scholarly journals Rapid method of screening for drought stress tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupender Kumar ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Shankar Lal Jat ◽  
Shraddha Srivastava ◽  
Tanu Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hydroponic Solution ◽  
Drought Screening

Drought stress is the major production constraint in rainfed maize. Screening for drought tolerance is severely affected by the lack of a simple and reliable phenotyping technique. The objective of this study was to standardize a simple hydroponic based drought screening technique in maize. In this context, one week old uniform seedlings of 55 inbreds and 5 hybrids were transferred to hydroponic solution in the glass house. The seedlings were allowed to acclimatize for next one week in hydroponic solution. The drought stress was imposed by removing seedlings from nutrient solution and exposed to air for 6 and 4 hours daily for a period of 5 and 4 consecutive days in hybrids and inbreds, respectively. Data were recorded on all shoot and root parameters, and based on stress symptoms, a drought tolerance score was given to each genotype. The percent deductions in shoot and root fresh weight from non-stress to stress ranged from 11.7 to 84.4 and 2.1 to 77.5, respectively. Six inbred lines, namely, DQL790-4, CML334, CM140, CML422, CM125 and HKI488 and three hybrids namely DMRH1306, DMRH1410 and PMH4 were found drought tolerant. The effectiveness of this screening technique was compared and confirmed using pots screening as well as by expression profiling of key antioxidant genes (Sod2, Sod4, Sod9 and Apx1) playing role in drought stress tolerance. This phenotyping technique is very short, low cost and simple which can be utilized in preliminary drought screening for large set of maize germplasm and mapping populations.

Assessment of rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes for drought stress tolerance using morpho-physiological indices as a screening technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Asma ◽  
Iqbal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Yasin Ashraf ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Ashraf ◽  
Rizwan Rasheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Screening Technique ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Physiological Indices

Isolation of genes/quantitative trait loci for drought stress tolerance in maize.

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-281
Author(s):  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Choudhary ◽  
B. S. Jat ◽  
M. C. Dagla ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Breeding Programmes

Abstract This chapter focuses on target traits for drought stress, progress in mapping for drought tolerance-associated genes/QTLs identification and expression studies and introgression strategies followed by the possibilities of integrating the concept of speed breeding in maize drought breeding programmes for better utilization of wild relatives.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Tolerance Screening of Elite American Breeding Rice Genotypes Using Low-Cost Pre-Fabricated Mini-Hoop Modules

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajaz A. Lone ◽  
Salah H. Jumaa ◽  
Chathurika Wijewardana ◽  
Shasthree Taduri ◽  
Edilberto D. Redona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is a major abiotic stress factor affecting the growth and development of plants at all stages. Developing a screening tool for identifying drought stress tolerance during seedling establishment is important in the deployment of rice varieties suited to water-limited growing environments. An experiment was conducted to evaluate 100 rice genotypes, mostly belonging to the tropical japonica subspecies, for drought stress tolerance using low-cost, pre-fabricated mini-hoop structures. The rice seedlings were subjected to two different soil moisture regimes- control pots managed at 100% and drought pots at 50% field capacity, from 12 to 30 days after sowing (DAS). Several morpho-physiological parameters including root traits were measured to assess the response of genotypes to drought stress. Significant moisture stress × genotype interactions were found for most of the parameters measured. A cumulative drought stress response index (CDSRI) was developed by adding the individual response indices of all cultivars. Based on CDSRI and standard deviation values, 5 and 28 genotypes were identified as highly sensitive and sensitive to drought, respectively, and 45 as moderately sensitive. On the other hand, 16 and 6 genotypes were classified as tolerant and highly tolerant to drought, respectively. Cheniere, a released cultivar, and RU1402174, an experimental breeding line, were identified as the least and most tolerant to drought among the 100 genotypes tested. Significant linear correlation coefficients were obtained between CDSRI and root growth parameters (R2 = 0.91, n = 100) and CDSRI with shoot growth parameters (R2 = 0.48, n = 100), revealing the importance of root traits in studying and identifying drought tolerant lines during the seedling establishment stages in rice. The tolerant rice genotypes identified will be valuable for rice scientists in studying the mechanism for early season drought as well as for rice breeders for developing new genotypes best suited under growing environments prone to early-season drought.

scholarly journals Biotechnology and Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gali Adamu Ishaku ◽  
Daniel Thakuma Tizhe ◽  
Raji Arabi Bamanga ◽  
Elizabeth Toyin Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Resurrection Plants ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Stress Gene

Drought stress in plants has become one of the major abiotic stress that limits the growth and development of plants which also contributes to low yields. Biotechnology which has new and emerging techniques can be use to solve the problem of drought stress in plants. This review aimed at identifying drought stress tolerance in plants at different stages, how plants respond to drought stress using different methods and the application of different biotechnology methods to improve drought tolerance in plants. Some important parameters about drought stress in plants such as drought tolerance mechanisms, plants responses to drought stress, gene regulation for drought stress tolerance in plants, effects of drought stress at different stages of plant growth and biotechnology methods in developing drought tolerance in plants was reviewed. The use of biotechnology methods such as classical breeding, use of genetic manipulation, genes from resurrection plants and Protoplast fusion was discussed. Drought stress affects our plants seriously and it leads to wilts, reduction of yields and death of plants at different developmental stages. Plants have developed different mechanisms to respond to drought stress but these mechanisms are not sufficient enough without the application of biotechnology to greatly improve the growth, development and increase yield in pants. The use of biotechnology greatly improves plants ability to tolerate drought stress depending on the plant species and period of exposure. The use of biotechnology methods has become very vital in improving plants drought stress so as to overcome the major problems of plants which includes increase in population and climatic change.

scholarly journals Overexpression of StDREB2 Transcription Factor Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed El-Esawi ◽  
Aisha Alayafi
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance

Drought stress significantly restricts plant growth and crop productivity. Cotton is the most important textile fiber and oilseed crop worldwide, and its cultivation is affected by drought stress, particularly in dry regions. Improving cotton tolerance to drought stress using the advanced genetic engineering technologies is a promising strategy to maintain crop production and fiber quality and meet the increasing worldwide fiber and oil demand. Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) transcription factors play a main role in regulating stresses-tolerance pathways in plant. This study investigated whether potato DREB2 (StDREB2) overexpression can improve drought tolerance in cotton. StDREB2 transcription factor was isolated and overexpressed in cotton. Plant biomass, boll number, relative water content, soluble sugars content, soluble protein content, chlorophyll content, proline content, gas-exchange parameters, and antioxidants enzymes (POD, CAT, SOD, GST) activity of the StDREB2-overexpressing cotton plants were higher than those of wild type plants. By contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion of StDREB2-overexpressing transgenic plants were significantly lower than that of the wild type plants. Moreover, the transgenic cotton lines revealed higher expression levels of antioxidant genes (SOD, CAT, POD, GST) and stress-tolerant genes (GhERF2, GhNAC3, GhRD22, GhDREB1A, GhDREB1B, GhDREB1C) compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, these findings showed that StDREB2 overexpression augments drought stress tolerance in cotton by inducing plant biomass, gas-exchange characteristics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, antioxidant enzymes activities, osmolytes accumulation, and expression of stress-related genes. As a result, StDREB2 could be an important candidate gene for drought-tolerant cotton breeding.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Mediated Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bahadur ◽  
Asfa Batool ◽  
Fahad Nasir ◽  
Shengjin Jiang ◽  
Qin Mingsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Association

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish symbiotic interaction with 80% of known land plants. It has a pronounced impact on plant growth, water absorption, mineral nutrition, and protection from abiotic stresses. Plants are very dynamic systems having great adaptability under continuously changing drying conditions. In this regard, the function of AMF as a biological tool for improving plant drought stress tolerance and phenotypic plasticity, in terms of establishing mutualistic associations, seems an innovative approach towards sustainable agriculture. However, a better understanding of these complex interconnected signaling pathways and AMF-mediated mechanisms that regulate the drought tolerance in plants will enhance its potential application as an innovative approach in environmentally friendly agriculture. This paper reviews the underlying mechanisms that are confidently linked with plant–AMF interaction in alleviating drought stress, constructing emphasis on phytohormones and signaling molecules and their interaction with biochemical, and physiological processes to maintain the homeostasis of nutrient and water cycling and plant growth performance. Likewise, the paper will analyze how the AMF symbiosis helps the plant to overcome the deleterious effects of stress is also evaluated. Finally, we review how interactions between various signaling mechanisms governed by AMF symbiosis modulate different physiological responses to improve drought tolerance. Understanding the AMF-mediated mechanisms that are important for regulating the establishment of the mycorrhizal association and the plant protective responses towards unfavorable conditions will open new approaches to exploit AMF as a bioprotective tool against drought.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic and Physiological Analyses of Two Divergent Maize Inbred Lines Provide More Insights into Drought-Stress Tolerance Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Hongyu Jin ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines

Drought stress is the major abiotic factor threatening maize (Zea mays L.) yield globally. Therefore, revealing the molecular mechanisms fundamental to drought tolerance in maize becomes imperative. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive comparative analysis of two maize inbred lines contrasting in drought stress tolerance based on their physiological and proteomic responses at the seedling stage. Our observations showed that divergent stress tolerance mechanisms exist between the two inbred-lines at physiological and proteomic levels, with YE8112 being comparatively more tolerant than MO17 owing to its maintenance of higher relative leaf water and proline contents, greater increase in peroxidase (POD) activity, along with decreased level of lipid peroxidation under stressed conditions. Using an iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification)-based method, we identified a total of 721 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Amongst these, we fished out five essential sets of drought responsive DAPs, including 13 DAPs specific to YE8112, 107 specific DAPs shared between drought-sensitive and drought-tolerant lines after drought treatment (SD_TD), three DAPs of YE8112 also regulated in SD_TD, 84 DAPs unique to MO17, and five overlapping DAPs between the two inbred lines. The most significantly enriched DAPs in YE8112 were associated with the photosynthesis antenna proteins pathway, whilst those in MO17 were related to C5-branched dibasic acid metabolism and RNA transport pathways. The changes in protein abundance were consistent with the observed physiological characterizations of the two inbred lines. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis results confirmed the iTRAQ sequencing data. The higher drought tolerance of YE8112 was attributed to: activation of photosynthesis proteins involved in balancing light capture and utilization; enhanced lipid-metabolism; development of abiotic and biotic cross-tolerance mechanisms; increased cellular detoxification capacity; activation of chaperones that stabilize other proteins against drought-induced denaturation; and reduced synthesis of redundant proteins to help save energy to battle drought stress. These findings provide further insights into the molecular signatures underpinning maize drought stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (23) ◽  
pp. 8064-8077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yumin Zhang ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Xudong Li ◽  
Guanglong Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Raffinose Synthase ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Anabolic Pathway

Raffinose and its precursor galactinol accumulate in plant leaves during abiotic stress. RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE (RAFS) catalyzes raffinose formation by transferring a galactosyl group of galactinol to sucrose. However, whether RAFS contributes to plant drought tolerance and, if so, by what mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we report that expression of RAFS from maize (or corn, Zea mays) (ZmRAFS) is induced by drought, heat, cold, and salinity stresses. We found that zmrafs mutant maize plants completely lack raffinose and hyper-accumulate galactinol and are more sensitive to drought stress than the corresponding null-segregant (NS) plants. This indicated that ZmRAFS and its product raffinose contribute to plant drought tolerance. ZmRAFS overexpression in Arabidopsis enhanced drought stress tolerance by increasing myo-inositol levels via ZmRAFS-mediated galactinol hydrolysis in the leaves due to sucrose insufficiency in leaf cells and also enhanced raffinose synthesis in the seeds. Supplementation of sucrose to detached leaves converted ZmRAFS from hydrolyzing galactinol to synthesizing raffinose. Taken together, we demonstrate that ZmRAFS enhances plant drought tolerance through either raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis, depending on sucrose availability in plant cells. These results provide new avenues to improve plant drought stress tolerance through manipulation of the raffinose anabolic pathway.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Tolerance in Wheat and Barley: Advances in Physiology, Breeding and Genetics Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sallam ◽  
Ahmad M. Alqudah ◽  
Mona F. A. Dawood ◽  
P. Stephen Baenziger ◽  
Andreas Börner
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Drought Stress Tolerance ◽  
Research Areas

Climate change is a major threat to most of the agricultural crops grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas globally. Drought stress is one of the consequences of climate change that has a negative impact on crop growth and yield. In the past, many simulation models were proposed to predict climate change and drought occurrences, and it is extremely important to improve essential crops to meet the challenges of drought stress which limits crop productivity and production. Wheat and barley are among the most common and widely used crops due to their economic and social values. Many parts of the world depend on these two crops for food and feed, and both crops are vulnerable to drought stress. Improving drought stress tolerance is a very challenging task for wheat and barley researchers and more research is needed to better understand this stress. The progress made in understanding drought tolerance is due to advances in three main research areas: physiology, breeding, and genetic research. The physiology research focused on the physiological and biochemical metabolic pathways that plants use when exposed to drought stress. New wheat and barley genotypes having a high degree of drought tolerance are produced through breeding by making crosses from promising drought-tolerant genotypes and selecting among their progeny. Also, identifying genes contributing to drought tolerance is very important. Previous studies showed that drought tolerance is a polygenic trait and genetic constitution will help to dissect the gene network(s) controlling drought tolerance. This review explores the recent advances in these three research areas to improve drought tolerance in wheat and barley.

scholarly journals Seed priming of plants aiding in drought stress tolerance and faster recovery: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Raj Aswathi ◽  
Hazem M. Kalaji ◽  
Jos T. Puthur
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Machinery

AbstractDrought stress exposure adversely affects plant growth and productivity. Various seed priming techniques are experimented to mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress on plant performance. It is a low-cost and sustainable technology that proved to be of immense potential to enhance drought tolerance and increase crop productivity. Drought episodes are followed by recovery through rain or irrigation and help the plants to recuperate from the damages caused by drought stress. The severity of drought-associated damages determines the recovery kinetics of plants. Under the recurrent cycle of drought events, recovery kinetics has immense importance in predicting the stress tolerance potential and survival status of a plant. Many processes like DNA damage repair, de-novo synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, osmotic adjustment through the accumulation of osmolytes, the potential activity of antioxidant machinery occurring during seed priming play a significant role during recovery from drought stress. Alleviation of the severity of drought stress through the accumulation of osmolytes, the augmented activity of antioxidant machinery, improved photosynthetic performance, and the upregulated expression of stress-responsive genes attributed by seed priming will complement the recovery from drought stress. Although the beneficial effects of seed priming on drought tolerance are well explored, priming influenced recovery mechanism has not been well explored. There is a lacuna in the field of research related to the beneficial effects of seed priming for recovery from drought stress, and that is the focus of this paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document