scholarly journals Methodological Principles of the Accounting for Intangible Assets from the View of National and International Standards

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-120
Author(s):  
I. M. Dmitrenko ◽  
R. O. Kostyrko ◽  
V. P. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Principles Of Accounting ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
To Receive

The article defines the basic accounting items that determine the impact on the complex of methodological principles of accounting and reporting generalization of information about intangible assets. The complex of basic accounting positions for intangible assets is proposed in the following composition: definition of the object of accounting; method of identification; response to goodwill; how to receive and how to pay; the criteria for recognizing the asset is intrinsic; method of initial assessment; revaluation model; response to impairment; conditions for the choice and application of methods of accrual of depreciation; directions of disclosure. The key methodological principles of accounting for intangible assets are systematized on the basis of a comparative analysis of the provisions of national and international standards. As a result of the comparative analysis, both conceptually similar principles and those that are characterized by significant differences are established. In particular, this applies to: the ways of obtaining and payment of the intangible assets, for which the IAS does not provide for the free receipt and payment of an intangible asset to the authorized capital of the enterprise, which emphasizes the nature of such assets in view of the obligation to receive future economic benefits; the definition of the value of internally generated goodwill is precisely in IAS, which contributes to a reasonable separation from the value of its own intangible assets in the event of the merger of enterprises; the initial valuation of the intangible assets, for which IAS prioritizes the valuation at cost rather than fair value, as defined by National Accounting Standards, due to the dependence of the usually unpopular phenomenon - the existence of an active market for such assets; the variability of the choice of depreciation methods for the intangible assets, for which IAS offers more opportunities to take into account the specifics of the use of these objects during the formation of depreciation costs; directions of disclosure of  the intangible assets information in the notes to the financial statements, which are clearly defined in the IAS. Comments on the conditions for the implementation of the requirements of national and international standards for the accounting of intangible assets at the level of economic entities from the point of view of the established differences and their consequences are given. It is proved that a much higher level of transparency of information about intangible assets is provided in the case of accounting and financial reporting by entities in accordance with the requirements of IAS and IFRS.

scholarly journals Determination of the Value of Intangible Assets in the Companies of Lithuania

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Bužinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
True Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn accordance with generally accepted accounting standards, most intangibles are not accounted for and not reflected in the traditional financial accounting. For this reason, most companies account intangible assets (IAs) as expenses. In the research, 57 sub-elements of IAs were applied, which are grouped into eight main elements of IAs. The classification of IAs consists in two parts of assets: accounting and non-accounting. This classification can be successfully applied in different branches of enterprises, to expand and supplement the theoretical and practical concepts of the company's financial management. The article proposes to evaluate not only the value of financial information for IAs (accounted) but also the value of non-financial information for IAs (non-accounted), thus revealing the true value of IAs that is available to the companies of Lithuania. It names a value of general IAs. The results of the research confirmed the IA valuation methodology, which allows companies to calculate the fair value of an IA. The obtained extended IAs valuation information may be valuable to both the owners of the company and investors, as this value plays an important practical role in assessing the impact of IAs on the market value of companies.

Accounting Discretion and Purchase Price Allocation After Acquisitions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy Xiying Zhang ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Purchase Price ◽  
Asset Valuation ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Sfas 142 ◽  
Reporting Incentives ◽  
Intangible Asset Valuation ◽  
Value Measurement

The recent movement in standards setting toward fair-value-based accounting beyond financial assets and liabilities calls for more empirical evidence on fair-value measurement, especially that of intangible assets. This article studies the initial valuation of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets after acquisitions. We find that the allocation of purchase price to goodwill and identifiable intangible assets is related to the economic determinants of the valuation. However, it is also significantly affected by managerial incentives arising from the differential treatments of goodwill and identifiable intangible assets under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 142. The same managerial discretions are not exhibited in the purchase price allocation prior to SFAS 142, when goodwill and other intangibles are both amortized. These findings suggest that unverifiable fair value measures are associated with the underlying economics but also deviate from the true values in the presence of management reporting incentives. Further analysis suggests that external appraisers constrain managerial discretion in intangible asset valuation to an extent but do not completely eliminate it.

scholarly journals Comparability of financial statements prepared according to IFRS and IFRS for SMEs in the field of intangible assets

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 67-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Bohušová ◽  
Patrik Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

IFRS for SMEs were adopted in July 2009 as a result of efforts to harmonize financial reporting for SMEs. These standards are based on the same principles as full standards. The aim is, compared to full IFRS reporting of these businesses, to significantly simplify, mainly from the reason that the strict application of the principles of the full standards does not excessively financially and administratively burden smaller accounting entity. Field of identifying, recording and reporting of intangible assets except goodwill is an important field in which the methodology is substantially different. In the pre­sent paper there is documented on the example the impact of different methods for recording of internally generated intangible assets in the both systems into balance sheet and profit or loss and into the selected indicators of financial analysis. Definition of issues that may arise during the transition from the IFRS for SMEs to full IFRS and vice versa, in the context of drafting the opening balance sheet is another field to which the paper is dedicated.

Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 5/2019 – Inventories: An investigation of commodity operations during forensic auditing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1368-1385
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. KOZMENKOVA ◽  
Ekaterina V. TYUN’KOVA
Keyword(s):  
Fair Value ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Accounting Standard ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Forensic Accounting ◽  
Forensic Expert ◽  
Accounting Expertise ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Crimes

Subject. This article focuses on accounting expertise that holds a unique position in the system of effective economic crimes and infringement prevention. Objectives. The article aims to identify the impact of the new Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 5/2019 – Inventories on the procedure for conducting a forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions in trade. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, systematization, induction and deduction. Results. Based on the research results, the article proposes a definition of the subject of forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions, and it reveals that the introduction of FSBU 5/2019 – Inventories into accounting practice contributed to the emergence of such examination objects as the fair value of goods and their impairment. The article also proposes to use in the activities of a forensic expert accountant the author-developed algorithms for conducting expert examinations. Conclusions and Relevance. The implementation of FSBU 5/2019 introduces new objects of forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions in trade, so the proposed algorithms for expert examination will contribute to optimizing the activities of the forensic expert accountant. The results of the study can be applied both in the theory and practice of forensic economic expertise.

SIMULATION OF FUGITIVE EMISSIONS OF DUST AND GASES INTO THE ATMOSPHERE DURING BLASTING OPERATIONS IN THE QUARRIES OF MINING AND PROCESSING PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Алла Звягинцева ◽  
Alla Zvyaginceva ◽  
Светлана Сазонова ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova ◽  
В. Кульнева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Fugitive Emissions ◽  
Critical Situation ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The issues of the impact of harmful emissions from technological processes and productions in a mining and processing plant are considered. Investigations of the sources of the formation of poisonous twisted gases and dust in the atmosphere of the quarry were carried out The quantitative and qualitative composition of dust and gas emissions emitted during blasting operations is considered. The simulation of fugitive emissions of substances into the atmosphere with the definition of the main parameters of emissions during explosions. Based on the analysis of the calculations, it was revealed that the concentration of harmful substances in emissions is many times higher than the MPC, which creates a critical situation in the working areas of the plant. A comparative analysis of the project of limit-permissible emissions into the atmosphere and actual emissions at JSC Lebedinsky GOK was performed.

scholarly journals Not Just Business as Usual in the EU: A Comprehensive Analysis of Immigration and Tax Issues Related to Business Trips in 17 Schengen Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marco Mazzeschi ◽  
Clayton E. Cartwright Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Work Permit ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
The Eu ◽  
International Companies

This article undertakes a comparative analysis of doing business in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc vis-à-vis working in the Schengen Bloc. Through a critical review of what may constitute business activities vs. work in all 17 Schengen member states, the article establishes how international companies can minimize unintentional exposure to immigration noncompliance as well as possible tax liabilities. As the article observes, there is a general absence of a standard EU legal definition of ‘work’ vs. ‘business activities’ that international companies can apply when sending employees for business purposes to the Schengen Bloc. In the absence of specific criteria, the article outlines what characterizes business activities in 17 Schengen countries and then several international standards, which concerned parties can use a reference point. By examining various sources including EU, OECD and ILO frameworks, the article’s research indicates general terms of reference in distinguishing business activities from work, and how that distinction confers the need for a business visa or a work permit in the European Union’s Schengen Bloc.

scholarly journals Assessing the Intangible Assets

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (519) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
O. V. Fomina ◽  
◽  
O. O. Avhustоva ◽  
I. K. Shushakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Intangible Assets ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Intangible Asset ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Cost

The article is concerned with the issues of assessing the intellectual property rights as part of intangible assets of enterprises. The article is aimed at substantiating the theoretical principles and improving methodological approaches to the assessment of intangible assets in the process of formation of the value of enterprise. The normative-legal regulation of valuation of intangible assets in order to determine the value of intangible assets of enterprises in monetary terms for the purposes of accounting and in the field of professional valuation activity is studied. The interrelationship of approaches of independent professional estimation and accounting valuation in order to apply it to the needs of accountance is specified. Described are the cost (based on determining the cost of expenses, necessary for the reproduction or substitution of the valuation object), profit (used to determine the valuation of intellectual property rights, based on the application of assessing procedures for transferring the expected profit to the value of the assessed object) and comparative (determines the market value of an intangible asset, when there is sufficient reliable information on prices in the market of such objects and the terms of contracts for the disposal of property rights to such objects) approaches to the valuation of intangible assets. The formulas for computing the value of intangible assets based on the cost approach are provided. The assessment of intangible assets is carried out according to the above specified formulas of the cost approach on the example of a patent for invention. It is determined that in the absence of an active market to determine the fair value of intangible assets, it is advisable to apply the cost approach, namely: the method of direct reproduction.

scholarly journals Item in dependability: definition and content of the concept

Dependability ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Netes
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Relationship

Aim. The paper continues the series of publications that investigate and discuss the essence and definitions of the basic concepts of the dependability theory. It analyzes the basic concept, which is the subject of consideration in dependability, for which the term “item” is usually used. The concept of “dependability” is defined for it, and in general all the terminology of dependability applies to it. The following issues are considered: how to name and define this subject of consideration, what it can be, what can be its constituents. In particular, the relationship between the concepts of “item” and “product” is discussed.Methods. The evolution of definitions of this concept in the Russian and international terminological standards in dependability over the past 30 years is traced. A comparative analysis of other standards and federal laws relating to items of different types is carried out. The viability of two main ways of getting an idea of a concept is considered: illustrative (based on examples) and definitional (by means of sequential definition of some concepts through others).Findings and conclusions. The definition and correct understanding of the concept of “item” is of great importance, as it affects the scope of dependability standards. It is explained why it is necessary to accept that the definitions of the basic concepts cannot be rigorously formalized and are in fact only explanations. It is shown that the definitions of the item in the existing Russian and international standards (GOST 27.002–2015 and IEC 60050-192:2015) have inaccuracies. To eliminate them, improved notes to the definition of an item are proposed. The first note lists the possible types of items: products (parts, assembly units, complexes) and their components; buildings and structures; systems consisting of jointly functioning products and structures and their subsystems. The second note indicates the relationship between the main constituents of the item: hardware, software and people (personnel), and their possible combinations. The paper provides reasons for considering virtual items that play an important role in today’s information and telecommunication technologies and are logically isolated subsystems within the systems that they are part of. Besides that, it points out the deficiencies in the definitions of various items in GOST 18322–2016.

scholarly journals The Strategy for Harmonizing Financial and Non-financial Reporting on Climate Risk Disclosures. Part 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Efimova ◽  
O. V. Rozhnova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Risk Disclosures ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Impact

The paper substantiates the need to harmonize the financial and non-financial statements of the company and to develop the corrspodig strategy in climate risks. The study assesses the impact of climate change risks on financial reporting indicators and formulates requirements for disclosing information in financial and non-financial statements. There a demand for such disclosures by investors is emphasized, as well as other interested parties, and the relevance of expanding and reorienting their contents from the task of describing the company’s environmental impact to the task of reflecting the climate impact on the company, its financial performance and strategy. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the international standards` conceptual foundations for financial and non-financial reporting and shows their mutual consistency. Based on a comparative analysis of the international standards conceptual foundations, their mutual consistency has been proved, as well as there have been revealed accounting problems and disclosing information on climate risks in financial and corporate reporting. The results of the study (based on methods of logical analysis, abstraction, analogies, groupings, comparative analysis) are the key provisions formulated for developing a strategy for harmonizing financial and non-financial reporting, including climate risks. Also, there are shown recommendations for the preparation of disclosures regarding the interdependence of climate change and the results achieved with the development prospects of the company. The study may be of interest to Government bodies of the Russian Federation, relevant international organizations in the formation of standards for financial and nonfinancial reporting, interested users, as well as economic entities in the development of internal accounting and reporting standards.

scholarly journals The right to receive qualified legal assistance in criminal proceedings: The concept, the relationship with the right to defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Galina I. Sedova ◽  
◽  
Vasilina Yu. Gromak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Criminal Prosecution ◽  
Legal Assistance ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Scientific Representations ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive

Introduction. An important achievement of modern criminal procedure legislation and law enforcement practice is the implementation of international standards and democratic legal institutions concerning the strengthening of guarantees of respect for the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings. Among them is the right of a person to receive qualified legal assistance. In this regard, it becomes important to analyse the system of scientific views and studies on the issue of qualified legal assistance and its relationship with the right to protection determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, and to determine the main characteristics to which such assistance should correspond. Theoretical analysis. The mechanism of procedural support of the right of a person against whom criminal prosecution is being carried out to receive qualified legal assistance is identified, and proposals are formulated to improve the legal guarantees of ensuring legal activity in its implementation. Empirical analysis. A definition of the right to qualified legal assistance has been developed, which represents the rights of a suspect, accused, or victim to use the help of a lawyer with legal education, who is part of the professional legal community, with a confirmed status, in order to ensure the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings – in terms of protecting the rights of victims of crimes – and all components of the right to protection from criminal prosecution and prosecution, which are enshrined in the current legislation at all stages of criminal proceedings. Results. The authors carried out a study on scientific representations of the right to qualified legal aid and the distinction between the right to protection and the right to qualified legal aid.

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