, which help direct patient care in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been causing disease (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) in patients, beginning in China and now extending worldwide. In this context of a novel viral pandemic, clinical laboratories have developed multiple novel assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and for managing patients afflicted with this illness. These include molecular and serologic-based tests, some with point-of-care testing capabilities. Herein, we present an overview of the types of testing available for managing patients with COVID-19, as well as for screening of potential plasma donors who have recovered from COVID-19.

scholarly journals SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN PEMILIHAN PENGURUS INTI DAN ANGGOTA BARU MENGGUNAKAN METODE SIMPLE ADDITIVE WEIGHTING (SAW) BERBASIS WEBSITE (STUDI KASUS: HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Licantik Licantik ◽  
Widiatry Widiatry ◽  
Pebriana Lorenza
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Students ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Decision Matrix ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
New Members ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

Informatics Engineering of Palangka Raya University have an organization that called Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Informatika (HMTI). Problems that are often encountered in a set one of them is in taking the best choice for candidates for core management and membership in each new management period. Another obstacle faced is in making decisions not using methods that can handle these problems with many criteria. The number of considerations certainly has the hope of obtaining good human resources for the set, it's just that sometimes it becomes a difficulty for the old management to take the best choice for the right successor candidate and in accordance with the position and division in the set so that a container is needed to bridge these activities so that they can run well and effectively. The methodology used in the development is by simple additive weighting method and Waterfall According to Sommerville. simple additive weighting method has 4 steps that is determine the criteria, determine the suitability assessment, make a decision matrix based on criteria (Ci) then normalize the matrix, then summarize the multiplication of the R atomized matrix with the increase vector, get the large value chosen as the best (Ai) as a solution.From the test results it can be concluded that the decision support system website for the selection of core managers and new members using the simple additive weighting method at the Collection Informatics Engineering Students of Palangka Raya University is going well

scholarly journals Implementation of an interactive mobile application to pilot a rapid assay to detect HIV drug resistance mutations in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D Vrana ◽  
Nuttada Panpradist ◽  
Nikki Higa ◽  
Daisy Ko ◽  
Parker Ruth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Virologic Failure ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Low Resource Settings ◽  
Software Application ◽  
Low Resource

Introduction: Usability is an overlooked aspect of implementing lab-based assays, particularly novel assays in low-resource-settings. Esoteric instructions can lead to irreproducible test results and patient harm. To address these issues, we developed a software application based on ″Aquarium″, a laboratory-operating system run on a computer tablet that provides step-by-step digital interactive instructions, protocol management, and sample tracking. Aquarium was paired with a near point-of-care HIV drug resistance test, ″OLA-Simple″, that detects mutations associated with virologic failure. In this observational study we evaluated the performance of Aquarium in guiding untrained users through the multi-step laboratory protocol with little supervision. Methods: A feasibility study was conducted in a laboratory at Coptic Hope Center in Nairobi, Kenya. To evaluate the training by Aquarium software, twelve volunteers who were unfamiliar with the kit performed the test on blinded samples (2 blood specimens; 5 codons/sample). Steps guided by Aquarium included: CD4+ T-Cell separation, PCR, ligation, detection, and interpretation of test results. Participants filled out a short survey regarding their demographics and experience with the software and kit. Results and discussion: 12/12 laboratory technicians had no prior experience performing CD4+ separation and 7/12 had no experience performing laboratory-based molecular assays. 12/12 isolated CD4+ T cells from whole blood with yields comparable to isolations performed by trained personnel. The OLA-Simple workflow was completed by all, with correct visual and software interpretation of results for 90% (108/120) and 97% (116/120) of codons, respectively. In the surveys, participants favorably assessed the use of software guidance. Conclusions: Aquarium digital instructions enabled first-time users in Kenya to complete the OLA-simple kit workflow with minimal training. Aquarium could increase the accessibility of laboratory assays in low-resource-settings and potentially standardize implementation of clinical laboratory tests.

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