Excerpts from the history of libraries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
E. N. Kasyanchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Central City ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
National Library ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
The Masses ◽  
National Libraries

The article provides a brief overview of the history of the beginning and development of libraries: from the oldest library of Ashurbanipal, in whose collection books were clay cuneiform tablets to the recognized world’s best multifunctional city library of Helsinki with modern equipment. The author hadn’t task to create a detailed chronology of the history of libraries development. Author focused on not only to public libraries, but also to University libraries, since University libraries have always been the flagships of librarianship. The important role of national libraries in the formation of statehood is mentioned. The websites of the MSU Scientific Library, the Russian National Library, and the Central City Library of Helsinki Oodi (Finland) were analyzed. The influence of the invention of printing on libraries is noted. The history of library’s functions expansion is considered: from the function of protection book heritage to the function of support of readers. The role and significance of the library in educating the masses is noted. The author mentions the ideological component of educational activities of libraries in Soviet Russia. The author speaks about the serious impact of global technological changes that took place in the XXI century and the introduction of digital technologies in library’s activities, and the search for new forms of library’s work. Conclusions were drawn about the direction in which libraries are being transformed as a socio- cultural institution. Author relied on the scientific works of Boris F. Volodin, Alexey G. Glukhov and other researchers in this field, while preparing this article.

scholarly journals Z problemów urzędowej rejestracji druków w II Rzeczypospolitej: egzemplarz obowiązkowy, bibliografia narodowa, statystyka wydawnicza

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 191-206
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
National Library ◽  
Society Of Friends ◽  
University Library ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Registration

Z PROBLEMÓW URZĘDOWEJ REJESTRACJI DRUKÓW W II RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ: EGZEMPLARZ OBOWIĄZKOWY, BIBLIOGRAFIA NARODOWA, STATYSTYKA WYDAWNICZARejestracja polskiej produkcji wydawniczej przed 1918 rokiem. Prawo o egzemplarzu obowiązkowym dla bibliotek 1919, 1927, 1932. Od „Biuletynu Bibliograficznego” i „Przewodnika Bibliograficznego” do „Urzędowego Wykazu Druków”.PROBLEMS OF THE STATE PRINTS REGISTRATION IN POLAND 1918–1939: LEGAL DEPOSIT, NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, PUBLISHING STATISTICSThe author of the article analyses the history of official state registration of prints in Poland in 1919–1939. The main problem was to correlate the collecting of legal deposits as well as compile the current national bibliography and credible state publishing statistics. A signifi cant difficulty involved in compiling official book records was caused by the fact that had been no National Library before 1928. The article draws on the writings of bibliographers from the period Stefan Vrtel-Wierczyński, Jan Muszkowski, Władysław Tadeusz Wisłocki, Eustachy Gaberle, Jadwiga Dąbrowska, Helena Hleb-Koszańska. The author’s starting point is an analysis of legal deposit regulations issued three times: in 1919, 1927 and in 1932. According to the first regulations, legal deposits were to be given to university libraries in Kraków, Warsaw, Lviv, Lublin as well as the Public Library in Warsaw and the library of the Society of Friends of Sciences in Poznań. The main problem was that the regulations covered only part of the country formerly annexed by Russia and there was no specialist bibliographic institution Bibliographic Institute. Under the 1927 regulations, legal deposits were to be sent to the National Library, additionaly all journals were to be sent to the Ossolineum Library in Lviv. One legal deposit was also granted to five regional university libraries Warsaw, Vilnius, Lviv, Poznań, Kraków and two public libraries Warsaw, Toruń.Thus the legal deposit regulations were extended across the country. Under the 1932 regulations, legal deposits were to be given to the National Library, university libraries Jagiellonian Library, Warsaw University Library, Lviv University Library, Poznań University Library and Library of the Silesian Parliament later Silesian Library in Katowice, City Public Library in Toruń as well as the Wróblewski Library in Vilnius today Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. The main problem in that period was the collecting of legal deposits.

scholarly journals Sebuah Upaya Mempertahankan Identitas Nasional: Pelestarian Indegenous Knowledge melalui Pengembangan Teknologi pada Perpustakaan Nasional

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Anton Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
College Education ◽  
School Libraries ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cultural Wealth ◽  
Reading Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Development ◽  
National Libraries

Jika melihat dari jenisnya, ada beberapa jenis perpustakaan, antara lain perpustakaan sekolah, perpustakaan universitas, perpustakaan pribadi, perpustakaan nasional, dsb. Perpustakaan sekolah menyajikan produk terkait dengan pendidikan sekolah dasar sampai SMA, perpustakaan universitas menyajikan produk yang terkait dengan pendidikan di bangku kuliah, perpustakaan pribadi menyajikan bahan bacaan yang disukai yang mencerminkan kepribadiannya, sedangkan perpustakaan nasional seharusnya menyajikan produk-produk yang mencerminkan negara tersebut. Sejarah sebuah bangsa yang besar akan bisa dilestarikan dari generasi ke generasi melalui perpustakaan nasional. Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara yang memiliki indegenous knowledge (kearifan lokal) serta kekayaan budaya yang besar dan tersebar dari sabang sampai merauke. Selayaknya kearifan lokal serta kekayaan budaya yang dimiliki tersebut dapat dikoleksi di- dalam sebuah perpustakaan. Melalui perkembangan teknologi informasi, pengembangan perpustakaan menjadi sebuah jawaban agar koleksi kearifan lokal dan kekayaan budaya tersebut dapat diakses oleh bangsa Indonesia dari sabang sampai merauke dengan harapan mampu memperkuat serta mempertahankan identitas nasional Indonesia. Namun sejalan dengan pengaruh globalisasi dan kemajuan teknologi,semakin terindikasi adanya ancaman terhadap lunturnya kearifan lokal dikalangan generasi penerus. Oleh karena itu,dibutuhkan manifestasi baru agar perpustakaan nasional menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diakses dan ditelusuri oleh generasi muda penerus bangsa, agar identitas nasional tetap dapat dipertahankan. Salah satunya adalah dengan mengembangkan perpustakaan melalui teknologi yang akan memberikan pengalaman yang lebih menarik terhadap “petualangan pemustaka” ketika menelusur sebuah perpustakaan.If you look at the type, there are several types of libraries, including school libraries, university libraries, private libraries, national libraries, etc. School libraries present products related to elementary to senior high school education, university libraries provide products related to college education, private libraries provide the preferred reading material that reflects their personality, while the national library should present products that reflect the country. The history of a great nation will be preserved from generation to generation through the national library. Indonesia is known as a country that has indegenous knowledge and great cultural wealth and spread from Sabang to Merauke. Just as well as indegenous knowledge and cultural wealth owned can be collected in a library. Through the development of information technology, library development becomes an answer so that the collection of indegenous knowledge and cultural wealth can be accessed by the Indonesian nation from Sabang to Merauke in the hope of strengthening and maintaining Indonesia’s national identity. But in line with the influence of globalization and technological progress, the more indication of threats to the dissolution of indegenous knowledge among the next generation. Therefore, a new manifestation is needed to make the national library interesting to be accessed and traced by the younger generation of the nation, so that the national identity can be maintained. One way is to develop libraries through technology that will provide a more interesting experience with “ readers adventures” when searching for a library

Public Libraries as National Libraries – The Caribbean Experience

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Peltier-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Library Services ◽  
National Library ◽  
National Heritage ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
National Libraries

While it is essential that national library functions and services are carried out, within the English-speaking Caribbean these functions can be provided by extending the role of the country's main public library. A questionnaire was administered in 1994 to 14 public libraries and one national library in the region to ascertain if public libraries performed any national library functions and if so to assess how effectively, with a view to formulating proposals as to how best this dual role could be achieved. The survey, in which 13 libraries participated, revealed that a majority of the libraries did in fact act as de facto national libraries, performing many of the functions of traditional national libraries, though there were major deficiencies (e.g. only seven had legal deposit, and only four produced national bibliographies). A structure for a dual-function Public/National Library is proposed, with three functional divisions (Public Library Services, Technical Services, and National Heritage) and a powerful National Library Services Board.

scholarly journals Features of positioning of German university libraries on official websites

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
N. Khymytsia ◽  
M. Kuchma
Keyword(s):  
Rock Music ◽  
Music Programs ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Sound Recordings ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
Creative Music ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Phenomenon ◽  
First Time

The problem of space music as a special cultural phenomenon requires scientific understanding. The purpose of the article is to study the features of the emergence and development of space rock as a specific trend in modern popular culture using the history of the “HAWKWIND” group as an example. The chronology of sound recordings of the “HAWKWIND” group as one of the founders of the “Space Rock Music” is established. The role of Dave Broсk, Bob Kalvert and other group participants in the creation of creative music programs is noted. It is proved that these musicians are the principles of the historical phenomenon, which received popularity as “Space Rock”. For the first time, the analysis of “HAWKWIND” sound documents through the prism of the history of space music development has been proposed.

Robots and Moral Revolutions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Danaher
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Social Morality ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Moral Systems ◽  
History Of

Human societies have, historically, undergone a number of moral revolutions. Some of these have been precipitated by technological changes. Will the integration of robots into our social lives precipitate a new moral revolution? In this keynote, I will look at the history of moral revolutions and the role of techno-social change in facilitating those revolutions. I will examine the structural properties of human moral systems and how those properties might be affected by social robots. I will argue that much of our current social morality is agency-centric and that social robots, as non-standard agents, will disrupt that model.

Changing Greek libraries: A continuous dialogue

IFLA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Glossiotis ◽  
Evgenia Vassilakaki ◽  
Eva Semertzaki
Keyword(s):  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Library And Information Science ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
National Library ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
Library Buildings

In the era of radical socio-economic-technological developments, the Library and Information Science sector in Greece is undergoing a series of changes in a dialectic relation with technological changes. Libraries in Greece have a long history, from the Academy of Plato and the Lyceum of Aristotle in the 5th century BC to the transition of the National Library of Greece at the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Centre. This paper aims to provide an overview and record the milestones signifying the beginning of the changes happening in every aspect of the Greek LIS landscape. In addition, it aims to highlight the changes in the Greek library scene, extending from synergies and networks to new library buildings, as well as the role of LIS education and lifelong learning.

The Changing Role of the National Library in the New Information Environment

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham P. Cornish
Keyword(s):  
National Archive ◽  
Information Environment ◽  
National Library ◽  
Cultural Attitudes ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Information ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
National Libraries

The new information environment is a combination of technical advances and cultural attitudes; both of these have major implications for the role of the national library. As part of a Unesco-funded study in 1990, a survey was carried out to determine how national libraries were coping with the present situation; the situation varies, but there is cause for concern. The three basic characteristics of a national library – that it is publicly funded, gives access to the public, and acts as the national archive of material published in the country – are all called into question. Functions such as collection building, exploitation of the collections, and creation of the national bibliographic record need to be rethought. The new information environment has much to contribute to the handicapped, and national libraries should ensure the development of services for those with special needs. They need to respond to the changing situation rapidly by taking the lead in their respective countries; failure to take the initiative will leave it to be taken by people who will make decisions on purely technical, economic or political grounds.

The National Libraries of the Countries of the Francophonie: A Comparative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
Marcel Lajeunesse
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
National Library ◽  
African Countries ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
National Libraries

The International Organization of the Francophonie (Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, OIF) which developed over the last decades of the twentieth century brings together, as of 2008, 53 State and government full members and 13 observer members, spread out over five continents. The Répertoire des bibliothèques nationales de la Francophonie, which is in its third edition (2008), presents index cards on every national library, or library fulfilling such a role, of each member or observer country. After presenting an overview of the International Organization of the Francophonie, this article looks at the creation of the national library in each country, legal deposit and national bibliography. Then, communication (websites) and international relations (membership of IFLA) are addressed. Of the 63 countries surveyed, only 9 countries do not have a national library, although the majority of these nine countries have another institution – a national documentation centre, public or parliamentary library or national archives – that normally fulfils the functions of a national library. It must be recognized that there is a large disparity between the national libraries of developed countries in Europe and North America and those in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and the Antilles. In some sub-Saharan African countries, the national library has only a nominal existence.

The Swiss National Library

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Frédéric Jauslin
Keyword(s):  
Information Service ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Federal State ◽  
National Library ◽  
Information Centre ◽  
General Review ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Information And Technology

This Swiss National Library, which dates from 1894, initially had the function of collecting Helvetica; later the construction of a union catalogue and the creation of a central information service were added to its responsibilities. It achieved much success, but from the 1970s reduced funds and a lack of foresight severely eroded its standing and role. Following the appointment of a new Director in 1990, a team of experts in information and technology was formed, a general review of the library's strengths and weaknesses was carried out, and an automation programme was started. A new policy has had to be defined for the role of a national library in a federal state. It is proposed that the library's responsibilities should include all kinds of information resources, and give equal attention to conversation and the provision of services, the latter particularly as an information centre for material of Swiss interest. Greatly increased funds and staff are being sought. A revision of the law relating to the National Library has been submitted to Parliament; this defines its collection policy (including legal deposit, which the library has not hitherto had) and prescribes its bibliographic services. These developments should lead to the regaining of a prominent position for the library and thence to a national coordination plan for Swiss libraries. The National Library will seek solutions for the problems posed by multilingualism. It will also look for cooperation with other national libraries in Europe.

scholarly journals The importance of legislation in the provision of national and public library services in Zambia

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Zulu ◽  
Mpho Ngoepe ◽  
Nampombe Saurombe
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Library Service ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Past ◽  
Service Legislation ◽  
National Libraries ◽  
Made In

Legislation plays an important role in the provision of national and public library services. In Zambia, however, libraries that perform the functions of national and public libraries are operating without a legislative mandate. As a result, there is fragmentation of library services as there is no single institution which performs all the functions of a national library service. Although several efforts have been made in the past to enact national library service legislation, no Act of Parliament has been passed to date (2015). This study provides empirical evidence depicting the benefits of having legislation in the provision of national and public library services. The study identifies institutions that perform functions of national and public library services in Zambia. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires administered to public library staff and interviews with senior government officials and executive members of the Zambia Library Association and Zambia Library Consortium. The study recommends that appropriate legislation that puts together the functions of public and national libraries under one institution be enacted in Zambia as soon as possible. Failure to transform this pattern will jeopardise the preservation of the country’s cultural heritage.

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