scholarly journals Is the difference in consumption and income an indication of petty corruption?

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-136
Author(s):  
T.L. Zhuravleva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Monetary Savings

Based on micro-level data on reported household earnings, expenditures and assets, provided by the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) for the period 2000–2013, it is found that households with workers in the public sector receive lower earnings than households with members employed in the private sector but enjoy the same level of consumption. Controlling for the reported level of earnings, private households do not show a significantly higher probability of possessing summer cottages (dachas), cars and computers, or living in better housing conditions, or having a higher level of monetary savings. The differences in assets cannot be reconciled with the sizeable expenditure-income gap found. The precautionary motives of workers are not able to reconcile these discrepancies either: neither attitude to risk, nor risk itself, differ between individuals employed in the private and public sectors. It is hypothesized that employees continue working in the public sector despite their low rate of official pay, because of unreported income they receive, or bribes.

The Conceptualisation of Human Capital Management in the Public Sector in the 20th Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mamokhere
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Human Capital Management ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Difference

The purpose of the study is to conceptualise human capital management in the public sector. The study also evaluates the difference and evolution of human capital management and human resource management, although in practice, the phenomena seem similar. The study attempts to introduce the conceptualisation of human capital management in the 20th century. It is absolutely clear that employees play an essential role in both private and public institutions; employees are the lifeline of an organisation. An organisation cannot survive if there are no employees. An organisation runs with the help of individuals who contribute in their own way to its success and productivity. Human capital management is defined as the process of recruiting, training, managing, and retaining employees for them to contribute effectively to the processes of the organisation. Thus, to realise the purpose of this article, the author adopted a qualitative research approach, whereby secondary data have been utilised.

Marketisation and Privatisation in Criminal Justice

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Responsibility Of Government ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Impact

Criminal justice used to be thought of as a field autonomous from politics and the economy, with the management of crime and punishment being seen as essentially the responsibility of government. However, in recent decades, policies have been adopted which blur the institutional boundaries and functions of the public sector with those of for-profit and civil society interests in many parts of the penal/welfare complex. The impact of these developments on society is contested: Proponents of the ‘neo-liberal penality thesis’ argue economic deregulation, welfare retrenchment, individualised choices – and associated responsibility – may be aligned by market forces into efficient delivery of ‘law and order’. Set against the neo-liberal penal position are arguments that the corporate sector may be no more efficient in delivering criminal justice services than is the public sector, and reliance on the profit motive to deliver criminal justice may lead to perverse incentivisation of NGOs or state agencies. It is to this debate we add our contribution. Criminal justice is an ideal sector in which to consider the implications arising from the differing incentive structures held by different institutions, both private and public, citizens, governments, social enterprise and the corporate sector. All agree on the need for criminal justice, even as they compete in the policy sphere to dictate its form and delivery.

Talent Management in the Public Sector

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Boselie ◽  
Marian Thunnissen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Talent Management ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Key Issues

Private and public sector organizations are confronted with intensifying competition for talent. Talent management in the public sector, however, is an underexplored field of research. The aim of this chapter is to define talent management in the public sector context by putting it in a public sector human resources management framework and linking it to public sector developments and tendencies. Thus, we apply a multidisciplinary approach to talent management, using insights from human resource management, public administration, and public management. First, we describe relevant public sector characteristics and developments. Then, we define talent management in the public sector context based on what is already know from previous research and the literature, and we discuss key issues, dualities, and tensions regarding talent management in the public sector. Finally, we suggest a future agenda for talent-management research in public sector contexts and present some implications for practitioners.

scholarly journals Nepotism and Favouritism in Polish and Lithuanian Organizations: The Context of Organisational Microclimate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolita Vveinhardt ◽  
Włodzimierz Sroka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
The Public ◽  
Closed Type ◽  
Public Resources ◽  
Public Sector Organizations ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Survey Validity

The phenomena of ‘nepotism’ and ‘favouritism’ are frequently observed in contemporary business, being usually associated with corruption in the public sector and the abuse of public resources. The phenomena, however, have an international scale and no country and sector of the economy are free of them. Given these facts, our paper identifies the attitude of Lithuanian and Polish employees to it in the context of revealing the organizational microclimate. Our analysis is done in relation to three basic aspects: a) Sector (public vs. private), b) gender (male vs. female) and c) five different age groups. Our research sample involved 337 respondents (Poland-PL, N = 164 and Lithuania-LT, N = 173) representing public (PL and LT, N = 119) and private (PL and LT, N = 218) sector organizations. A closed-type questionnaire was used in the survey. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by its high psychometric characteristics. Several research methods, including factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, Spearman–Brown, factor loading and total item correlation were used in our study. The results show that there are both similarities as well as differences between the organizations analysed. As far as the private vs. public sector is concerned, in Poland, manifestation of nepotism in principal does not differ in private and public organizations, unlike in Lithuanian organizations, where a worse situation is recorded in public sector organizations. In turn, comparing employees’ attitudes by their gender, it was identified that there were more similarities than differences between Poland and Lithuania in four subcategories. Finally, comparing employees’ attitudes by their age, it was identified that the least number of statistically significant differences was identified in two age groups: 18–24 years old and over 51.

scholarly journals Work as a central life interest for legal professionals

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Genis ◽  
Taryn Wallis
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Law Firms ◽  
Work Centrality ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Two Sectors

Dubin’s theory of Central Life Interests (CLIs) was used to investigate whether work is a CLI for legal professionals in South Africa. The research also served as a comparative exploration between the public and private sectors based on their work centrality and work orientation. 59 employees from three public sector organisations and 27 employees from various private sector law firms completed questionnaires. Contrary to Dubin’s theory, results indicated that two-thirds of respondents did not have work as a CLI. Also, contrary to previous work on private and public sector employees, some interesting similarities emerged between the two sectors. Opsomming Dubin (1992) se teorie van Sentrale Lewensbelangstellings was gebruik om te ondersoek of werk ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling is vir individue in die Suid-Afrikaanse regsprofessie. Die navorsing was ook ’n vergelykende ondersoek tussen die publieke en privaat sektore met betrekking tot hul werk sentraliteit en werk orientasie. 59 werknemers van drie publieke organisasies en 27 werknemers van verskeie privaat firmas het vraelyse beantwoord. Teenstellig met Dubin se teorie het resultate gewys dat vir twee-derdes van die deelnemers werk nie ’n sentrale lewensbelangstelling was nie. Daar was ook interessante resultate wat te voorskyn gekom het, wat teenstrydig was met vorige navorsing op werknemers in die privaat en publieke sektore.

Explaining the Difference of Work Attitudes Between Public and Nonprofit Managers

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Job Involvement ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Managers ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Positive Work

Work attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, job involvement, organizational commitment, etc.) have long been important indicators for managers and researchers in evaluating whether one is motivated to work. Existing empirical studies tend to suggest that public managers are less likely to exhibit positive work attitudes as compared with their private sector peers. However, literature about the comparison of work attitudes between public and nonprofit managers is scant. The current study addresses this topic. By using the National Administrative Studies Project-III (NASP-III) survey data, the author found that nonprofit managers are more likely than public managers to show positive work attitudes. This attitudinal difference, based on the results of mediation tests, originates from two important reasons. First, higher levels of rule constraints (i.e., red tape and personnel flexibility) in the public sector undermine managers’ work attitudes. Second, individuals attracted to work in the public sector have stronger extrinsic motivation, stronger amotivation, and weaker intrinsic motivation. These motivation styles compromise their work attitudes.

scholarly journals The Remaking of Leviathan: The State and Public Sector Reform in Advanced Capitalist Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peters
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
Sector Reform ◽  
The Public ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Government Reforms ◽  
The Welfare State

This article argues that recent comparatives literatures on the welfare state have yet to adequately consider the public sector and how governments have reshaped their public services. Drawing on macro-level data from the OECD, qualitative studies, and trade union research, it is claimed that governments have substantially remade their administrative and financial procedures in order to cut expenditures and lower labour costs. It is also contended that because of financial globalization and rising debt, states have made a series of reforms to public sector industrial relations. These have worsened wages, working conditions, and jobs throughout the public sector. It is concluded that such developments are central to reforming the nature of state functioning across North America and Western Europe. This is the first study to report on government reforms to fiscal policies, public sector services, and public sector labour forces in 13 OECD countries between 1980-2005.

scholarly journals Is the policy environment for Zambia supportive of a thriving whole-of-government monitoring and evaluation system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Kanyamuna
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Policy Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Principles And Standards ◽  
The Right

A whole-of-government monitoring and evaluation system (WoGM&ES) is a robust system that not only provides an integrated and all-encompassing framework of M&E practices, principles and standards to be used throughout government institutional structures, but also functions as an apex-level system for information and draws from the component systems in a framework meant to deliver essential M&E products tailored to satisfy information needs of users [1]. To implement a successful WoGM&ES, a supportive policy environment is crucial for any organisation, governments inclusive. The Zambian government is currently rolling out an ambitious WoGM&ES to strengthen its public sector accountability, feedback and learning functions. It was the objective of this study to investigate the policy environment in Zambia in respect of M&E practice in the public sector. In that regard, particular policy aspects were considered and these included assessing the availability of an M&E plan; whether the difference between M (monitoring) and E (evaluation) was recognised; and if the need for M&E autonomy and impartiality was mentioned. Others were to determine if feedback mechanisms were explicit as well as whether there was integration of M&E results in planning and budgeting processes. The study findings have shown that the policy environment to support a thriving M&E practice in the Zambian public sector was still fragmented and weak. While efforts by government to put policy measures were in place, evidence of transformational shift to implement these measures remained weak. However, it is promising that, in many ways, Zambia was on the right path regarding the introduction and articulation of policy provisions in support of M&E and broadly in promoting a culture of results.     

scholarly journals Reduced Consumption for Transport due to Population Ageing? An Analysis of Expenditures of Private Households in the European Union and Potential Implications for the Public Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 167-190
Author(s):  
Birgit Aigner-Walder ◽  
Thomas Döring
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The paper focuses on potential effects of the ageing of the population on consumption expenditures of private households in the field of transport. Theoretical considerations as well as previous empirical results suggest that older households consume different goods and services than younger ones due to changing preferences and needs by increasing age. Possible consequences of these changes for goods and services in the transport sector are in focus. The expenditures of European households on transport based on the national household budget surveys of the 28 member countries of the European Union are analysed. The results suggest that expenditures in transport decrease at retirement age in all considered countries. Moreover, the structure of goods and services consumed in the transport sector changes over the life cycle of a private household, with implications for the public sector due to the ageing of the population to be expected.

scholarly journals Universities as ‘Drivers’ of Local and Regional Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Marius Constantin PROFIROIU ◽  
Maria-Roxana BRIȘCARIU
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
North West ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The University

"The society based on knowledge and innovation brings to the fore the role of universities as research and learning spaces, with the purpose for sustainable development, at local, regional, national and global levels. Following this approach, we explore the capacity of spreading the knowledge and innovation capital in the North-West region of Romania between universities, the private sector and the public sector. Also, the study explores the role taken by the university system in Romania, locally and regionally, emphasizing what type of relationship defines the exchange of outputs and what are the most useful know-how transfer mechanisms from universities to the private and public sectors. The empirical research in this paper has shown that there is a growing relationship between universities – private sector – public sector, which is characterized as ‘in an incipient phase’, ‘based on urgent needs of the parties’. All of the actors involved in this triad want to develop the links between universities – private sector – public sector in communication, research, innovation and technology, and they suggest standardization and regulation of this interaction and developing a legal framework to correspond to the actual needs at local and regional levels."

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