scholarly journals Is Eurozone accumulating a historic lag toward Asia in the COVID-19 context?

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
J. Sapir ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Epidemic Wave ◽  
The Eu

The COVID-19 epidemic has shaken the world and affected the global economy. Coming from China, this epidemic has hit different countries in a close succession. Western Europe and the Eurozone were severely hit by the pandemy. The so-called “2nd wave” is creating havoc even in the countries that had quite well managed before – during the 1st wave of Spring 2020. Even with the vaccine, it is quite probable that economic recovery will be postponed to 2022–2023. Would the Eurozone accumulate a historic lag compared to Asia in the pandemy context? Analyses done by the end of September 2020, that is before the 2nd epidemic wave struck Europa, were already showing that the EU and the Eurozone, as some other advanced economies, fared worse in that context. This 2nd wave would quite probably strengthen this lagging.

scholarly journals Modern Trends in the Development of Renewable Energy: the Experience of the EU and Leading Countries of the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-133
Author(s):  
L.Hr. Melnyk ◽  
O.N. Derykolenko ◽  
Yu.O. Mazin ◽  
O.I. Matsenko ◽  
V.S. Piven
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

Energy security and independence is one of the key points in sustainable development. In modern conditions of rapid growth and development of technologies, more and more attention is paid to finding practical solutions for environmentally friendly and inexpensive energy production. For a long time, scientists from various fields of scientific activity around the world have been engaged in the development and use of alternative energy sources. The share of renewable energy sources in the generation of electricity around the world is growing steadily, which indicates an increase in the use of energy obtained from alternative sources, such as, for example, wind and sun. These trends testify to the desire of consumers to abandon the use of fossil energy sources and nuclear power plants as much as possible in order to ensure further sister development. Under the current conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for electricity worldwide has decreased, however, as the study shows, this pandemic has not affected the development of renewable energy. The article analyzes modern trends in the development of renewable energy, taking into account the experience of the EU countries and leading countries of the world in this area. As a result, it was concluded that in modern conditions, to achieve sustainable development, transformation processes are needed in such an important area as energy. Various processes in the global economy, which contributed to the intensive development of alternative energy sources, served as a powerful impetus for such changes. Many countries have made significant progress in the development of renewable energy.

scholarly journals Structural Source of the Trap of ICT Advancement - Lessons from World ICT Top Leaders

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Watanabe ◽  
Kasheef Naveed ◽  
Weilin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Productivity Decline ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Negative Face

In light of the significant consequence of the trap of dramatic advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) in the global economy, both nations and firms that have been compelling their productivity decline. This resulted in great stagnation of ICT advanced economies and therefore its structural sources were analyzed. Based on an empirical analysis tracing, the trend in marginal productivity of ICT and its subsequent prices among the top ICT leaders in the world over the last two decades correlating with the effects of ICT, two faces of ICT advancement were identified. On one side, advancement of ICT contributes to its prices increase by new functionality development, its dramatic advancement particularly centered by internet results in the decline of its prices through freebies, easy copying, and standardization. It was demonstrated that the success of ICT leaders could largely be attributed to the way in which the two faces of ICT advancement were managed by maximizing the positive face of ICT advancement. This is done by means of the effective utilization of external resources in innovation while minimizing the negative face by outsourcing price decreasing factors. All of the aforementioned points can be invaluable lessons for global sustainability in both ICT advanced and growing economies in the midst of the advancement of ICT. The significance of innovation-consumption co-emergence for harnessing the vigor of counterparts is discussed.

International Labour Office. World Employment Report 1998-99. Employability in the Global Economy: How Training Matters. Geneva: ILO. 248pp.Paperback. Price US$34.95.

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir Annice Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Far East ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
Global Workforce ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

Statistics reveal that some one billion employable workers are unemployed— almost 33 percent of the total global workforce. Unemployment has therefore come to be a significant political issue in Western Europe, the developing world, and the former ‘tiger’ economies of the Far East and South East Asia. Former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, undergoing a process of structural reform, have also significant populations that are in search of employment. The world outlook for employment is therefore very grim. Such high levels of unemployment cause major economic losses not only to national economies but also to the world economy by reducing growth rates, thereby further adding to the problem of unemployment, a vicious cycle indeed. The rise of unemployment levels requires radical new measures that need to be put in place if this problem is to be tackled effectively at the national and international levels.

Fake Goods, Real Money

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Antonopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Hall ◽  
Joanna Large ◽  
Anqi Shen ◽  
Michael Crang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Counterfeit Goods ◽  
Global Commerce ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Eu Studies ◽  
The Eu

The trade in counterfeit goods is growing. Recent EU studies on Fast Moving Consumer Goods indicate that 6.5% of all sports(wear) goods, 7.8% of cosmetics and 12.7% of luggage/handbags sold in the EU are in some way counterfeit. The WTO has an oft-repeated estimate of 7% of all global commerce as counterfeit. The World Economic Forum goes further, suggesting that counterfeiting and piracy cost the global economy an estimated $1.77 trillion in 2015, which is nearly 10% of the global trade in merchandise. Much work and popular scrutiny has examined flows of counterfeit goods. However, there remains a general lack of information on the financing of the counterfeit trade. Drawing upon cross-disciplinary research, the book offers a unique account into the financing of the trade in counterfeit goods. Focusing on tangible goods, it addresses the ways in which capital is secured to allow counterfeiting businesses to be initiated and sustained, how entrepreneurs and customers settle payments, the costs of conducting business in the counterfeiting trade, and how profits from the business are spent and invested. The book covers the UK context, whilst also considering the distinctly transnational nature of the trade.

scholarly journals The World Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. F3-F3
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
Economic Outlook

The global economy is set to continue to grow at a pace of slightly below 4 per cent a year in the near term.Oil prices have risen further and with some advanced economies appearing to be operating at close to full capacity, there is a risk that inflation will increase. Our expectation is that any rise will be limited.US tariff increases and confrontational trade rhetoric are adding uncertainty to the global economic outlook, with a bias towards slower growth as a consequence.Without a recovery in productivity growth, the pace of economic expansion in the medium term will be slower than at present. Our medium term outlook is for global growth of around 3.5 per cent a year.

scholarly journals The World Economy: Forecast Summary

2018 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. F3-F3
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
List Type ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Full Capacity ◽  
Global Growth ◽  
Economic Outlook

Last year the global economy expanded at its fastest pace since 2011. We continue to expect to see slightly faster global growth this year with momentum being carried forward. We expect growth to continue to be broadly based.With some advanced economies appearing to be operating at close to full capacity, a slowdown in the pace of expansion in the medium term is likely unless productivity growth picks up substantially. We retain our view that the medium term outlook is for growth of around 3.5 per cent a year.No economic outlook is without uncertainties. Issues such as increases in tariffs, the effect of the gradual removal of monetary accommodation and the prolonged persistence of low inflation, create potential for surprises to the forecast.

scholarly journals Contemporary Trends in the Development of the Pharmaceutical Industry in the World

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 108-131
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dorocki
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
High Technology ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Economic Development

The pharmaceutical industry remains today a prominent high-technology sector of the economy,and consistently maintains its competitiveness on the world market at a very high level. Similarly to aircraft and spacecraft manufacturing and the electro-energy industry, pharmaceutical industry belongs to a group of innovative high-technology industries, which are based on scientific research results processed for industrial activities. The purpose of this study is to present and analyse global trends currently observed in the pharmaceutical industry in the world. In an era of increasing globalization, new prime movers of the development of the pharmaceutical industry are the countries from peripheralregions, mainly members of the BRICS group. For this reason, this article focuses on the emerging Asian and Latin American markets, next to the United States and countries of Western Europe. At the beginning of the twenty-first century, Brazil and China deemed the stimulation of the pharmaceutical industry one of the prime determinants of their future economic development. The following paper at first presents characteristics of the pharmaceutical industry products: innovative and generic medicines, medications available without prescription, biological agents, biosimilars and pharmaceutical substrates. Furthermore, the author specifies the properties and rates the dynamics of changes that are taking place in the global pharmaceutical market, while explaining the specifics of the relocation of the pharmaceutical industry. By comparing the number of publications in the field of pharmacy in selected countries of the world, the author confirmed the increasing importance of this industry on the global economy. In the last part of the article, the author presents the structure, number and distribution of clinical trials on a global scale. To illustrate the trends currently taking place in the development of the pharmaceutical industry, the author used raw statistical data in the field of pharmacology and literature on the subject.

The Emergence and Development of Intellectual Property Law in Western Europe

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Seville
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Property Law ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
Unitary Patent ◽  
The Eu

This chapter surveys the emergence and development of Intellectual Property (IP) law in Continental Europe and Britain. The story begins largely in the middle ages with the grant of territorially-confined inventors’ and printers’ privileges, and traces the development of these privileges into the four main species of IP rights recognized throughout the world today. A key theme is the varied national histories that underpin the development of each IP right even within the geographical confines and relative social and political homogeneity of Western Europe, and the extent of modern IP law’s embeddedness in the industrial and cultural development of individual states. The chapter ends with an account of the emergence of a European perspective on IP, as expressed in the nineteenth-century Paris and Berne Conventions, and its development by general and IP-specific European communities, including the EU, which has established unitary patent, trademark, and design rights for its Member States.

scholarly journals The EU Global Competitive Force Index

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Olena Zayats ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Competition Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Integration ◽  
Member States ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. With this paper we want to show that the study of international competitiveness only at a country level does not correspond to the contemporary development of the global economy. The author presents the methodology for competitiveness grouping of international integration groupings’ member states in order to assess the global competitive force of trade and economic groupings in the world economy. Based on the data of the Global Competitiveness Report 2019 regarding the competitiveness of the EU Member States, the Global Competitive Force Index of the EU as an interstate integration grouping has been calculated. The Index will help evaluate economic integration or disintegration processes in the global economy. The research demonstrates the necessity of the annual global competitive force ranking of international integration groupings. This study will enhance knowledge in the field of economics by grouping the EU Member States’ global competitiveness indices according to 12 criteria and identifying the new quantitative and qualitative integrated Global Competitive Force Index of an international integration grouping. To reach this objective, we will define the Integrated Global Competitive Force Index as the average of the individual points of the EU Member States in 2019. The novelty of our study lies in the comparative analysis of the three largest interstate integration groupings from the perspective of their competitive force. The introduction of the new integrated Global Competitive Force Index of interstate integration groupings will help competition policy makers decide which processes of economic integration or disintegration should be preferred in order to increase their competitive force in the global economy. The purpose. Research and calculation of the European Union’s Integrated Global Competitive Force Index to analyze the attractiveness of the European Union in terms of global competitive force. Based on the calculation of the EU Integrated Global Competitive Force Index 2019, the attractiveness of the EU competitive environment has been determined according to 12 criteria. Results. The ranking of the three largest regional integration groupings of the world economy has been formed. Specification of the assessment and results of the integrated index of interstate integration groupings’ global development can be used for the competition policy development of the individual member state of an integration grouping as well as the communitarian competition policy. The EU Integrated Global Competitive Force Index will help understand what the integration grouping’s competitive force means and whether the process of interstate integration of countries contributes to enhancing the competitive force of an individual country and the integration grouping as a whole. To calculate the EU Integrated Competitive Force Index, we will analyze the Member States on 12 competitive strength criteria, and Global Competitiveness Report 2019 will serve as the basis for our study. According to our calculations, the EU Integrated Global Competitive Force Index is 72 points out of 100. Conclusion. The results of a comprehensive integrated assessment of the competitive force of 28 EU Member States demonstrate a high overall competitive force index of the grouping, indicating the EU’s impact on global competitive processes. The EU Global Competitive Force Index can be used both as an indicator of the separate international integration grouping’s development and as a global criterion for the effectiveness of interstate integration groupings in the transformation of international competitive relations. Discussion. The highlighting of the EU global competitive force is a requirement for the contemporary development of the global competitive environment, since interstate integration groupings are the main actors of the world economy, which significantly affect the distribution and growth of competitive force.

Geography and Development

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen J. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The World

Theories of regional development and growth have hitherto focused for the most part on situations in the more developed countries of the world. There is no reason in principle, however, why these theories should not also apply—with suitable adjustments— to cases in less developed countries. Certainly, economic theorists of late have increasingly sought to deny that we need radically different approaches for dealing with less as opposed to more advanced economies (cf. Bloom and Sachs 1998; Sachs and Warner 1997). In recent years, indeed, a growing body of empirical work has demonstrated that very similar kinds of regional development and growth processes to those found in North America, Western Europe, and Japan are observable in much of the rest of the world. These processes are manifest in localized industrial systems that range from the purely incipient to largescale productive regions with global reach. In the present chapter, I attempt to systematize some of the main theoretical issues that are encountered in any attempt to understand the logic and dynamics of regional production complexes in less developed countries. In addition, I offer a brief review of some of the empirical work that has been undertaken on this question in Asia, Latin America, and Africa, together with some comments on the dilemmas that policy-makers in these areas must face up to in any attempt to promote development. I proceed at the outset by drawing both explicitly and implicitly on three major strands of thought. The first of these is what Krugman (1996) has called High Development Theory, with its central focus on virtuous circles of cumulative causation and balanced growth. The second is the so-called new growth theory, which emphasizes the pervasiveness of dynamic increasing returns effects in the modern economy (Lucas 1988; Romer 1986). The third is contemporary economic geography, where a long tradition of research has underscored the important role of regional clusters of production and work as motors of economic expansion and social progress (cf. Scott and Storper 2003).

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