scholarly journals Investigation of the basic laws of cutting root crop tops

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Nesmiyan ◽  
◽  
A. A. Ashitko ◽  
R. Yu. Kolesnik ◽  
V. A. Maksimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Small Unit ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Blade Width ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Cutting Direction

Purpose: to study the basic laws of cutting some plant materials, the knowledge of which will justify the rational parameters of a small unit for mechanization of removing the root crop tops. Materials and methods. The study was carried out experimentally on a computerized dynamometric unit, according to a non-compositional plan of the second order, using two most common types of root crops in cultivation in small holdings: table carrots and radishes. The value of the specific resistance of cutting tops was taken as an optimization parameter. Results. The study has shown that such factors as the blade incidence angle to the cutting direction, the blade width and the blade speed at the beginning of cutting are crucial and significantly affect the energy consumption of the top removal process. The most significant parameter is the blade width, the degree of influence of which is 2.2–18.2 times greater than the degree of influence of the other two factors. On average, a decrease in the blade width from 0.5 to 0.1 mm leads to a 3–5-fold decrease in the specific cutting force of the top, which confirms the prospects of using ultra-thin replaceable blades instead of a durable wide-faceted blade in the design of the plant-top removing machines. It was also found that at a blade speed of about 0.2 m/s and its blunted blade (b ≈ 0.5 mm), the tops are not cut, but crumpled or (in some cases) deflected by the knife. Conclusions. In general, the study allows to recommend the following rational parameters and operating modes of a small unit for mechanizing the root crops tops removal: the blade incidence angle to the cutting direction is from 30 to 45°; the blade width is about 0.1 mm; cutting speed is about 0.33 m/s.

Effects of Vibration on the Preparation of Ultrathin Sections

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 358-359
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Blum ◽  
Edward P. Gargiulo ◽  
J. R. Sawers
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Environmental Vibration ◽  
Block Face ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Embedding Medium ◽  
Thickness Variations ◽  
Building Walls ◽  
Cutting Direction ◽  
Diamond Knife

It is now well-known that chatter (Figure 1) is caused by vibration between the microtome arm and the diamond knife. It is usually observed as a cyclical variation in “optical” density of an electron micrograph due to sample thickness variations perpendicular to the cutting direction. This vibration might be induced by using too large a block face, too large a clearance angle, excessive cutting speed, non-uniform embedding medium or microtome vibration. Another prominent cause is environmental vibration caused by inadequate building construction. Microtomes should be installed on firm, solid floors. The best floors are thick, ground-level concrete pads poured over a sand bed and isolated from the building walls. Even when these precautions are followed, we recommend an additional isolation pad placed on the top of a sturdy table.

Effect of Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness in Turning of Bone

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 708-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.Y.M. Wibowo Ndaruhadi ◽  
S. Sharif ◽  
M.Y. Noordin ◽  
Denni Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Turning Operation ◽  
Cutting Direction

Surface roughness indicates the damage of the bone tissue due to bone machining process. Aiming at inducing the least damage, this study evaluates the effect of some cutting conditions to the surface roughness of machined bone. In the turning operation performed, the variables are cutting speed (26 and 45 m/min), feed (0.05 and 0.09 mm/rev), tool type (coated and uncoated), and cutting direction (longitudinal and transversal). It was found that feed did not significantly influence surface roughness. Among the influencing factor, the rank is tool type, cutting speed, and cutting direction.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of low cost Root Crop Harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Ratnesh Sharma ◽  
Shiv Ranjan Kumar ◽  
Surpal Singh Chouhan ◽  
Udit Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chain Drive ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Data Book ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Vegetables

AbstractIn India agriculture is one of the most important sources of employment for the farmers and almost everything depends on agriculture. Root vegetables and crops are hard to remove from the soil and it takes much of the farmer’s time. Even after removing these crops manually farmers are not able to achieve 100% recovery of the crops. When these crops are taken out manually this process require many precautions from the farmer. Due to human error approximate 20-30% of root vegetables and crops are left out in the field. Rich farmers can afford the proper machinery to cultivate the root crops but poor farmers are not able to afford such types of machinery. Hence, the objective of the present study was to design and simulate low cost root crop harvesting machines for poorer farmers. The machine consists of a frame, chain drive, gears, shaft, seed drill ground wheel, plough and storage container. All the measurements, dimensions and material selections were taken as per ASTM-A36 and the design hand data book. The design of the Root Crop Harvester was done mathematically and finally validated using CAD software.

Hole Surface Quality and Damage When Drilling Unidirectional CFRP Composites

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eshetu D. Eneyew ◽  
M. Ramulu
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Thrust Force ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Cutting Direction

In this study, an experimental investigation on the drilling of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (UD-CFRP) composite was conducted using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tipped eight facet drill. The quality of the drilled hole surface was examined through surface roughness measurements and surface damage by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that, fiber pullout occurred in two specific sectors relative to the angle between the cutting direction and the fiber orientation. The thrust force was highly influenced by the feed rate than the cutting speed and it shows a significant variation throughout the rotation of the drill.

Exploration of Local Blade Motions During Blade Shaping for Thick Layered Foam Cutting

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Broek ◽  
A. Kooijman
Keyword(s):  
Strain Energy ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Minimum Strain Energy ◽  
Blade Cutting ◽  
Tool Position ◽  
Cutting Direction

The FF-TLOM (Free Form Thick Layered Object Manufacturing) technology is a Rapid Prototyping process based on flexible blade cutting of polystyrene foam. The heated blade is shaped by three parameters, which allows an infinite amount of minimum strain energy blade shapes with none, one or two inflexions. In the shaping domain stable and unstable blade shapes can exist. Stable shapes are defined as curves with none and one-inflexion and are applied for operational cutting of foam layers with the FF-TLOM technology. The tool motions are generated from the static tool poses and are calculated for a linear change of the flexible blade, when the cutting tool moves from one tool position to the next. The cutting blade is positioned to the foam slab with help of a point relative positioned on the flexible blade. The tool frame is positioned with a point fixed relatively to the tool frame. During the tool motions the blade curvature is changed and will introduce a shift of the half way point fixed on the blade (especially in the case of asymmetrical support inclinations and high curvature). Next the local displacement of the blade points in the bending plane of the blade due to blade shaping and tool pitching are quantified during the tool motions. These displacements induce an angle of attack of the blade in cutting direction, and will influence cutting speed and cutting accuracy. The quantification software is developed and will be used in the future for an overall prediction of the total tool curve displacements due to blade shaping, such as roll, pitch, yaw and linear positioning motions of the tool. A general rule for FF-TLOM cutting is minimization of all tool motions, which are not related to the forward cutting motion.

Machining Conditions Effect to Machining Temperature and Forces in Orthogonal Machining of Bone

2013 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 223-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denni Kurniawan ◽  
N. Jiawkok ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Machining Processes ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Machining Conditions ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Cutting Direction

Bone machining processes are often performed in orthopaedic surgery and dental implantation, yet its analytical study is lacking. Towards contributing analysis on bone machining, this study reviews available references on orthogonal machining of bones. Considering the allowable limit in temperature and duration during bone machining to avoid thermal necrosis, machining temperature and forces are the machining responses of interest. Machining conditions (cutting speed, depth of cut, cooling method, tool geometry, and cutting direction) are analyzed in term of their effect to those machining responses.

The Optimization Study about Technological Parameters of YAG Laser Precision Cutting Stainless Sheet

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 2369-2373
Author(s):  
Gui Min Yin ◽  
Zhan Guo Li ◽  
Meng Li
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Impulse Frequency ◽  
Scanning Velocity ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Cutting Surface ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

Using high power Nd3+:YAG pulse laser for precision cutting stainless sheet, study the effects of the laser cutting technological parameters on quality of cutting surface and joint-cutting width. The data of single factor experiment proved： With the increasing of scanning velocity, the joint-cutting width decreased; the width increased with the increasing of scanning velocity, laser current, impulse frequency and impulse width; the increasing of impulse frequency may improve the processing quality and ultimate cutting speed; the data of two-factors experiment proved: when the output power and impulse width are fixed, the impulse frequency will be increased, the joint-cutting width will be decreased; when the output power and impulse frequency are fixed, the impulse width will be increased, the joint-cutting width will be decreased.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR TRIMMING THE REMNANTS OF THE HILLOCK AND THE DESIGNS OF THE CUTTER HEADS OF ROOT CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (38) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
V. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Scientific Task ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Working Bodies

Reducing the damage and loss of root crops during their mechanized harvesting, or performing the operation of trimming the remnants of the root from the heads of the roots, is an urgent scientific task. Improving the quality of root crop harvesting is achieved through the development and justification of the parameters of improved designs of trimmings of the remains of the boar from the heads of the roots. In the article, on the basis of the analysis of methods of removal of the remains of a hillock from the heads of root crops and working bodies, an improved design of the cutter of the heads of roots is proposed, which is made on the principle of "passive copier-active knife".Key words: module for harvesting the swill, rotary swath cutter, passive copier, active knife, parallelogram suspension, compensator.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF METHODS OF WASHING FOOD VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Gladushnyak ◽  
Oleksandr Vsevolodov
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article is devoted to the issues of rational consumption of clean water for carrying out the technological process of washing vegetable raw materials, as well as finding out the reasons for the high energy costs of the technological process of washing. The requirements of state standards that are presented to raw materials supplied to canning enterprises for the processing and production of canned foods are described. The amount of soil contamination and the number of microorganisms that are allowed by the relevant standards on the surface of root crops are indicated. It also indicates the inadmissibility of using water that does not meet the requirements of the standards. The modern equipment of the world leading manufacturers of equipment for washing plant materials and some domestic manufacturers is considered. The main directions of using clean water for the technological process of washing vegetable raw materials are considered. The amount of clean running water used for washing is indicated, which on average exceeds 1.5 ... 2 times that accepted in industry. The characteristics of some modern washing machines are given, the reasons for the increased clean water consumption, as well as the drive power of the washing machines, are described. The average value of specific electricity consumption per 1 kg of washed raw material is given. To solve the issues of rational consumption of clean running water, as well as reducing power to drive washers, a technological process that uses a two-stage washer with a section of "dry washing" of vegetable raw materials is proposed. By coordinating the washing regimes in the two-stage method, it is possible to significantly reduce both the flow rate of clean running water and the energy consumption for the washing process of raw materials. The article shows a diagram of a universal two-stage washer for washing plant materials, in particular root crops. The proposed method and design of the machine that implements this method are protected by the patent of Ukraine No. 107488 for the invention.

scholarly journals Перспективные сорта свеклы столовой на различных фонах минерального питания

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.N. Timakova ◽  
V.A. Borisov ◽  
N.A. Filroze
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Calculated Dose ◽  
Alluvial Meadow ◽  
Selection Of

В статье представлены результаты испытания новых отечественных сортов свеклы столовой в Московской области на различных фонах минерального питания: контроль без удобрений, N120P60K180 (расчетная доза) и N240P120K360 (двойная доза). Количество удобрений рассчитывалось согласно схеме опыта по фонам питания и по процентному содержанию действующего вещества. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 20142017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 20182019 годов неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 7580 . В 20142019 годах изучали сорта свекла столовой селекции Агрохолдинга Поиск для товарного производства: с округлой формой корнеплода Креолка, Мулатка, Русская односемянная, Эфиопка цилиндрической Славянка округло-плоской Смуглянка. Урожайность корнеплодов на фоне без удобрений изменялась от 36,5 (Мулатка) до 47,9 т/га (Славянка). Внесение удобрений в рекомендуемой дозе способствовало прибавке урожая, в среднем, на 20,3 без снижения товарности продукции. Наиболее отзывчивы на минеральные удобрения в расчетной дозе (N120P60K180) оказались сорта Мулатка (33,1) и Смуглянка (29). Внесение удвоенных доз минеральных удобрений не повлекло за собой дальнейшего увеличения урожайности культуры. Сорт Креолка показал на фоне (N240P120K360) наибольшую урожайность 58,6 т/га. Выращивание свеклы столовой с применением удобрений в расчетной и удвоенной дозах уменьшает вариабельность урожайности сортов по годам.Results of testing of new domestic cultivars in the Moscow region on various backgrounds of mineral nutrition: control (without fertilizers), N120P60K180 (calculated dose) and N240P120K360 (double dose) are presented. The amount of fertilizers was calculated according to the scheme of the experiment by nutrition backgrounds and by the percentage of active substance. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favourable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 20142017. A feature of the weather conditions of 20182019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 8085. In 20142019, we studied varieties of beet of table selection of Poisk Agro Holding for commercial production: with a rounded root crop Kreolka, Mulatka, Russkaya odnosemyannaya, Efiopka cylindrical root crop Slavyanka round Smuglyanka. The yield of root crops on the background without fertilizers varied from 36.5 (mulatto) to 47.9 t/ha (Slavyanka). Application of fertilizers in the recommended dose contributed to an increase in yield, on average, by 20.3 without reducing the marketability of products. The most responsive to mineral fertilizers in the calculated dose (N120P60K180) were varieties Mulatka (33.1) and Smuglyanka (29). The introduction of doubled doses of mineral fertilizers did not lead to a further increase in crop yield. The Creole variety showed a maximum yield of 58.6 t/ha against the background (N240P120K360) growing table beet with the use of fertilizers in calculated and doubled doses reduces the variability in the yield of varieties over the years.

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