scholarly journals EPONYMOUS TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF HUMAN SKULL

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
N. O. Cherkun ◽  
O. Holovko
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Didactic Texts

It is well known fact that in the domain of morphological sciences, e. g. human anatomy, clinical, topographical and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc., eponymous terms are very common and have been being used for a long time. Eponymous terms are used to cover a wide variety of anatomical structures ranging from the most important to a less important in clinical practice. Eponyms in medical terminology in some cases result in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept and therefore, there seems to be reasonable to replace some eponymous terms with somewhat descriptive terms. This work was aimed at studying eponymous terms for human skull syndromes in anatomical terminology related to the human skull by reviewing relevant literature. The research methodology includes generally accepted scientific methods: dialectical, historical and chronological, bibliographical and descriptive ones. Nowadays, eponymous terms in the domain of human anatomy are an inseparable part of academic and didactic texts (monographs, students’ textbooks, research articles, etc.) and, as they are shorter than their non-eponymous variants, they may provide the texts with laconism. The eponyms studied are valuable in the reconstruction of the origin of a concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The use of eponyms in medical terminology has been more frequent than in other domains, which has in some cases resulted in the use of two or more synonyms for the same concept. The anatomical terms, which include names or surnames of researchers who were the first describe certain anatomical structures greatly contributes to a better understanding of the topographical and anatomical characteristics of an organ or a body area. The study of eponymous terms also contributes to the a stronger understanding of the evolution of clinical disciplines, to fostering critical thinking, as well as is a prerequisite for developing professional competence of medical students, their masterying the medical language.

scholarly journals EPONYMIC TERMS IN MORPHOLOGY OF HUMAN HEAD AND NECK STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
V. H. Hryn ◽  
N. L. Svintsytska ◽  
T. F. Deineha ◽  
V. P. Bilash ◽  
O. V. Dubrovina
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

Introduction. In the morphological sciences (human anatomy, clinical, topographic and pathological anatomy, histology, embryology, cytology, etc.), eponyms have been used for a long time. Experts apply eponymous terms, which contribute to the professional development of healthcare professionals, enrich their intellectual background, because an eponym comprises a piece of history and culture that have been created from the earliest times. Therefore, investigating eponyms in the medicine domain is of great cultural and professional importance. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the origin of eponyms relating to musculo-fascial structures of the human head and neck, and to obtain more information about the scientists whose names were given to certain terms through bibliographic analysis of the literature. Materials and methods. The methodology included general philosophical and general scientific research methods: dialectical, historical-chronological, bibliographic-descriptive, analytical, etc. Results and conclusions. The study of the eponymic terms contribute to the medical science by presenting the names of not only those scientists who are still remaining in the memory of grateful descendants, but also those who contributed to science, and then were undeservedly forgotten. Eponyms allow one to navigate the history of medical science, especially over the period of discoveries and detailed studies of anatomical structures. On the one hand, a certain national flavour of the subject is rendered by the eponym, on the other hand, one can conduct an important and necessary excursion into the history of medicine; also, unusual and non-standard eponyms can facilitate memorization of the subject.

Anatomy: learning the language

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Ian Peate
Keyword(s):  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
First Time ◽  
Healthcare Assistant ◽  
Assistant Practitioner

This article is the first in a series that focuses on anatomy and physiology. Human anatomy, just like any other technical subject, has its own vocabulary. When learning anatomy for the first time, it can sometimes feel like you are learning a new language. This article provides the reader with an understanding of the language used when discussing various anatomical concepts. The healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) will need to understand anatomical terminology accurately, so as to provide care that is safe and effective. The article addresses roots, prefixes and suffixes, anatomical position, regional terms, directional terms, body planes and body cavities. Each article in the series ends with a glossary of terms helping readers understand some of the terminology that has been used. A series of ‘test yourself’ questions is also provided.

Soviet Specialist Baiting: The Case of N. A. Dobrosmyslov

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
The State ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
High Salary ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Continued Employment ◽  
The Revolution

AbstractFor many communists working in the Soviet state apparatus during the 1920s, the state's continued employment of so-called “bourgeois specialists” (spetsy) was an ideological affront and an obstacle to proletarian advancement. In their eyes, until the spetsy were removed and workers staffed the institutions of the state, the revolution would be neither secure nor its promises fulfilled. Based on archival research, this article traces rank-and-file communists' attempts to remove one such specialist, N. A. Dobrosmyslov, from his position in the Tax Department (Gosnalog) of the People's Commissariat of Finances (Narkomfin). Dobrosmyslov had been a long-time official in the tsarist tax bureaucracy and had also worked for the Provisional Government in 1917. Communist opposition to him took the form of a denunciation campaign that focused on his alleged anti-Sovietism, his professional competence, his arrogant manner, his high salary, and his attempt to obtain a large pension from the government. The documents related to the case reveal the atmosphere of suspicion and often open hostility that surrounded the spetsy. They provide evidence of the contrasting evaluations of the spetsy made by leading communist administrators and by the lower-level communists who worked closely with them. They also show how important the issue of material compensation was for this latter group. Finally, the case provides an example of how biography could be interpreted and manipulated to serve particular ends, especially in the context of political and personal denunciation.

scholarly journals Struktura znaczeniowa słownictwa anatomicznego w Nowym dykcjonarzu M.A. Troca

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Beata Kuryłowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Terminology ◽  
Uniform Size ◽  
Semantic Relationships ◽  
Anatomical Terminology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lexical Field

This article is an attempt to perform a semantic analysis of anatomical vocabulary collected by Michał Abraham Troc in Nowy dykcjonarz, published in Lipsk in 1764. The aim of individual analyses based on the lexical field theory is to demonstrate the meaning of lexemes, to determine their place within a field, as well as to disclose semantic relationships: synonymy, polysemy and hyponymy. The semantic analysis presented in this article clearly demonstrates abundance and differentiation of 18th century anatomical vocabulary, as well as prevalence of native over borrowed words. Among 250 names, only eleven units are borrowings from foreign languages: seven Latin and four German ones. This provides evidence there is a fundamental role of native lexis, especially colloquial vocabulary, in the formation of Polish anatomical terminology, and, more extensively, also medical terminology, in the first phase of its development which continued until the end of the 18th century. Of note is also the non-uniform arrangement of lexemes in individual fields and asymmetry in their number. Selected lexical fields are characterised by non-uniform size, different level of semantic stratification and differentiated degree of generality of words they contain. On the other hand, semantic relations observed in the analysed anatomical vocabulary, especially synonymy and polysemy, confirm there is a differentiation of anatomical lexis, on the other hand, they indicate lack of precision in expressing content by the discussed lexical units.

scholarly journals Professional competence of future economists in the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Natalia Liba ◽  
Tetiana Chernychko ◽  
Vitalii Rybchak
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Information Professional ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Entrepreneurial Knowledge ◽  
Selection Of

The formation of professional competences of modern economists requires from the educational institution, from the teachers fundamentally new approaches in professional education: the integration of pedagogical, economic and entrepreneurial knowledge, skills and abilities. The aim of the study is to analyze modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence«, to find out the components of professional competence for the preparation of future economists. General scientific methods of research have been applied: induction and deduction, refinement and classification. The modern approaches to the formulation of the concept of »competence« have been analyzed in the article. Historical and terminological analysis of its essence made it possible to find out the components, the structure of professional competence. Special attention has been paid to the content of key and substantive competence. The formation of professional competence of economists must be carried out taking into account the modern requirements in the field of education, educational programs of the specialty. Thus, a highly skilled economist one can become due to a high motivational indicator, confidence in the correct selection of the future kind of activity, the desire to acquire as much information professional material and its transformation into knowledge, which will lead to professionalism in the process of the vocational practice. In the subsequent research, we will substantiate the process of forming the competitiveness of future economists.

App Design and Implementation for Learning Human Anatomy Through Virtual and Augmented Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Santiago González Izard ◽  
Juan Antonio Juanes Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Virtual And Augmented Reality ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
App Design

The influence of augmented reality (RA) and virtual reality (RV) techniques is analyzed in the process of teaching-learning for the human anatomy subject, in particular in health science students. For this purpose, two applications have been designed for mobile devices and virtual reality glasses with the purpose of incorporating these techniques in teaching for the study of human anatomy to facilitate the students with better learning of anatomical body contents through these technological procedures. In this way it is intended to achieve a better transmission of knowledge to students in an effective, visual, interactive, and close way. The authors believe that these technological tools constitute an excellent complementary medium to the traditional atlases, facilitating the learning of the anatomical structures.

Clinical anatomy of the pelvis and the reproductive organs

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Thomas Ind
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Surgical Skills ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Clinical Anatomy ◽  
Gynaecological Surgery ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Surgical Practice

Proficient surgery requires good basic surgical skills and an understanding of the relevant anatomy. The time when a surgeon watched an operation, performed the same procedure, and then taught it has elapsed. Routine formulaic surgical procedures have become outdated and modern surgical practice is focused on individual patients and their specific needs. The main focus of surgery is now dedicated to the competent obtainment of skills and a complete understanding of human anatomy and its variations. This chapter focuses on the main anatomical structures encountered during gynaecological surgery. The anatomy of the pelvis in relation to the fetal skull is also covered.

Optimal Selection of Business Managers for Integrated Marketing Communications Companies Using AHP and GRA

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pi-Fang Hsu ◽  
En-Ping Lin ◽  
Chia-Wen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communications ◽  
Business Manager ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Modified Delphi

As today's consumers encounter different types of media, communication channel has become omnipresent. The vast array of marketing tools available to advertisers have lessened the use of traditional media advertising and seen the rapid rise of Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) in response to it. This study establishes a model divided into two sections. The first part uses the relevant literature and a Modified Delphi Method to find the best selection criteria for an IMC company's business manager, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the relative weights of the criteria. The second part uses the Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) to rank the alternatives and select the appropriate business manager. Finally, with an IMC company as an example, the authors use this model for empirical research. The results show that the emphasis on the criteria of professional competence, personal qualities, creative thinking, social skills and self-regulation. This research provides a new model for selecting a business manager, in addition to providing a reference basis for decision makers.

scholarly journals Ethic of responsibility and the future of nature

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Miso Kulic
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Essential Question ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Free Thought ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The One

The question of science is the one that concerns the very foundations of our reality and, in addition to that, it is a question that deals not only with our natural reality, with what was once called the "natural nature", but also with social and technological reality produced by science itself, which for a long time now is our second nature. Science has become not only the instrument by which we try to understand the reality of nature, through the process of creating reality, forming and transforming nature, it has become the reality in which we live itself, and without which, as it seems, we could hardly go on living. However, even though science as an instrument for understanding reality has become the reality which we have produced ourselves, we are still, paradoxically enough, far from answering the essential question: What is science? Since the question of science is at the same time the one of the production of reality, it is obvious that the question "what is science?" does not amount to a self-evident question asked by a scientist regarding his scientific field. It is not only a question concerning the nature of scientific knowledge, or of scientific methods of scientific results achieved. What is at stake here is the insight concerning social and political usage of science, that the reality, which is produced by the sciences, reveals to us even in the forms of its deification, manipulation, ideologization and virtualization. Is persevering in its science-Enlightenment paradigm of human emancipation or does it, on the wave of critical self-reflection spanning all the way through the 20th century, more and more question, as Paul Feyerabend (Against Method) does, the extent of constraints imposed on free thought which it produces itself? Of course, the other side of the questioning itself belongs here too: scientific progress can be evaluated regardless of its consequences, of the dangerous threats it poses to our future: nuclear annihilation, ecological pollution or climate changes which endanger the survival of the living world ? 

scholarly journals DIGITAL ERA IN CROSS-SECTIONAL HUMAN ANATOMY: THE USE OF DETAILED IMAGES IN THE STUDY PROCESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Dzintra Kazoka ◽  
Mara Pilmane
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Group I ◽  
Virtual Dissection

INTRODUCTION An increasing number of digital technologies have been introduced which assist in some practical aspects of the teaching and learning of Human Anatomy. For modern-day students, more and more cross-sectional images of the human body are available as materials in their studies. Digital 2D images and/or 3D images such as high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance (MR) have been received with much enthusiasm and have found their way into anatomy courses and practical classes. An emphasis on sectional anatomy can help medical students develop and improve their knowledge of cross‐sectional imaging. The aim of this study was to assess and verify the impact of cross-sectional images on the study of Human Anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 200 medical students in their 2nd study year at Rīga Stradiņš University were included in this investigation in 2018. In practical classes, all students were asked by tutors to identify several anatomical structures using "Anatomage", a 3D virtual dissection table (USA). They were randomly divided into two groups: Group I analysed cross-sectional images of the human body after cutting and segmentation with interactive tools; Group II studied X-rays, CT scans and MRI images of different regions and systems. Similar images in all possible cross-sectional planes were displayed. The pathological findings from the cross-sectional images were used to develop several clinical questions and cases. At the beginning of each practical class, the tutor spent about 30 minutes demonstrating the themes in the images to all the students. At the end of the teaching session, their understanding of the relationships between anatomical structures and the rate of cross-sectional image effectiveness among both groups was assessed by means of discussion. RESULTS By this time, students were able to identify the position of bones and organs from the lectures, practical classes and dissections. The majority of students recognized the landmarks, anatomical structures and relationships between them on cross-sectional images in three planes. By removing different kinds of tissue, students in both groups were able to learn more difficult anatomical topics and to explain details in these complicated regions. Self-assessment exercises helped students verify their understanding of topographical relations and regional anatomy. In these groups, students with less prior anatomy experience wanted to focus more on the basics of anatomy whereas students with more prior anatomy experience wanted to see and study more complex and interactive materials in cross-sectional images. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the role of the 3D virtual dissection table "Anatomage" in facilitating students' ability to interpret cross-sectional images and understand the relationships between different anatomical structures. All the X-rays, CT scans and MRI cross-sectional images used played an important role in the teaching and learning of Human Anatomy. Skills and the ability to interpret these medical images is important for the application of anatomical knowledge right from basic studies until clinical courses.  

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