scholarly journals PREGABALINS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC AND ALCOHOLIC POLYNEUROPATHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
N.V. Vasylieva ◽  
I.I. Krychun
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Conduction Block ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Leading Position

Diseases of the peripheral nervous system are ranking a leading position among other neurological nosologies. And polyneuropathy is known as more prevalent and severe disease. Numerous scientific reports highlight issues on different pathological conditions in relation to polyneuropathy, and in particular intoxications, hypovitaminosis (isolated or as complications of certain pathological processes), infectious and hereditary diseases, paraneoplastic syndromes, metabolic disorders, allergic reactions. These diseases when uncontrolled or untreated may result in the development of complications, among which is polyneuropathy. The diagnosis of polyneuropathy is relatively not difficult, because the disease is manifested as distal symmetrical sensory and/or motor impairments with transient disorders of autonomic nervous system. Diabetic polyneuropathy, in particular, is a late complication of diabetes mellitus, which determines the prognosis of the disease. Alcoholic polyneuropathy in a form of acute, subacute or chronic current variants is caused by the combined effects of thiamine toxicity and vitamin deficiency. At the same time, dysmetabolic polyneuropathies differ by variability of clinical manifestations and the general developmental patterns of the nerve conduction block that is determined by the peculiarities of degenerative and regenerative processes under different pathogenetic factors. Differential diagnosis of polyneuropathies is mainly based on the detection of somatic pathology and the comparison of the dynamic changes in the course of the diseases and clinical manifestations. The study has demonstrated diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies have clear distinct clinical-neurophysiological patterns. The article also highlights the treatment outcomes of combination therapy with pregabalin for diabetic and alcoholic polyneuropathies.

scholarly journals GENETIC DIAGNOSTICS AND CLINICAL FEATURES OF WILSON’S DISEASE IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Ivanna Haiboniuk ◽  
Marta Dats-Opoka ◽  
Halyna Makukh ◽  
Yaryna Boyko ◽  
Igor Kiselyk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Wilson’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Wilson's Disease ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Atp7b Gene ◽  
Hepatobiliary System ◽  
Child Age

A disorder of copper metabolism at Wilson’s disease (WD), conditioned by a mutation of adenosine thriphospate P-type gene (ATP7B), results in irreversible changes in the liver and in the nervous system. Mortality is high at WD, but it is one of hereditary diseases, well subjected to the therapy. The disease is manifested in the early age, but its clinical course in children is symptomless that essentially complicates diagnostics. A single reliable method is genetic analysis for revealing mutations in ATP7B gene. The aim of the work was to analyze clinical manifestations and course of Wilson’s disease cases, genetically verified in children by detecting mutations of ATP7B gene. The research group included children of 6-17 years old with different injury degrees of the hepatobiliary system. According to results of the molecular-genetic analysis, the most spread allele variant of ATP7B gene (H1069Q) in Europe was confirmed in 10 patients of child age, including 4 cases of homozygosity. In 10 cases of the confirmed diagnosis of Wilson’s disease in child age in 100% (in all 10) of persons, a clinical manifestation was characterized by disorders from the hepatobiliary system, and only in 1 (10 %) – changes from the nervous system. At raising the level of transaminase in children, even at the normal bilirubin level and negative tests for viral hepatitis, it is recommended to carry out genetic testing for Wilson’s disease

Neoplastic potential for malformations of the development of ecto- and mesodermal structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Zhuzhuna M. Tsotsonava ◽  
Vladimir V. Belopasov ◽  
Natal’ya V. Tkacheva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Hereditary Diseases ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Skin Blood Vessels

Introduction.Malformations of ecto- and mesodermal structures represent various forms of abnormality of intrauterine systemic and local morphogenesis, arising at different times of embryonic development due to environmental factors, genomic, chromosomal or gene mutations. Dysregulation of cellular functions due to mutations and accumulation of defective proteins initiates tumor transformation of tissues e.g. hereditary diseases of ectomesodermal origin phakomatosis (hamartomatosis). The aim of the studywas to determine organ specificity, clinical manifestations, morphological features and the degree of progression of tumors of the nervous system and internal organs in hereditary diseases of ectomesodermal origin. Materials and methods.103 patients with hereditary phakomatosis were examined. All of them underwent a comprehensive clinical imaging examination, including magnetic resonance imaging, echocardioscopy, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, kidneys, retroperitoneal space, and computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and lungs. Results.The reason for the treatment of patients was the occurrence of focal neurological symptoms, focal and/or generalized epileptic seizures. Clinical manifestations were determined by the form of the disease. The risk of the development and progression of various neoplasms is the highest in neurofibromatosis type III, tuberous sclerosis, neurocutaneous melanosis, multiple endocrine neoplasia, angiomatosis of HippelLindau, Louis-Bar . Favorable benign and stable course, low malignant potential are distinguishing characteristics of pigment-vascular phakomatoses type IV. Conclusion.Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of various malformations of the skin, blood vessels, and the nervous system associated with tumor growth in cells and tissues is practically significant. Early diagnosis and the use of modern technologies of conservative and surgical treatment allow achieving a predictable result, prevent the development of severe complications, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients with this pathology.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF SPECIFIC ANTIBODY SYNTHESIS IN BRAIN OF PATIENTS WITH NEUROINFECTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1437-1441
Author(s):  
Pavel Dyachenko ◽  
Igor Filchakov ◽  
Anatoly Dyachenko ◽  
Victoria Kurhanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Intrathecal Synthesis ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Mrz Reaction ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Viral encephalitis accounts for 40-70% of all cases worldwide, central nervous system infections pose a diagnostic challenge because clinical manifestations are not typically pathognomonic for specific pathogens, and a wide range of agents can be causative. The aim: To assess the diagnostic value of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies in patients with inflammatory lesions of the central nervous system. Materials and methods: Within the framework of the study, two groups of 90 people in each were formed from the patients with neuroinfections admitted to our Center. Intrathecal synthesis (ITS) of total (unspecific) IgG in members of one of group (group of compare) was determined. Brain synthesis of specific antibodies (Ab) to some neurotropic pathogens (herpes simplex virus 1/2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella zoster virus, rubella virus, Borrelies) was studied in the second group of patients (group of interest). There were no statistically significant differences between groups by gender and age. Encephalitis and encephalomyelitis prevailed among patients of both groups Results: ITS of total IgG was established in 30 (33.3 ± 6.1 %) patients of the first group with IgG index more than 0.6 indicating on inflammatory process in CNS and no marked changes of CSF. ITS of specific Ab was determined in 23 of 90 (25.6 ± 4.6 %) patients included into group of interest. In more than half of cases Ab to several infectious agents were detected simultaneously. ITS of various specificity, in particular, to measles and rubella viruses, and VZV, known as MRZ-reaction, is characteristic of some autoimmune lesions of CNS, multiple sclerosis first of all. In fact, further research of 5 patients with MRZ-reaction confirmed their autoimmune failure of CNS. Detection of ITS in the CSF samples didn’t depend on concentration of specific Ab in serum and CSF and wasn’t followed by HEB dysfunctions which were observed with the same frequency in patients with or without ITS (13.0 % and 13.6 % respectively). Conclusion: Specific Ab synthesis to several neurotropic pathogens in the CSF of significant part of examined patients was established. Thus, diagnostic value of ITS of specific immunoglobulins seems to be limited to cases in which autoimmune damage of the CNS is suspected.

Multiple Myeloma or Brucellosis: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein A. Rahdar ◽  
Mansoor Kodori ◽  
Mohamad R. Salehi ◽  
Mahsa Doomanlou ◽  
Morteza Karami-Zarandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Parental Treatment

Background: Brucellosis, a major health problem in developing countries, is a multisystem infection with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Hematological complications, ranging from an intravascular coagulopathy to mild homeostasis disorders (such as gammopathy), have been reported in brucella infection. These signs and symptoms may lead to misdiagnosis of brucellosis with other hematological diseases. Case: A 65-year-old male whose occupation was shepherding was referred to our hospital as a known case of multiple myeloma with continuous fever, muscle weakness, and night sweating after taking 2 courses of chemotherapy. The laboratory diagnosis of multiple myeloma had been based on the observation of a high percent of plasma cells in the bone marrow aspiration. At follow- up, the result of patient's fever workup, with 2 sets of blood cultures, was positive for Brucella melitensis. Isolated brucella was confirmed as B. melitensis by 16S rRNA sequencing. Brucellosis serologic test was performed by agglutination test and positive results were obtained. The patient was discharged with the cessation of fever and general improvement after the end of the parental treatment phase of brucella bacteremia. Conclusions: Brucella infection may cause a severe disease, mimicking a primary hematological disease, which could complicate the correct diagnosis. In brucellosis cases, due to the wide range of symptoms, in addition to cultivation and serological methods, molecular methods should also be used to prevent inappropriate diagnosis and additional costs.

scholarly journals Genetic polymorphism for IFNγ +874T/A in patients with acute toxoplasmosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth de Souza Neves ◽  
André Luis Land Curi ◽  
Maira Cavalcanti de Albuquerque ◽  
Cassius Schnel Palhano-Silva ◽  
Laura Berriel da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Control Study

INTRODUCTION: A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the gene encoding gamma interferon influences its production and is associated with severity of infectious diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IFNγ+874T/A SNP with duration of disease, morbidity, and development of retinochoroiditis in acute toxoplasmosis. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted among 30 patients and 90 controls. RESULTS: Although statistical associations were not confirmed, A-allele was more common among retinochoroiditis cases and prolonged illness, while T-allele was more frequent in severe disease. CONCLUSIONS: Despite few cases, the results could indicate a relation between IFNγ+874T/A single nucleotide polymorphism and clinical manifestations of toxoplasmosis.

Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of long-haul COVID‑19 impact on nervous system

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
A. N. Barinov ◽  
L. S. Moshkhoeva ◽  
E. V. Parkhomenko ◽  
E. V. Emikh ◽  
I. P. Yastrebtseva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate

The current outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 (COVID-19) has raised great concern worldwide, but its impact on nervous system still needs more investigation. Thirty per cent of symptomatic patients with COVID‑19 will have symptoms that last longer than the typical two weeks, 10 % have symptoms longer than 3 months and this is called ‘long-COVID’. These symptoms affect not only people with severe disease, but also those with milder cases. Many long-haulers experience the same symptoms they had during their initial fight with COVID‑19, such as fatigue, cognitive impairment (or brain fog), difficulty breathing, headache, depression, insomnia and loss of the sense of taste and\or smell. Treatment of those complications with citicoline, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and vitamin B improves these symptoms in patients but most of them also need cognitive therapy for dehypochondrisation.

#14: Blastomycosis in 64 Wisconsin Children: Unanticipated Infection Risk and Severity in Urban Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S8-S8
Author(s):  
Jaimee M Hall ◽  
Peter L Havens ◽  
Errin A Mitchell ◽  
Gabriel N De Vela ◽  
Lauren L Titus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Urban Children ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Exposure Source

Abstract Background Blastomycosis is an endemic mycosis of immunocompetent individuals, typically seen after exposure to wooded areas near rivers, lakes, and streams in rural locations, and often not considered a disease of urban environments. Disease can be isolated to lung, or disseminate to skin, bone, or central nervous system. Factors influencing disease acquisition and severity in children are unknown. Methods We analyzed acquisition risk factors and disease characteristics of blastomycosis in children treated at a tertiary care center from 1998–2018 to identify exposure source and measure disease severity, to identify cases without “typical exposure”, and to measure the effect of race on disease severity. Results Of 64 children, median age was 13.3 years, 72% were male, 38% resided in urban counties, and 50% had typical environmental exposure. Isolated pulmonary infection occurred in 33 (52%). The remaining children had evidence of dissemination including skin (N=13), bone (N=16; 7 clinically silent), and central nervous system (N=7; 3 clinically silent). Infection was moderate/severe in 19 (30%). Two children (3%) died. 79% of children with moderate/severe disease (p=0.008) and 71% of urban children (p=0.007) had no typical environmental exposure. Comparing children from urban counties to other residences, 63% versus 5% were black (p<0.001) and 71% versus 35% developed extrapulmonary dissemination (p=0.006). Moderate/severe disease occurred in 7/17 (42%) black and 12/47 (26%) children of other race (p=0.23). Conclusions Blastomycosis, endemic in urban children in the absence of typical exposure history, has frequent, sometimes clinically silent, extrapulmonary dissemination, with a trend toward more severe disease in black children.

scholarly journals Assessment of Acute Oral and Dermal Toxicity of 2 Ethyl-Carbamates with Activity againstRhipicephalus microplusin Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa ◽  
Ricardo Alfonso Gutiérrez-Amezquita ◽  
Víctor Hugo Abrego-Reyes ◽  
Ana María Velázquez-Sánchez ◽  
Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dermal Toxicity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Coagulative Necrosis ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Oral Doses ◽  
Dermal Application

The acute oral and dermal toxicity of two new ethyl-carbamates (ethyl-4-bromophenyl-carbamate and ethyl-4-chlorophenyl-carbamate) with ixodicide activity was determined in rats. The oral LD50of each carbamate was 300 to 2000 mg/kg, and the dermal LD50of each carbamate was >5000 mg/kg. Clinically, the surviving rats that had received oral doses of each carbamate showed decreased weight gain (P<0.05) and had slight nervous system manifestations. These clinical signs were evident from the 300 mg/kg dose and were reversible, whereas the 2000 mg/kg dose caused severe damage and either caused their death or was motive for euthanasia. At necropsy, these rats had dilated stomachs and cecums with diffuse congestion, as well as moderate congestion of the liver. Histologically, the liver showed slight degenerative lesions, binucleated hepatocytes, focal coagulative necrosis, and congestion areas; the severity of the lesions increased with dosage. Furthermore, an slight increase in gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine was observed in the plasma. The dermal application of the maximum dose (5000 mg/kg) of each carbamate did not cause clinical manifestations or liver and skin alterations. This finding demonstrates that the carbamates under study have a low oral hazard and low acute dermal toxicity.

scholarly journals Neurofibromatosis: chronological history and current issues

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Roberto Antonio ◽  
Eny Maria Goloni-Bertollo ◽  
Livia Arroyo Tridico
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Genetic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Von Recklinghausen

Neurofibromatosis, which was first described in 1882 by Von Recklinghausen, is a genetic disease characterized by a neuroectodermal abnormality and by clinical manifestations of systemic and progressive involvement which mainly affect the skin, nervous system, bones, eyes and possibly other organs. The disease may manifest in several ways and it can vary from individual to individual. Given the wealth of information about neurofibromatosis, we attempted to present this information in different ways. In the first part of this work, we present a chronological history, which describes the evolution of the disease since the early publications about the disorder until the conclusion of this work, focusing on relevant aspects which can be used by those wishing to investigate this disease. In the second part, we present an update on the various aspects that constitute this disease.

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