scholarly journals Genesis of the ideas of social progress in historical philosophical thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Irina S. Rodicheva ◽  
Natalia P. Sukhanova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
The 19Th Century

Development and social changes are realized in the culture and fixed by the public consciousness, beginning with the ancient civilizations. The concept of progress is viewed through the prism of the history of philosophy. Attention is focused on the creation of the first cyclical theories of the development of society by Plato and Aristotle, the spread of social change to various spheres of social structure. The perception of the idea of social progress as the flourishing and movement for a better future in the philosophical theories of the New time is shown reflecting political optimism and faith in the abilities and intelligence of human. We analyze the genesis of social progress during the 19th century, the belief in the continuous progressive development of humanity, human values, to the aid of which science and technology come. The weakening of people’s faith in absolute and endless progress is taking place against the background of the historical events of the 20th century, including wars, revolutions, environmental disasters and economic crises, resulting in the flowering of historical pessimism, disappointment and doubt in the progressive movement. Under the conditions of the modern civilizational crisis, the idea of progress is replaced by ideas about the regressive nature of social and societal changes. The evolutionary nature of philosophical concepts, the acquisition of the status of philosophy of not being an abstract theoretical concept, but a fundamentally important tool for understanding modern society and predicting historical and social perspectives, is given. The article provides the conclusion that the concepts of zero growth and restrained, gradual development are replacing the idea of progress and regress, while positivist philosophy gives way to syncretic directions and a tolerant attitude towards the world as a whole.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPT OF COMMUNICATION AND THE ROLE OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATIONS IN MODERN SOCIETY

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Diimetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Social Communications ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness

In the article, the author comments on the concept of communication. Opinions are expressed about the place of information technologies in the formation of public consciousness today. It raises questions about the global development of the Internet, its impact on the integrity of not only one state, but also the world, the benefits and harms. Currently, in the era of progressive development of scientific technologies, the concept of communication has become not just an obsessive, but a subconscious concept. The translation of this term from the Latin communicatio comes in the sense that communicatio is universal. In a broad sense, it can be interpreted as ways and channels of communication with the ability to perceive and distribute various information. We should know that communication is not only an object of several social disciplines, but also an object of exact sciences.

scholarly journals LITERARY REALISM IN THE SHAPING OF SLOVAK CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-468
Author(s):  
Milan Kendra
Keyword(s):  
Social Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Representation Technique ◽  
Intelligible World ◽  
The 19Th Century

Aim. The aim of the study is to clarify the internal complexity of the Slovak literary realist discourse and its diverse relations to the heterogeneous artistic, cultural and ideological discourses of the last third of the 19th century. Attention is focused on the appropriation and adaptation of stimuli from other social systems, as well as on the specific literary operations that modify literary realism as an artistic discourse constructing an intelligible world in a cultural sense. Methods. As a theoretical concept, realism is defined as a type of representation or representation technique associated with a set of textual conventions, complex referential and self-referential figures. As a literary-historical discourse and event situated in a particular moment of history, realism is governed by period-specific principles (operating in the mechanism of culture) of selection, evaluating and connecting the phenomena of reality. Only with this dichotomy the multiplicity of paradoxes, syncretism and heterogeneous character of Slovak literary realism can be captured. The theory of social systems (N. Luhmann) allows for a more complex view of realist literature as an autopoietic system in the context of modern society as a system of communications differentiated into a network of separate social subsystems interrelated by the medium of language. Finally, the theory of fictional worlds proposes selective and formative operations that explicate the construction of realist fictional world and the stratification of its functions (B. Fořt). Results. Among the configurational relations of Slovak literary realism, the concept of ideal realism is highlighted as a model of literary aesthetics that flexibly interacted with the discourse of national revival to provide an adequate expression of contemporary Slovak cultural and national interests. Two literary-aesthetic modifications of ideal realism (creative and voluntarist, originated by Svetozár Hurban Vajanský, and deterministic, represented in the prose works of Martin Kukučín) are analysed in detail in order to show the inner complexity of the literary-realist discourse and to manifest its semantic multidimensionality in the 1880s.

scholarly journals MUSEUM IN THE PROCESS. SELECTED TENDENCIES IN 20TH-CENTURY MUSEOLOGY

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Aldona Tołysz
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Museology

The debate on the museum definition undertaken at the 2019 Kyoto ICOM General Conference points to the role played contemporarily by museums and the expectations they have to meet. It also results as a consequence of changes happening in museums beginning as of the 19th century until today. Extremely important processes took place in the past century. Initially, the changes covered the museum operating methods, mainly within museum education and display, however, they also had an impact on the status of objects in museum collections in the context of artistic and ethnographic collections. One of the most interesting ideas for museum’s redefinition was that proposed in the 1st half of the 20th c. in the formula of Museums of Artistic Culture. However, the departure from the traditionally conceived museum towards a ‘laboratory of modernity’ proposed by the Russian Avant-garde was still too revolutionary for its times. Beginning as of the 1960s, next to the reflection on museums’ operating modes, there increased the emphasis on the role they played and the one they should play in modern society. It was phenomena of political, social or economic character that had a direct impact on the transformation of the shape of museums, these phenomena appearing under the banners of globalization, liberalization, democratization, glocalization. Criticism of museums and their up-to-then praxes drew attention to the essential character of the relation between the institution and its public. The turn towards society allowed for such formats to appear as an ecomuseum, participatory museum, open museum. The solutions derived from the New Museology not only point to the necessity to move the level of the relationship between museum and society, but first and foremost to reflect on museum’s activity which is assumed to create an institution maximally transparent and ethical. It is for various reasons that not all the solutions proposed by museums meet the criteria. Museums continue to face numerous challenges, yet they boast potential to face them.

PERUBAHAN NILAI BUDAYA MINANGKABAU DALAM NOVEL TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK KARYA HAMKA DAN NOVEL BULAN SUSUT KARYA ISMET FANANY (KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN)

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Yulia Pebriani
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Symbolic Leadership ◽  
Cultural Shifts ◽  
Time Lead

<em>Local culture is very diverse Indonesia became an honor and challenge to maintain and inherited to the next generation. Local Indonesian culture is very proud because it has a very varied diversity and unique. As time, lead to changes in lifestyle a more modern society. As a result, people will prefer the new culture that may be considered more practical than the local culture. Views on kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck Hamka works and novels Bulan Susut works Ismet Fanany changes and cultural shifts. Kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Sinking Ship Van Der Wijck Hamka's work is described explicitly, whereas kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Month Losses Ismet work Fanany described implicitly. Changes in people's lives has implications for social Minangkabau culture in Minangkabau society. A leadership that is both functional mamak transformed into symbolic leadership. Mamak originally as straps tribesmen, has changed the status and intrinsic meaning.</em>

scholarly journals Sustainable exploitation of temperate fish stocks

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Sparholt ◽  
Robin M. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Production Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time

The theory of maximum sustainable yield (MSY) underpins many fishery management regimes and is applied principally as a single species concept. Using a simple dynamic biomass production model we show that MSY can be identified from a long time series of multi-stock data at a regional scale in the presence of species interactions and environmental change. It suggests that MSY is robust and calculable in a multispecies environment, offering a realistic reference point for fishery management. Furthermore, the demonstration of the existence of MSY shows that it is more than a purely theoretical concept. There has been an improvement in the status of stocks in the Northeast Atlantic, but our analysis suggests further reductions in fishing effort would improve long-term yields.

Overview of the research work of Prof. Fumiko Sugimoto

Impact ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (7) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Fumiko Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Spatial Theory ◽  
Early Modern Japan ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The People ◽  
The 19Th Century

Professor Fumiko Sugimoto has been analysing the history of the 18th century and first half of the 19th century with a focus not only on the temporal axis but also on the relationships between specific spaces and the people who live and act as subjective agents in these spaces. During the past few years, she has been endeavouring to decipher the history in the period of transition from the early modern period to the modern period by introducing the perspective of oceans, with a focus on Japan. Through the study of history in terms of spatial theory that also takes oceans into consideration, she is proposing to present a new concept about the territorial formation of modern states. [Main subjects] Law and Governance in Early Modern Japan Judgement in Early Modern Society The Evolution of Control over Territory under the Tokugawa State A Human Being in the Nineteenth Century: WATANABE Kazan, a Conflicting Consciousness of Status as an Artist and as a Samurai Early Modern Maps in the Social-standing-based Order of Tokugawa Japan The World of Information in Bakumatsu Japan: Timely News and Bird's Eye Views Early Modern Political History in Terms of Spatial Theory The Emergence of Newly Defined Oceans and the Transformation of Political Culture.

Participation of Women in Panchayati Raj: A Historical Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
T Sudalai Moni
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Panchayati Raj ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Status Of Women

Panchayati Raj plays a formidable role in enhancing the status of women in India during post-Independent times. In the colonial regime, women were not given adequate opportunity to involve and participate in the affairs of local bodies. However, in the 19th century, women gradually participated in the Panchayati Raj bodies when they were formally included in the electoral roll. During post-independent Era, due to the implementation of the Ashok Mehta Committee (1978) recommendation, National Perspective Plan, and 30 percent reservations seats for women in panchayats, there has been a substantial increase in women’s participation at all the levels of the Panchayati Raj bodies. Subsequently, the 72nd Amendment Bill and the 73rd amendment introduced in our parliament recommended 33 percent quotas for women. Encouraged by this, women have come forward in an ever-increasing number to join hands with the activities of Panchayat Raj Institution.Consequently, Central and State Governments encouraged women by implementing the 73rd constitutional amendment in 1993 (adding Article 243D and 243T), which also extended the privilege of seat reservation for SC/ST women in the local bodies. Due to this positive impetus, there has been a perceptible improvement in women’s participation in the last two decades. Due to unrestrained encouragement, the participation of women in Panchayati Raj is highly effective; thus, across India, more than 26 lakhs of women representatives got elected in PRI. This paper attempts to delineate the gradual growth of women’s participation in the Panchayati Raj Institution in various states in India.

scholarly journals Global holiday as a cultural phenomenon of the Digital Age

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Ivan Dmitrievich Tuzovskii
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Day Of The Dead ◽  
The Status ◽  
Global Status ◽  
The Subject

The subject of this research is modern celebratory culture in the context of impact of globalization processes upon festivities. The author explores a new phenomenon that emerged in the early XXI century &ndash; a &ldquo;global holiday&rdquo; within the framework of sociocultural transformations related to transition of humanity towards the Digital Age, and formation of the global information space. Special attention is given to the following aspects: creation of media and post-mythological global holidays of the Digital Age, and transformation of the traditional holiday into new metanational forms. The methodological foundation for studying the holidays that received the status of "global" in modern culture became the adaptation of &ldquo;head page method&rdquo; applied in sociological, cultural and futurological research and sociocultural monitoring, including overt observation. The conclusion is made that modern culture marks the formation of several types of global holidays that carry metanational character: the first group includes media-produced holidays associated with post-folklore and post-mythology of modern society, or represent celebratory events as award ceremonies in the field of politics, art and science; the second group includes ethnic traditional holidays that received the global status (Halloween, St. Patrick's Day, Mexican Day of the Dead, Holi &ldquo;Festival of Spring&rdquo;, etc.). The phenomenon of global holidays should be taken into account in creation of the national strategies of cultural policy, and the global holiday itself may become one of the "soft power" tools in the Digital Age.

scholarly journals Improving Education for Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Chinese Technical Universities: A Quest for Building a Sustainable Framework

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 595
Author(s):  
Min Lv ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Paul Georgescu ◽  
Tan Li ◽  
Bing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Status ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Industry And Education ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

The global economic trends and the winds of technological change have elevated the status of integration between industry and education for innovation and entrepreneurship to that of being a national strategic priority of China. However, for a long time prior to that, the many differences between the industrial and educational systems have caused a rift between education for innovation and entrepreneurship and professional education, a profound disconnection between professional education and the local industries, and the subsequent disinterest of entrepreneurial mentors. In this paper, we analyze the status of education for innovation and entrepreneurship in Chinese technical universities. It is pointed out that technical universities should deepen the integration between the industry and education for innovation and entrepreneurship in order to mitigate the imbalance between the supply side of the higher education talent training and the demand side of industrial development. It is also argued that technical universities should change their talent training paradigm, which includes a makeover of the organizational structure and of the curricular system, as well as make amends in the innovation ecosystem with respect to the organization of incubation platforms and of teacher–student teams, in order to promote national and regional economic development, as well as social progress. A method to evaluate the performance of the education for innovation and entrepreneurship in Chinese technical universities, based on specific performance indicators including patents filled, publications, awards in competitions, and acquired funding and on certain non-specific ones including organizational arrangements and satisfaction rates, is presented and then applied to the specific case of the Changzhou Institute of Technology.

scholarly journals India: Problems of Modernization

2020 ◽  
pp. 135-159
Author(s):  
A. A. Kutsenkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Progressive Reforms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Important System

In general, modernization in India follows the general laws of the formation transition: Individualism builds up pressure on collectivism in all areas of society, while the process of individualization of the individual intensifies. However, the dualism of structure-forming ties in Indian society leaves its mark on said process. Neither individualism, nor collectivism can prevail. There is a dynamic balance: Individualization of the individual occurs within the framework of collectivism, but for how long can this go on? Everything depends on the resource of collectivism, which is far from exhausted. In the study the author captures the reader’s attention on three points. First: the radicalism of modernizing transformations must correlate with the degree of society’s readiness (otherwise, even the most “progressive” reforms can be rejected by society). Second: of multiple modernization options, democratic is the most important for the destinies of the country and people, nationwide (it provides the least painful path of development, it is accompanied by the expansion of human rights and freedoms, and it helps to improve the lives of ordinary people. And the third: the importance of the personality type for the historical development of society requires a steady increase in the status of a person. Therefore, human rights movements, which are considered marginal in some countries, should be recognized as the most important system-forming factor in social progress. The legal base and the real scope of human rights, the tasks of human rights movements are becoming important indicators of the maturity of the country’s civil society in the depth of modernization.

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