APPLICATION OF OBJECTIVE AND SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION METHODS FOR MASTICATORY FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH MANDIBULAR OVERDENTURES

Appropriate chewing function is an important indicator of oral health, and masticatory efficiency assessment is one of the most objective methods of prosthetic treatment quality control. In the globe dental practice, static and dynamic chewing tests are still considered to be the main methods of masticatory function assessment. Thus, there is an extension of functionally-oriented clinical investigations base, which actualizes the importance of this work. The aim of the work was to evaluate the masticatory function of patients that use mandibular overdentures by studying the results of physiological masticatory test and self-assessment indicators of dental health associated with the use of dentures. Materials and methods. The clinical trials were carried out in two stages. At the first stage upon informed consent an examination of 20 student volunteers aged 18-22 years (control group -I) and 36 patients -17 women, 19 men (aged 57-76 years) with complete mandibular removable dentures (comparison group -II) was proceeded. Patients of the group I underwent physiological masticatory test with agar-agar samples formed according to UMSA method, patients of group II- masticatory test procedure and interview survey. The second stage was performed by the group III–42 persons –23 women, 19 men (aged 56-89 years) at 1, 6 and 12 months after mandibular dental arch restoration with complete removable overdentures, fixed by spherical attachments. Chewing efficiency was determined using masticatory physiological test and problem-oriented questionnaires. Video registration by Nikon Digital Camera D3200 was used to determine chewing time, number of movements and peculiarities of the mastication process. All patients of groups II and III in personal interview survey answered 6 questions about indicators of oral health connected with the use of dentures. Questions were formed according to European Oral Health Indicators (2005). Statistical data analysis was performed by standard statistics variation methods with Statistica 6.0 Program use. Results and discussion. All the parameters of physiological masticatory test: duration of chewing, group I 25,3±2,8 sec. group II 67,3±3,7 sec., group III 60.5±3.5 sec, number of chewing movements in group I was 58.3±4,8, in group II − 82.3±6.3, in group III − 68.8±3,4, samples mass loss: group I − ≤0,13(4,3%), group II − ≤0,21(7,0%), group III − ≤0,18(5,9%). Diminution Index obtained: group I − 1.85±0.5, group II – 3.33±0.7, group III – 2.48±0.5). Masticatory efficiency level in patients of the group III prevailed over group II by the respective parameters. Masticatory test video registration data analysis showed that the patients of group I diminished test samples with bilateral chewing pattern, as the majority of group II patients, while patients in group II employed combined— uni- and bilateral chewing pattern. According to the average values of the expression of all oral health-related questionnaire indicators: chewing difficulties - 2.67 ± 1.35 vs 0.50 ± 0.20*; excessive bite closure efforts - 1.19 ± 0.65 vs 0.57 ± 0.30*; limited food consumption 2.83 ± 1.35 vs 0.59 ± 0.30*; oral lesions 2.39 ± 1.20 vs 0.56 ± 0.30*; difficulty non-chewing movements 2.14 ± 1.05 vs 0.51 ± 0.30*; uncertainty about reaching treatment goals 2.06 ± 1.10 vs 0.66 ± 0.30*. A statistically significant (p <0.05) difference in favor of group III was clearly demonstrated. Conclusions The results of physiological masticatory test and patients interview survey indicated favorable adaptation process to mandibular overdentures with reestablished masticatory function restoration during 12 months of use. Masticatory efficiency and oral health indicators, connected with dental prostheses usage proved the appropriate quality level of prosthetic treatment in mandibular single remaining teeth-attended patients, using dentures fixed by spherical attachments.

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Impact of dentures on oral health-related quality of life

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1608203g ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 69 (7-8) ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sanja Gnjato

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Oral Health ◽

Research Study ◽

Life Quality ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Health Quality ◽

Group Ii

Introduction. Stomatoprothetic dentures are one of the factors of oral health and life quality of people of all ages. The aim of the paper is to make a connection between the oral health quality and quality of life on one side and the type of denture on the other. Material and Methods. This research study was conducted on the sample of 360 patients singled out in three numerically identical groups as follows: group I - patients treated with fixed dentures, group II - patients treated with mobile dentures, and group III - patients treated with both fixed and mobile dentures. The oral health quality was observed via five parameters: anamnestic data, symptoms of ill-functioning of basic functions in stomatogenic system (chewing and speech), extra oral examination, intraoral examination, and dental abilities. For some oral health quality parameters, the index of quality was determined. Results. Analyses of our three target groups of patients indicated that the patients from group I (treated with fixed dentures) suffered the least negative effects in line with the observed parameters; they are followed by patients from group III (combined dentures) and patients from group II (mobile dentures), respectively. Conclusion. Our research study showed that some oral health parameters have different impacts on health and life quality in patients treated with different stomatoprosthetic dentures.

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Perception of Complete Visually Impaired Children to Three Different Oral Health Education Methods: A Preliminary Study

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-41.4.271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 271-274 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S Mudunuri ◽

A Sharma ◽

P Subramaniam

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Visually Impaired ◽

Group Iii ◽

Oral Health Education ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Impaired Children ◽

Visually Impaired Children

Aim: To evaluate the perception of visually impaired children to three different methods of oral health education. Study design: Sixty total visually impaired children were divided into three groups of 20 children each. Children in group-I received oral health education through a lecture. Children in group II received Demonstration on a Model by Tell and Touch method (DMTT) and children in group III were self trained on oral hygiene skills. All children received written instructions in Braille. Their knowledge and practice of oral hygiene methods were recorded by a questionnaire and their method of brushing and rinsing was assessed during a personal interview. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Children in group II were able to brush and rinse significantly better (p <0.05) as compared to the other groups. Demonstration on a Model by Tell and Touch method was found to be the most preferred method of oral health education. Conclusion: Oral health education given through DMTT method was perceived well by the visually impaired children.

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Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Cyanthillium cinereum (Less) H. Rob. Lozenges in Volunteer Smokers

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10071336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1336

Author(s):

Thitiya Luetragoon ◽

Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit ◽

Chanai Noysang ◽

Yordhathai Thongsri ◽

Pachuen Potup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Group Iii ◽

Percentage Decrease ◽

Group I ◽

Oral Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Group Ii ◽

Moringa Oleifera Lam ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Smokers have high plaque accumulation that initiates gingival inflammation and progresses to periodontitis. Thus, oral hygiene to control microbial plaque formation is an effective method of preventing gingivitis. Medicinal plants such as Moringa oleifera Lam. (MO) and Cyanthillium cinereum (Less.) H. Rob. (CC) have an anti-inflammatory effect that might improve oral health in smokers. This study evaluated the effect of MO leaf and CC extracts using MO lozenges and a combination of MO + CC lozenges on oral inflammation and gingivitis in volunteer smokers. Lozenges consisting of MO and CC extracts were developed and studied in vivo. The results showed that lozenges significantly reduced oral inflammation and gingivitis in volunteers. The gingival index (GI) of group III (MO + CC lozenges) significantly decreased, while the percentage decrease of oral inflammation in group II (MO lozenges) was significantly higher than the other groups. The percentage decrease of GI values in group II (MO lozenges) and group III (MO + CC lozenges) were significantly higher than the placebo group I. Our findings indicated that MO and MO + CC lozenges reduced oral inflammation and gingivitis and showed potential to improve oral health in smokers.

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Ultrastructural Lesions Produced by Alcohol and Sucrose in the Heart and Liver of C57BL Mice

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100068035 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 208-209

Author(s):

K.K. SEKHRI ◽

C.S. ALEXANDER ◽

H.T. NAGASAWA

Keyword(s):

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

Male Mice ◽

Alcohol Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

C57bl Mice ◽

Group Ii

C57BL male mice (Jackson Lab., Bar Harbor, Maine) weighing about 18 gms were randomly divided into three groups: group I was fed sweetened liquid alcohol diet (modified Schenkl) in which 36% of the calories were derived from alcohol; group II was maintained on a similar diet but alcohol was isocalorically substituted by sucrose; group III was fed regular mouse chow ad lib for five months. Liver and heart tissues were fixed in 2.5% cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde, post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide and embedded in Epon-araldite.

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Heterogeneity and Immunochemical Properties of Anti-β2-glycoprotein I Autoantibodies

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615218 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 80 (09) ◽

pp. 393-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

V. Regnault ◽

E. Hachulla ◽

L. Darnige ◽

B. Roussel ◽

J. C. Bensa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluid Phase ◽

Anticardiolipin Antibodies ◽

Dual Reactivity ◽

Group Iii ◽

Important Group ◽

Epitope Specificity ◽

Glycoprotein I ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Sufficient Concentration

SummaryMost anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are directed against epitopes expressed on β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI). Despite a good correlation between standard ACA assays and those using purified human β2GPI as the sole antigen, some sera from APS patients only react in the latter. This is indicative of heterogeneity in anti-β2GPI antibodies. To characterize their reactivity profiles, human and bovine β2GPI were immobilized on γ-irradiated plates (β2GPI-ELISA), plain polystyrene precoated with increasing cardiolipin concentrations (CL/β2GPI-ELISA), and affinity columns. Fluid-phase inhibition experiments were also carried out with both proteins. Of 56 selected sera, restricted recognition of bovine or human β2GPI occurred respectively in 10/29 IgA-positive and 9/22 IgM-positive samples, and most of the latter (8/9) were missed by the standard ACA assay, as expected from a previous study. Based on species specificity and ACA results, IgG-positive samples (53/56) were categorized into three groups: antibodies reactive to bovine β2GPI only (group I) or to bovine and human β2GPI, group II being ACA-negative, and group III being ACA-positive. The most important group, group III (n = 33) was characterized by (i) binding when β2GPI was immobilized on γ-irradiated polystyrene or cardiolipin at sufficient concentration (regardless of β2GPI density, as assessed using 125I-β2GPI); (ii) and low avidity binding to fluid-phase β2GPI (Kd in the range 10–5 M). In contrast, all six group II samples showed (i) ability to bind human and bovine β2GPI immobilized on non-irradiated plates; (ii) concentration-dependent blockade of binding by cardiolipin, suggesting epitope location in the vicinity of the phospholipid binding site on native β2GPI; (iii) and relative avidities approximately 100-fold higher than in group III. Group I patients were heterogeneous with respect to CL/β2GPI-ELISA and ACA results (6/14 scored negative), possibly reflecting antibody differences in terms of avidity and epitope specificity. Affinity fractionation of 23 sera showed the existence, in individual patients, of various combinations of antibody subsets solely reactive to human or bovine β2GPI, together with cross-species reactive subsets present in all samples with dual reactivity namely groups III and II, although the latter antibodies were poorly purified on either column. Therefore, the mode of presentation of β2GPI greatly influences its recognition by anti-β2GPI antibodies with marked inter-individual heterogeneity, in relation to ACA quantitation and, possibly, disease presentation and pathogenesis.

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Oxygen Fraction Adjustment According to Body Surface Area during Extracorporeal Circulation

The Heart Surgery Forum ◽

10.1532/hsf.1325 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 098

Author(s):

Cem Arıtürk ◽

Serpil Ustalar Özgen ◽

Behiç Danışan ◽

Hasan Karabulut ◽

Fevzi Toraman

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Surface Area ◽

Body Surface Area ◽

Body Surface ◽

Extracorporeal Circulation ◽

Group Iii ◽

Oxygen Fraction ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

Background: The inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2) is usually set between 60% and 100% during conventional extracorporeal circulation (ECC). However, this strategy causes partial oxygen pressure (PaO2) to reach hyperoxemic levels (>180 mmHg). During anesthetic management of cardiothoracic surgery it is important to keep PaO2 levels between 80-180 mmHg. The aim of this study was to assess whether adjusting FiO2 levels in accordance with body temperature and body surface area (BSA) during ECC is an effective method for maintaining normoxemic PaO2 during cardiac surgery.Methods: After approval from the Ethics Committee of the University of Acıbadem, informed consent was given from 60 patients. FiO2 adjustment strategies applied to the patients in the groups were as follows: FiO2 levels were set as 0.21 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.21 × BSA + 10 during rewarming in Group I; 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and 0.18 × BSA + 15 during rewarming in Group II; and 0.18 × BSA during hypothermia and variable with body temperature during rewarming in Group III. Arterial blood gas values and hemodynamic parameters were recorded before ECC (T1); at the 10th minute of cross clamp (T2); when the esophageal temperature (OT) reached 34°C (T3); when OT reached 36°C (T4); and just before the cessation of ECC (T5).Results: Mean PaO2 was significantly higher in Group I than in Group II at T2 and T3 (P = .0001 and P = .0001, respectively); in Group I than in Group III at T1 (P = .02); and in Group II than in Group III at T2, T3, and T4 (P = .0001 for all). Conclusion: Adjustment of FiO2 according to BSA rather than keeping it at a constant level is more appropriate for keeping PaO2 between safe level limits. However, since oxygen consumption of cells vary with body temperature, it would be appropriate to set FiO2 levels in concordance with the body temperature in the rewarming period.

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Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.113.108 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 108-111

Author(s):

T.F. Tatarchuk ◽

◽

D.G. German ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Age ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Control Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Endometrial Polyps ◽

Group Iii ◽

Aggressive Form ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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THE USE OF BOLUSES REDUCES THE NEGATIVE EFFECT OF SUBCLINICAL KETOSIS ON THE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE COWS

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2020.25.18.008 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Г.В. ШИРЯЕВ ◽

Ю.Г. ТУРЛОВА ◽

Г.С. НИКИТИН

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Function ◽

Sexual Cycle ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Hydroxybutyric Acid ◽

Subclinical Ketosis ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Group Ii ◽

Reproductive Indices

Изучено влияние кормовой добавки в форме индивидуальных болюсов Метраболь на возможность снижения негативного влияния субклинического кетоза (СКК) и результативность искусственного осеменения высокопродуктивных молочных коров в посттранзитный период. Животные были подобраны по принципу условных аналогов и разделены на 3 группы в зависимости от концентрации β-оксимасляной кислоты в их крови. В I группе (n=18) у коров не было СКК, концентрация кислоты составляла <1,0 ммоль/л, во II группе (n=21) у животных зарегистрирован СКК, концентрация кислоты — 1,0…1,4 ммоль/л. С целью поиска решения по снижению негативного влияния СКК на репродуктивные показатели была сформирована III группа коров, переболевших СКК (n=24) с концентрацией β-оксимасляной кислоты в крови 1,0…1,4 ммоль/л, но с использованием болюсов, применяемых для ускоренного восстановления репродуктивной функции коров после отела. Важной составляющей опыта явилось то, что к моменту гормональной синхронизации у коров всех 3 групп фиксировалось отсутствие СКК (снижение β-оксимасляной кислоты до уровня <1,0 ммоль/л). Для синхронизации полового цикла выбрана схема Пресинх-овсинх. Установлено, что гормональная синхронизация животных, перенесших СКК, в сравнении со здоровыми, не позволяет снизить негативное влияние данного нарушения обмена веществ. Во II группе у животных зафиксированы самые низкие репродуктивные показатели (количество использованных доз; индекс осеменения, сервис-период; время от первого до успешного осеменения; результат первичного осеменения; количество животных, осемененных 3 и более раз). В III группе применение болюсов позволило, в сравнении с животными II группы, не только избежать отрицательного воздействия СКК, но и превзойти по изучаемым параметрам животных из I группы. The effect of the feed additive in the form of individual boluses Metrabol on the possibility of reducing the negative effect of subclinical ketosis (CCK) and the effectiveness of artificial insemination of highly productive dairy cows in the post-transit period was studied. The animals were selected according to the principle of conditional analogs and divided into 3 groups depending on the concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in their blood. In group I (n=18), the cows did not have SSC, the acid concentration was <1.0 mmol/L, in group II (n=21), SSC was registered in animals — 1.0...1.4 mmol / L. In order to find a solution to reduce the negative effect of CCB on reproductive indices, a group III of cows was formed who had CCB (n = 24) with a concentration of β-hydroxybutyric acid in their blood of 1.0...1.4 mmol/L, but using boluses, used to accelerate the restoration of the reproductive function of cows after calving. An important component of the experiment was that by the time of hormonal synchronization, cows of all 3 groups had no SSC (decrease in β-hydroxybutyric acid to a level of <1.0 mmol/L). To synchronize the sexual cycle, the Pressinh-ovsinh scheme was chosen. It was found that hormonal synchronization of animals that underwent SSC, in comparison with healthy ones, does not allow reducing the negative effect of this metabolic disorder. In group II, animals had the lowest reproductive indices (number of doses used; insemination index, service period; time from first to successful insemination; result of primary insemination; number of animals inseminated 3 or more times). In group III, the use of boluses made it possible, in comparison with animals of group II, not only to avoid the negative effect of SSC, but also to surpass the animals from group I in terms of the studied parameters.

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Serum Endocrine Profile in Relation to Estrus Synchronization in Surti Does

THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY SCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.21887/ijvsbt.v13i03.10609 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (03) ◽

Author(s):

M. M. Chaudhary ◽

C. T. Khasatiya ◽

S. B. Patel ◽

S. S. Chaudhary ◽

V. B. Atara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jugular Vein ◽

Estrus Synchronization ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Serum Progesterone ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Endocrine Profile ◽

Group Ii ◽

And Control

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive- apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment), 11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups, 83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th (4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/ ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/ ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0 (12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and 40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy in treated and control animals.

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Bridging the gap between perioperative pelvic floor training and urologic surgeries with risk of incontinence by digital technologies: a survey. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25324 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jan Niclas Mumm ◽

Lucas Bohn ◽

Lennert Eismann ◽

Alexander Buchner ◽

Theresa Vilsmaier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Pelvic Floor ◽

Digital Technologies ◽

Preventive Treatment ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Group Iii ◽

Pelvic Floor Training ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii

BACKGROUND Pelvic floor training (PFT) is the gold standard for conservative treatment of male stress urinary incontinence. OBJECTIVE To evaluate patients´ perspective at risk of incontinence on PFT and application of digital technologies for PFT. METHODS Patients undergoing transurethral surgery of the prostate (group I), radical prostatectomy (group II) or treatment at a specialized incontinence outpatient clinic (group III) were surveyed anonymously. Chi-Square test and Kruskal-Wallis-analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS 180 patients were included in the final analysis. In group I (n=35) no patient underwent PFT prior to transurethral surgery. 23.5% of patients in group II (n=51) and 95.7% of patients in group III (n=94) performed PFT. 11.4% in group I, 80.4% in group II and 91.5% in group III have been advised to perform PFT by their urologist. Regarding the information level on PFT, patients from group I (median 1, range 0-5) are less satisfied than patients from group II (median 3, 0-9) or group III (median 5, range 0-10, p<0.001). 88.6% of patients from group I are willing to perform PFT as preventive treatment or to avoid incontinence surgery, 100% from group II and 68.4% from group III (p<0.001). The likelihood to use digital PFT is higher in group I (median: 9, range 0-10) and II (median: 9, range 0-10) than in group III (median: 4, range 0-10, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients at risk of incontinence currently have limited access to PFT, although they are willing to perform PFT. Digital PFT is highly accepted by patients preoperatively and might be a valuable tool to increase PFT participation.

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