The concept of social and legal responsibility of business: methodological discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Rishat I. Gazizullin
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Independent Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Fair Principles ◽  
Scientific Reflection ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The article examines problematic issues related to the social and legal responsibility of business. In particular, the author argues that the concept of social responsibility of business is an ideological construct filled with meanings formed over almost two centuries as a result of scientific reflection on the relationship between business, state and society. An attempt has been made to present this concept as a relatively independent form of knowledge organization. It is emphasized that the trajectories of legal research must meet the needs of not only the state, but also society, the individual, one of which is the need to establish fair principles not only in respect of rights, but also obligations, responsibility to the individual and the state. The desire of law to streamline social relations by means of standardizing the behavior of not only individuals, but also legal entities, demonstrates movement and appeal to the highest moral and ethical categories, one of which is «responsibility».

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

scholarly journals Mobilization and demobilization in a network political protest

2020 ◽  
pp. 266-297
Author(s):  
Alexander Sokolov ◽  
Asya Palagicheva
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Protest ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Communication Space ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Individual

The article considers the essence and approaches to understanding network political protest. Traditional forms of collective action are changing under the influence of information and communication technologies. The network paradigm focuses on the position of the individual in the social space, the degree of his involvement in the communication space, the ability to control and regulate the intensity of the information flow. Network structures are more flexible and adaptive, more in line with the new reality. Special and main principles of the network structure of political protest are revealed. The article also presents definitions of political mobilization and demobilization. These processes Express the rivalry of the conflicting parties-the state and society, where the support of the broad masses of the population is an important category. Based on the data of the monitoring study, the features of the development of civil protest activism and the use of mobilization technologies were identified. ICTs have a significant impact on their formation and transformation. The state, reacting to forms of real and virtual activity, formulates a counteraction strategy. It is expressed in the use of technologies for the demobilization of citizens, which are also undergoing changes in the era of digitalization

scholarly journals The state and personality in the works of N.A. Berdyaev

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Stepan Yaichny
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Philosophy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

This article discusses the basic concepts of Berdyaev’s philosophy, traces the relationship of his philosophical view and political convictions. This relationship is revealed through the concept of personality, which is the central concept of Berdyaev’s philosophy. Through the attitude to the personality, we can reveal the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the institution of the state, understand the social preferences of the Russian philosopher, who has come a long way from the representative of Russian Marxism to Russian religious philosophy. Having understood his ideas about the ideal structure of society, we can understand the attitude of N. A. Berdyaev to the Soviet state. The article distinguishes between two different types of relationships: the individual and society - collectivism and communitarianism. Berdyaev’s view is shown in the origins of Russian communism, which, in the opinion of the philosopher, are found not only in Western European philosophy, but also in the historical mentality of Russian people.

(Re)Placing the State: Family, Law and Oppression

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan B. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Same Sex Couples ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Political Impact ◽  
Explicit Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this article I argue that an analysis of “the State” is necessary in order to understand legal developments related to “family” that are relevant to efforts to combat the oppression of heterosexual women, as well as of lesbians and gay men. Drawing on recent debates concerning postmodernism and feminist theory, I review efforts to reconceptualize the nature of the state not as a monolithic institution, but rather as a set of arenas, or the site of various discursive formations. Because laws are generated from within, but are only part of, concentrated forms of state power, feminists and progressive groups that are engaging with law must retain an explicit analysis of the state. This analysis must be more nuanced and displaced than it has been in instrumentalist and structuralist accounts, in order to explore the ways in which feminists have influenced legal change and whether this influence is positive or negative for different groups. The limits on law's ability to fundamentally transform the social relations of oppression must however be recognized. In particular, the relationship between overall state trends—for example privatization—and trends specific to certain state arenas such as courts and legislatures—for example enhanced women's rights to men's property and increased legal recognition of same sex couples—must be traced in order to determine the political impact of seemingly progressive movements in areas related to “the family”.

scholarly journals Social Danger, Culpability and Punishability as Signs of Oath Violation

2020 ◽  
pp. 166-174
Author(s):  
Ostap KRAVCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Public Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Attitude

The institution of oath is studied, the signs of oath-breaking are characterized. It is emphasized that a violation of the law (an offense) is not only a subjective guilty behavior, but also an internal psychological attitude, namely the offender’s negative attitude towards legal requirements and protected interests. Guilt stipulates for the subject’s awareness of the meaning of his actions and their consequences, not only as factual circumstances, but also in the sense of their socially dangerous illegal nature. If there is no guilt, there may not be any legal liability, and in this case, it may be a casus. It is noted that it is extremely difficult to determine the guilt in the offense of oath-breaking, and in some cases, it is even impossible, because it is often a subjective assessment. This is also due to the nature of the work performed by civil servants. It is emphasized that the criteria of punishability allows to make a clear distinction between different types of offenses, as each of them has the different degree of responsibility as consequence. Since the institution of oath is within the scope of those social relations that are fundamental in the civil service, given the content of the oath, it is obvious that the social danger of oath-breaking is quite significant and harmful to the state and to people. As can be seen, this act infringes on the foundations and organization of public power, civil service, human and civil rights and freedoms, and can lead to serious violations of certain aspects of functioning of the state, society, and any person. It is concluded that there are some characteristics of disciplinary case in oath-breaking case, namely public harm, which harms the object of the oath. However, it is not possible to state to determine what degree of gravity or harmfulness is inherent in this case, as there is no division of disciplinary cases in the legislation according to the degree of social danger. Although this division can be made on the basis of liability (gravity of punishment) for a particular disciplinary offense (for example, for some offenses the employee may get an admonition, and for others, he may receive a reprimand, and in case of re-offending he may be dismissed, although there are some offences the commitment of which immediately provides an opportunity to dismiss the offender from office and government agency). Keywords: oath, civil service, civil servant, oath-breaking, social danger, culpability, punishability, legal responsibility.

The Governmentalities of Neoliberalism: Panopticism, Post-Panopticism and beyond

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 611-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gane
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The State ◽  
Collège De France ◽  
Control Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberal Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Market Capitalism

This paper draws on the writings of Michel Foucault, in particular his lectures on biopolitics at the Collège de France from 1978–79, to examine liberalism and neoliberalism as governmental forms that operate through different models of surveillance. First, this paper re-reads Foucault's Discipline and Punish in the light of his analysis of the art of liberal government that is advanced through the course of these lectures. It is argued that the Panopticon is not just an architecture of power centred on discipline and normalization, as is commonly understood, but a normative model of the relation of the state to the market which, for Foucault, is ‘the very formula of liberal government’. Second, the limits of panopticism, and by extension liberal governance, are explored through analysis of Gilles Deleuze's account of the shift from disciplinary to ‘control’ societies, and Zygmunt Bauman's writings on individualization and the ‘Synopticon’. In response to Deleuze and Bauman, the final section of this paper returns to Foucault's lectures on biopolitics to argue that contemporary capitalist society is characterized not simply by the decline of state powers (the control society) or the passing down of responsibilities from the state to the individual (the individualization thesis), but by the neoliberal marketization of the state and its institutions; a development which is underpinned by a specific form of governmentality. In conclusion, a four-fold typology of surveillance is advanced: surveillance as discipline, as control, as interactivity, and as a mechanism for promoting competition. It is argued that while these types of surveillance are not mutually exclusive, they are underpinned by different governmentalities that can be used to address different aspects of the relationship between the state and the market, and with this the social and cultural logics of contemporary forms of market capitalism more broadly.

Motherhood and Education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koeli Goel
Keyword(s):  
Online Communication ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Global Studies ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Educational Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Meanings ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Motherhood is the institution on which state and society have traditionally depended for preparing a well-socialized populace even before formal educational systems begin to have an effect. Mothering has taken a new urgency in a 21st-century globalized, neoliberal, and intricately connected world in which the social contract between the state and the individual has been in profound revision. Mothers are being expected to adapt to rapidly changing educational environments with on-site school systems disrupted in response to global health crises and homeschooling assuming spectacularly new meanings. New blended roles for tutoring, mentoring, and counseling while also nurturing the child are now the newest normal for mothers. Considering the pivotal role played by mothers in a human being’s birth, socialization, and education, perhaps educational research can progressively encourage a more nuanced incorporation of motherhood studies. It might be useful to examine the relationship between motherhood and education within a framework of familial power relations combined with a global studies in education perspective. The different facets of motherhood as well as the entangling of care and power are critical to the project of education. Motherhood as institution, motherhood as identity, and motherhood as experience thus become crucial coordinates for an interdisciplinary engagement with motherhood’s relationship with education. While educational technologies and online communication platforms have incrementally transformed the field of education, the mothers role has evolved and mothers often need to be educated so they may best guide their digital native wards. Parents jointly take many decisions regarding children’s education and future, but it is most often the mother who follows through with the agenda. This close personal involvement brings additional responsibilities, authority, and power—all of which have epistemological consequences, highlighting areas that might help establish nuanced connections between motherhood and education.

scholarly journals Theoretical aspects of the state and local self- government authorities’ relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
P. Trachuk ◽  
Iryna Anatoliyvna Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The State ◽  
General Description ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
State And Society ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The article investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of the main parameters of state and self-government structures, its interaction in the process of formation and development of the state, its separation from society. The authors make a general description of the state, local government, social sphere. Attention is paid to the issues of relations between local self-government and institutions of the state, society, institutions of human and citizen’ rights and freedoms. The objective factors of the relationship between the state and self-government principles are considered, including the degree of socio-economic maturity of society, the ratio and arrangement of social groups. An attempt to determine the role of the individual in the implementation of the harmonization of human and citizen rights and freedoms with the interests of the state and society has been made there.

scholarly journals ALIENATION FROM ITSELF AS A BREAK OF TIES WITH THE WORLD

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Yulia Brodetska
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Internal Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Individual ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Spiritual Potential ◽  
The Relationship

The study analysis focuses on one of the main existential problems of the individual and social life development, namely the problem of alienation. As a phenomenon that describes the ontological situation of violation or rupture of the individual's ties with the common being, alienation is a condition of non-acquisition or loss of meaning in life. Reproduced genetically in the Judeo-Christian tradition, the alienation phenomenon characterizes the situation of connection loss of the individual with his spiritual potential. That is, we are talking about the non-disclosure of the inner potential of human. Therefore, it is noted that as a result, a person refuses to take responsibility for his life. In this situation, internal resources are directed not to the development of the soul potential, but to the achievement of material goods. The latter are presented by the modern socio-political system as markers of "success". Thus, a person betrays himself. It, therefore, subordinates its life to the power of external forces, alien, inherent in its nature. This leads to a gap between essence and existence, the formation of dissatisfaction feelings, helplessness, inadequacy. The author focuses on the fact that integrity, co-existence, co-involvement, demand for personality are born in the relationship. Therefore, any violation, deformation or simulation of these spiritual connections causes problems of both individual and social development. The modern relations space, in which "distant connections" predominate, only states the actualization of the individual alienation problem, which is transmitted from the individual space to all types of social relations. The solution to the problem, according to the author, lies in the space of existential issues, overcoming tendencies to self-alienation of the individual. It is this perspective of the study of the social and individual problems development and requires the development of a methodology for studying the issue.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of the Essence of Education and Human Ethics-Hegel’s View

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
A. L. M. Riyal
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern Period ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Liberation Education ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Individual Existence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Education and ethics were like two sides of a coin. This was stated by Hegel in the early modern period. However, these two concepts are viewed separately in the contemporary era. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to analyze both education and ethics enabling the well-ordered society to understand the relationship between education and ethics. The methodology adopted for this study was descriptive based on the previous literature. Hegel pointed out that ethics is the essential requirement of human beings and the reasonable way of individual existence. Only when individuals become members of the state can they truly achieve freedom and liberation. Education should be ethical education, that is, education is the intermediary of the individual's free will to realize the ethical essence. Education should remove the individual's subjective capriciousness and individualism, make them integrate into the ethical entity constituted by the social system and historical tradition, and realize the individual's self-improvement in the ethical entity. Hegel's principle of the philosophy of law is a work of political philosophy, which contains abundant educational thoughts. By discussing the self-movement process of objective spirit, Hegel explains how to realize the reasonable existence of man, that is, the existence as ethics. Ethics is the essence of human determinacy, which refers to the unity of individual will and universal will. It is only as a member of the ethical entity that an individual can truly gain freedom and liberation. Hegel pointed out that the highest ethical entity is the state. The ethical nature of an individual is reflected in becoming a citizen of the state.

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