scholarly journals The Main Trends of the Internal Trade and Prospect Direction of Its Development in the Republic of Belarus

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. Z. Korobkin ◽  
A. Ya. Yakimik
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Trading Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Structure Of Trade ◽  
Trading Network ◽  
Internal Trade

In the proposed article brief assessment of current state of retail trade of the Republic of Belarus is carried out with the use of state statistical monitoring materials, as well as, tendencies and perspective directions of its development are defined. Research starts with determination of internal trade development tendencies at the beginning of the 21st century under the conditions of world consumer market globalization, the main of which are state regulation growth of food safety and quality of goods; increasing role of trade in formation of manufactured goods assortment; further differentiation of trade forms; expansion of distribution channels by trade companies, including Internet trading; strengthening importance of innovation in trade; increasing role of trade as a factor of region's investment prospects. Estimation of dynamics of retail trade volumes of the Republic of Belarus from 1990 till 2016 at current and comparable prices was made. The main part of the article concentrates on study of current state of trade of the Republic of Belarus over recent years. Tendencies of actual change in its volumes are revealed, as well as, under the influence of price factor. Cost indicators of trade volumes are shown both in national currency of the Republic of Belarus and in US dollars for perception convenience of a foreign reader. The article examines goods and organizational structure of trade volumes, structure of trade according to forms of ownership and volumes of trade organizations. Tendencies of domestic and imported goods sales, electronic trading development, as well as, sales with the use of bank cards have been identified. Separate section of the article explores retail trade of consumer cooperatives, which is currently one of the most significant trading systems of the Republic of Belarus. In addition, the article provides a brief state analysis of retail trade network and wholesale trade. In conclusion of the article the main trends in development of internal trade of the Republic of Belarus are revealed, as well as, perspective directions of its development are determined, the main of which are growth of private property ratio in number of trade organizations of both retail and wholesale trade; in number of retail facilities and sales volumes; growth of retail sales in current prices and its decline in comparable prices; growth of sales share of food products in total sales volumes; increase of electronic trading and trade with the use of bank cards ratio; increase of ratio of employment in trade; improving of trading network typification and specialization; improving of assortment policy; further development of discounters; development of network trading in district centers and rural areas; growth of electronic trading volumes.

scholarly journals The role of the irrigation network in the efficient use of water

2021 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
pp. 03018
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyar Matyakubov ◽  
Davronbek Yulchiyev ◽  
Isomiddin Kodirov ◽  
Gulnoroy Axmedjanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Hydraulic Structures ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
Current State ◽  
Irrigation Networks ◽  
The Republic

The article highlights the unique role of irrigation canals in the supply of water in the required amount, depending on crop demand and the rational use of it. The study of the prevention of filtration in irrigation networks and the study of the existing malfunctions in the operation of irrigation networks, the sequence of works on the repair of irrigation networks were analyzed, and the priority of repair work was determined. The current state of the Khumbuz canal in Khiva, Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. Information was obtained and analyzed on compliance with design specifications during construction and the presence of protection zones in the canal design. Analytical indicators have been developed to extend the service life of the Khumbuz canal to ensure its normal operation and supply the required amount of water to crops. In the implementation of water supply to agricultural crops, priority is given to the repair and construction of hydraulic structures, including the Khumbuz canal. In addition, all the work to be done was planned based on the priority of the work. It has been found that the amount of water required to irrigate crops can be achieved uniformly along the length of the canal, at the top, middle, and bottom of the canal, by ensuring that the irrigation networks operate at the required level. Specific scientific recommendations have been given for the normal operation of the Khumbuz canal. Repairing the canal has been shown to increase water use by 20 percent and increase crop yields by 15 percent by ensuring that crops receive the required amount of water on time. The service area of the Khumbuz canal is 1.460 hectares. The length of the canal to be repaired is 6 km. of which 2,568 km of new concrete. The maximum water flow of the canal is 2.5 m3/sec, and the normal water flow is 2.0 m3/sec. The efficiency of the channel (canal) is 0.93. The article provides information on how to achieve efficient use of irrigation water by repairing hydraulic structures at the required level and the construction of new ones.

An Appraisal of Aadhaar and Digital Payments Strategies in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 130-148
Author(s):  
Ajit Dayanandan ◽  
Rajesh Many
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Electronic Trading ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Payment Methods ◽  
Digital Payments ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Trade Market

India has high digital ambitions despite considerable poverty, the digital divide, and continued high currency usage. Digitalisation has caused both excitement and fear in India – government and companies are excited about an increase in efficiency, closing the leakages, customer confidence, and satisfaction. The present study examines the role of digitalisation in the Indian economy, especially in creating a unique Digital ID (Aadhaar) and its impact on the economic, financial, and payment infrastructure. The study finds major innovations in cheque processing, real-time gross settlement, national electronic fund transfer, and other payment methods have considerably reduced the cost of banking facility in India. The Indian capital market has already witnessed electronic trading and settlement and has recently witnessed emergence of no-brokerage companies which can change the fundamental dynamics of the investment industry in India. The retail trade market, especially e-commerce, ride share market in India reflecting global trends, has also witnessed considerable “multi-homing.”

RETAIL TRADE IN THE TOURIST SUPPLY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
Nikola Knego ◽  
Halid Konjhodžić
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Structure Development ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Retail Structure ◽  
The Relationship

The paper looks into the position and role of retail trade as one of the economic activities which contributes towards creating the tourist supply in receptive tourist regions. The relationship between trade and tourism is not one way. We can speak of the interdependent development of trade and tourism and vice versa with tourism and trade. The paper emphasizes the achieved level of retail structure development in the Republic of Croatia and the anticipated changes which could be expected with the development of the overall economy. Data on the state and changes of retail structures in European countries are presented, some of which represent significant emissive and/or receptive tourist countries. The paper deals with the level of tourist satisfaction in terms of the tourist supply element regarding shopping potential.

scholarly journals Wholesale trade of consumer cooperation in the system of goods movement of the country

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Arustamov
Keyword(s):  
Retail Trade ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
Material Production ◽  
Domestic Science ◽  
Goods Movement ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Intermediary Role ◽  
In The Beginning

In the beginning of article the essence and value of process of commodity movement is considered, the role of trade in it, including trade of consumer cooperation is revealed. Further in the article the role of wholesale trade in the sphere of commodity circulation is considered. Their intermediary role between the spheres of material production and consumption of goods is emphasized. The theoretical essence of wholesale and retail trade in the process of commodity movement is revealed. Further the sequence of development of theoretical validity of these economic categories in various periods of formation of domestic science is considered. According to the author, wholesale trade is a type of entrepreneurial activity in the field of trade associated with the sale of goods by manufacturers or Resellers for further use in retail trade or for professional use. In the context of the study of wholesale trade in the system of consumer cooperation, we prefer the first part of this definition.

scholarly journals Current State of Agro-Tourism and Development Preconditions in Armenia

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-55
Author(s):  
Narine Vardanyan ◽  
Gayane Gharakhanyan ◽  
Anzhela Ghalamdaryan ◽  
Anna Mryan
Keyword(s):  
Document Analysis ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Adventure Tourism ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Depth Interviews

Agrotourism is developing very fast worldwide, and Armenia is not left out of those rates of development. There are serious preconditions for the development of agro-tourism in Armenia. This study aims to reveal the current state of agro-tourism, outlining the development preconditions in Armenia, particularly the role of PR in the development of this field. To collect the necessary information, we used the methods of expert and in-depth interviews, document analysis and viewing. The studied data refer to gastro-houses, house-studios, adventure tourism and other interesting directions of agro-tourism, which were spread in the Republic of Armenia until the first half of 2020 and were in different regions, in particular: Gegharkunik, Vayots Dzor, Shirak, Lori, Kotayk, Tavush, Aragatsotn, Ararat. The results of the research allow us to conclude that: • Agro-tourism has prospects for development in Armenia; • Agro-tourism can contribute to the development of different villages and communities in the Republic of Armenia; • Planning PR campaigns is a necessary precondition for development; • The lack of a common tourism platform in the Republic of Armenia hinders the development. • The expansion of packages offering rural tourism by Armenian tour operators will contribute to development. • It is possible to create a network of guest houses, which will include only the ones that are engaged in agro-tourism.

scholarly journals Judicial Education Development Issues and Prospects in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Light of the OECD Countries’ Experience

2019 ◽  
pp. 819-825
Author(s):  
Zhumabek Busurmanov ◽  
Aiman Kussainova ◽  
Lazzat Nazarkulova ◽  
Almas Kanatov
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Independent Judiciary ◽  
Current State ◽  
Judicial Education ◽  
The Republic

The relevance of the topic is determined by the needs of modern Kazakhstani society in an independent judiciary and highly professional judges, capable of being a genuine guarantor of human and citizen rights and freedoms. Based on the study of the OECD countries’ experience, it is argued that it is the judicial education that plays a key role in the formation of an independent, highly professional judiciary. The current state of judicial education in the Republic of Kazakhstan and its development issues are considered. Prospective directions of its development are justified based on the OECD countries’ experience. A number of measures for improving judicial education is argued to be undertaken: the need for compulsory special training of candidates for the position of a judge, the development of teaching staff through the involvement of the best sitting judges in the training process, and the need to remove judicial education from the executive authorities. The role of new technologies in the development of judicial education is particularly mentioned.

scholarly journals The Current State and Development of Inclusive Education in Belarus. A Case Study Using the Mozyr District (Polesye Region) as an Example

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valetin Valetov ◽  
Mikalai Lebedzeu ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Zhurlova ◽  
Tatyana Vladislavovna Paliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Developmental Needs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Education Administrators ◽  
Culture Of Education

The article presents the current state and tendencies in the development of inclusive education in the Polesye region, the Gomel region, the Republic of Belarus), based on analytical and statistical data. The role of the Center for Correctional and Developmental Training and Rehabilitation in the implementation of the educational process and socialization of individuals with special developmental needs is revealed. The ways of increasing the level of speech pathologists’ professionalism in working with disabled students are highlighted. The role of the international project “Training and retraining of teachers and education administrators in the environment of diversity” in the formation of an inclusive culture of education system specialists is noted.

scholarly journals Current State of the Autoimmune Thyroiditis Problem

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
V. A. Rozhko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Current State ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic

The review provides up-to-date data on pathogenetic mechanisms, opportunities of diagnosis, and organizational and medical measures concerning autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). AIT is a polyetiological disease which is mainly caused by environmental factors, genetic predisposition and disorder in immune regulation. Primary AIT incidence in the Republic of Belarus in 2017 is 58 cases per 100,000 population in the overall structure of the thyroid gland pathology, the AIT accounts for up to 40 %. The upward trend in the number of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, including that in ecologically unfavorable regions, is explained not only by the true increase in the number of patients with AIT, the consequences of stress, but also by the overdiagnosis. There is contradictory data on the correlation of the level of iodine sufficiency of the population with the AIT development; there is no convincing evidence of the role of radiation factors in increasing the risk of AIT. The review analyzes the correlation of AIT with an imbalance in a number of microelements involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and affecting the iodine exchange. The article presents the study results that determined the nature of immune disorders in AIT and hypothyroidism in such forms as disorders of lymphocyte subpopulations, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, changes in the apoptosis mechanisms, which were proposed for use as predictors of the severity of thyroid immune inflammation and hypothyroidism. The criteria for selecting patients with an increased risk of developing AIT complications remain unclear, that necessitates the development and implementation of additional organizational and medical measures for following-up of such patients and assessing their quality of life.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE IMAGE AND ATTRACTIVENESS OF DOMESTIC AND INBOUND TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.М. Нурпеисова ◽  
М. Nurpeisova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
Inbound Tourism ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Jobs

В статье рассмотрены основные вопросы привлекательности внутреннего и въездного туризма в Республике Казахстан, где основным туристическим продуктом Казахстана являются разнообразные природные ресурсы, историческое и культурное наследие. Использованы данные Комитета Республики Казахстан по статистике для проведения статистического метода исследования современного состояния внутреннего и въездного туризма в Республике Казахстан. Анализ статистических и эмпирических данных, приведенных в работе свидетельствует о возрастающем интересе к туристическим продуктам Казахстана и позитивных тенденциях развития туризма. Главной целью развития туризма в Казахстане является формирование экологически и социально ориентированной, высокорентабельной и конкурентоспособной туристской индустрии, способной обеспечивать потребности туристов в разнообразных туристических услугах, приносящие доходы стране и новые рабочие места, в том числе и в смежных с туризмом отраслях экономики. Роль внутреннего и въездного туризма в экономике Казахстана определяется степенью достижения этой цели. Особое внимание в работе уделено важности развития внутреннего и въездного туризма в республике для формирования имиджа и привлекательности для иностранных туристов. Проведенное исследование в области совершенствования деятельности внутреннего и въездного туризма позволило обосновать выводы и предложить некоторые рекомендации адаптированного характера. The article discusses the main issues of the attractiveness of domestic and inbound tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan, where the main tourist product of Kazakhstan is a variety of natural resources, historical and cultural heritage. The data of the Committee of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics were used to conduct a statistical method for studying the current state of domestic and inbound tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The analysis of statistical and empirical data presented in the work indicates a growing interest in the tourism products of Kazakhstan and positive trends in tourism development. The main goal of tourism development in Kazakhstan is the formation of an environmentally and socially oriented, highly profitable and competitive tourism industry capable of meeting the needs of tourists in a variety of tourist services that bring income to the country and new jobs, including in industries related to tourism. The role of domestic and inbound tourism in the economy of Kazakhstan is determined by the degree to which this goal is achieved. Particular attention is paid to the importance of the development of domestic and inbound tourism in the republic for the formation of the image and attractiveness for foreign tourists. The conducted research in the field of improving the activities of domestic and inbound tourism made it possible to substantiate the conclusions and propose some recommendations of an adapted nature.

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