scholarly journals History training: a time of lost opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Sergii Proleiev
Keyword(s):  
Social Dynamics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The People ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Ukrainian Society ◽  
Selfish Interest ◽  
Productive Development

The article analyzes the problem of Ukraine's independence. Independence is viewed in two ways: as a formal legal act and as the real sovereignty of the people. The acquisition of real sovereignty is seen as a process of achieving social maturity (education) of the people in the course of its history. Shows the genealogy of the idea of an independent state and its connection with the era of modernity. The idea of state independence is not inherent in either the political consciousness or the practice of most of the era of civilization until the beginning of modernity. The thesis is substantiated that independence is an important social task of modern Ukrainian society, and not a fact of its life. The political and legal basis of independence is the sovereignty of the people. It is declared by the constitution, but did not take place de facto. The limited sovereignty of the people is associated with the usurpation of power and property in Ukraine by a closed ruling corporation. The article analyzes three main social forces that determined the development of the country during the period of independence. They are: the selfish interest of the new ruling class, the state aspiration of the protest movement (it is usually called national democratic) and the inertia of Soviet life of the bulk of the population. There is a meaningful connection between the way of governing in the Soviet system and the regime of the dominant corporation in contemporary Ukrainian history. The key feature of the ruling corporation is the implicit, hidden nature of its dominance. This destroys productive social dynamics, creates the preconditions for social collapse. Recently, after the second Maidan, there has been a lawsuit between the people – civil society – and the corporation of rulers and its social satellites for the organization of public life. It is concluded that only the elimination of the privileged position of the ruling corporation opens up the prospect of real democracy and the productive development of Ukraine in a globalized world.

Material Culture as a Historical Source

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Material Change ◽  
The People ◽  
Globalized World

Over the last couple of centuries, there has been a profound shift in the things which Africans have around them, or in other words their material culture. At differing speeds and to different extents, depending on the part of the continent and the political and religious positioning of the people concerned, the goods of the globalized world have penetrated to the farthest reaches of Africa. Belongings, and thus identities, have taken on new forms. This, however, is not a completely new phenomenon, as Africans have been absorbing things from outsiders to the continent for as long as there have been humans outside Africa. Understanding these shifts, and analyzing the causes and consequences thereof, requires the study of a wide variety of types of sources, many of which are dealt with by historians of Africa with a rare degree of sophistication, so that the fascinating stories of material change can be fully examined.

scholarly journals NATIONAL IDENTITY AS ONE OF THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY: DMYTRO CHYZHEVSKYI AND YURIY SHEVELIEV (HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Iryna Valiavko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Identities ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Hard Time ◽  
Historical Times ◽  
World Class ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The study analyzes the phenomenon of national and cultural identities, which acquires the meaning of the fundamental mode of human existence in the modern globalized world. The "hybrid war", in which Ukraine has been involved for more than 3 years, has directed its citizens not only to discover their national and cultural identities but also to determine their civic position. During such critical historical times, a special attention is given to outstanding personalities, with whom the nation identifies itself and who embody its creative potential. Among such "iconic figures" of the Ukrainian nation, we recognize the following thinkers and prominent scholars: philosopher, Slavist, and scholar Dmytro Chyzhevskyi (1894-1977), and linguist, historian, literary critic Yuriy Sheveliev (1908-2002). Dmytro Chyzhevskyi and Yuriy Sheveliev made a significant contribution to the study of Ukrainian culture. They have introduced achievements of the Ukrainian culture to the world, and it enabled an adequate perception of Ukraine as an independent state. Each of them had a significant influence on a number of famous Slavists and linguists from the leading world universities, who continued the study of the Ukrainian culture. Both scholars deliberately chose their national identity and popularized Ukrainian culture during the period of protests and the ethical impossibility of separation. It was a hard time of denial and destruction of Ukrainian culture. This historical period reminds us the current situation in Ukraine, when on the wave of the "hybrid war" and protests against the aggressive Russian occupation manycitizens got intothe "Ukrainization" process. Ukraine was delighted to have among those who identified themselves as Ukrainians such world-class thinkers as Dmytro Chyzhevskyi and Yuri Sheveliev.

scholarly journals THE NATIONAL IDEA: ASPECTS OF CONFLICTIZATION IN MODERNITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-122
Author(s):  
Maiia Moser
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Opinion Leaders ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Political Studies ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Ukraine, which is currently facing of a cluster of various serious problems, has to revise its strategies of state building. A state without a consolidated society and a clear national idea has no future. Ukrainian sociology and the political forces are in a situation of ongoing conflictization. It is necessary to formulate and explain the genuine content of the category “national idea”, which is crucial for Ukrainian society. To classify social conflicts it is necessary to apply an integrative approach, as the methodological foundation for any analytical study of conflicts. In the framework of an integrative approach conflicts are usually regarded not only as a narrative of ruin, a source of death, but also as a certain change that gives the chance to create a new society, as a source of progress. This study analyzes aspects of the conflictization of the national idea in modernity as exemplified by the political studies of the Ukrainian intellectual Ivan Franko. To formulate the ultimate goal it is important to note that the importance of the creation of the national idea and Ukrainian national self-determination depends on the clarification of favorable conditions and problematic historical aspects of political, juridical, and other societal practices. In order to preserve their territorial integrity Ukrainians should understand the nature of conflictization, which entails not only a divide, but at the same time progress. To unite society it is necessary to orient the people toward some clearly formulated common goal. It turns out that conflictization corroborates the level of conflicts of Ukrainian society. This enforces its movement and progress, because conflictization is in the first place determined by a strong bipolarity of trends and disharmony of thoughts. Therefore, it is important to take into account clearly formulated ideas put forward by various opinion leaders and to disseminate them among the population.

scholarly journals New socio-cultural reality of Ukraine and the world: Features and future prospects

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Viktor Shostak
Keyword(s):  
Political Elite ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article describes the phenomenon of identity and its manifestations in a globalized world. It attempts to determine the features of the search for cultural archetypes in the context of the regional specifics of the world and Ukrainian realities in particular. The study emphasizes the deep role of culture in modern modernization processes. The main elements of transformational changes in Ukrainian society and the coordinates of the new socio-cultural reality are analyzed. The role and importance of the ruling class in carrying out socio-cultural transformations are especially emphasized. Future positive changes in the country are possible on the basis of a deep and systematic study of the peculiarities of its mental traditions. Issues of identity become decisive. Socio-cultural reality of Ukraine seems to be a mosaic combination of different elements of its own and world civilization systems. It is time to consistently and purposefully bring order and sequence to all spheres of society. A significant role in this is played by the political elite, which should become the one in its professional and moral characteristics. The transition to a mature democracy is possible only on the basis of culture and responsibility.

scholarly journals Attempts of self-presentation and introspection of the political elite representatives of the Principality of Montenegro (to the question on peculiarities of political culture of Montenegrins at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Varvara Borisovna Khlebnikova
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Foreign Minister ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Crown Prince

History of the Principality of Montenegro, proclaimed after several centuries of consistent struggle with the Ottoman Empire, was quite short. As an independent state, it existed from 1878 to 1918. The reasons are explained by the political culture and level of professional qualifications of the Montenegrin elite, which had to resolve most difficult challenges dictated by the delayed and accelerated modernization of the country. The goal of this article consists in determination of significant characteristics of the Montenegrin ruling class, which substantiate the successes and failures of the principality. Two most prominent Montenegrin politicians of this time, Crown Prince Nicholas of Montenegro and Foreign Minister Gavro Vuković attempted to assess the results that were achieved, as well as their role in the political processes. A comparative analysis carried out on their narrative heritage, assessments given by the contemporaries, and archival materials led to the conclusion that the supreme leaders of Montenegro to the fullest extent possessed the qualities that were inherent to the people as a whole. Political culture of the Montenegrins, which has not previously become the subject of research within the Russian science, remained patriarchal and retained vestiges of tribal structure that impeded establishment of the state of modern type. Several centuries of hostile encirclement and permanent war, put the Montenegrins noticeably behind with regards to the development of education. Therefore, there was a severe shortage of managerial human resources. The low level of professional competence of the elite was compensated by placing emphasis on the military past and traditional values. However, the excessive warlike attitude led to reassessment of their powers, mismanagement with regards to domestic and foreign policy, as well as impeded the development of statehood of Montenegro. The acquired results may be valuable for culturologists and political scientists as the empirical material for studying such complicated concept as the political culture.

scholarly journals Flood Realities, Development Faults and Perceptions – Natural and Anthropogenic causes of 2014 Flood in Kashmir

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISHFAQ HUSSAIN MALIK ◽  
S Najmul Islam Hashmi
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
The Political ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Land Grab ◽  
The People ◽  
Jhelum River ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract The regularity of risk in modern societies permeates everyday life— from the air that we breathe, to the food that we eat, to the water we drink and to where we work and live. We live in a globalized world associated with risk societies which is caused by a myriad of global processes. These processes interact to produce an unforeseen dangers and endless array of risks. Kashmir being politically and ecologically fragile area needs a special understanding in terms of its physical and political geography. Kashmir suffered the worst flood in last 109 years in the year 2014. The present research analyses the disaster management in Jammu and Kashmir with special emphasis on causes of 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. It digs deeper into the politics of urbanization and how the state has turned a blind eye to lake encroachment and land grab. The flood occurred due to the mismanagement of the resources and the faulty means of development. Increased level of urbanisation and its unplanned growth, and encroachment on the banks of Jhelum River proved to be detrimental to the environment and people. The other factors like deforestation, glacial melt and destruction of wetlands in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem particularly in the Western Himalayas, lack of proper disaster management plan in the valley, climate change, land grab, extensive catchment of Jhelum River, administrative laxity, lack of proper flood channel for Jhelum River etc. corroborated in the occurrence of the flood. The combination of these factors increased the vulnerability of the people to the 2014 flood in Kashmir Valley. Natural calamities are known to change politics, and floods are a great leveller. The political instability and unsettled conditions in Kashmir compound problems many times over.

The Essence of ‘the People’: Citizenship, Class Accommodation and the Construction of Political Identities in Britain, c. 1640–1850

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Political Identity ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Original Model ◽  
The Political ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
English Revolution ◽  
Modern Politics ◽  
The People ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The 19Th Century

‘The people’ is an ever present feature of modern politics. This essay offers a historico-sociological assessment of that political identity as fundamental for bourgeois hegemony. English populism is crucially important because the meaning of ‘the people’ was shaped during the English Revolution to allow the bourgeoisie to challenge the old ruling class while achieving hegemony over the masses. This 17th-century populism is the original model on which the basic structure of populist mobilization (the undifferentiated ‘people’ against the ‘elite’) has been patterned subsequently; and, in the 19th century, it thoroughly shaped the political outlook of the first proletariat in the first industrial nation, thus setting an example of immense historical relevance.

The Italian Political Class

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Sidoti
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Ruling Class ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Italian History ◽  
Direct Involvement ◽  
Class A ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

IN MODERN ITALIAN, ‘POLITICAL CLASS’ IS A CONCEPT quite distinct from that of a ruling class. The notion of political class applies to a million people who are in full-time politics. The cream of these professional politicians is part of the ruling class: a term which applies to the people who effectively run the country working in business, finance, administration, politics, and so on.In Italy the history of the changing importance of the political class has always been connected with the weakness of the ruling class, which was evident from the beginning of unification. Italy became a nation-state in 1861, largely thanks to the action of a tiny group of patriots consisting of ambitious aristocrats and romantic intellectuals. While in the same period the Prussian monarchy gave strong leadership to the process of unification in Germany, the Piedmont monarchy led the Italian process of national unification under the discreet partnership, open protection, or direct involvement of other major European states. From 1861 to the present time in Italian history many observers have pointed to the weakness of the ruling class and the interference of foreign powers.

On the Will of the People: Notes on the Political “Theory” of Populism

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Offe
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
National People ◽  
The Will

The “will of the (national) people” is the ubiquitously invoked reference unit of populist politics. The essay tries to demystify the notion that such will can be conceived of as a unique and unified substance deriving from collective ethnic identity. Arguably, all political theory is concerned with arguing for ways by which citizens can make e pluribus unum—for example, by coming to agree on procedures and institutions by which conflicts of interest and ideas can be settled according to standards of fairness. It is argued that populists in their political rhetoric and practice typically try to circumvent the burden of such argument and proof. Instead, they appeal to the notion of some preexisting existential unity of the people’s will, which they can redeem only through practices of repression and exclusion.

Conceptual foundations for the development of J.G.Turner’s general sociological theory: Metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and analytical scheme

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Analytical Scheme ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

The article discusses the conceptual foundations of the development of the general sociological theory of J.G.Turner. These foundations are metatheoretical ideas, basic concepts and an analytical scheme. Turner began to develop a general sociological theory with a synthesis of metatheoretical ideas of social forces and social selection. He formulated a synthetic metatheoretical statement: social forces cause selection pressures on individuals and force them to change the patterns of their social organization and create new types of sociocultural formations to survive under these pressures. Turner systematized the basic concepts of his theorizing with the allocation of micro-, meso- and macro-levels of social reality. On this basis, he substantiated a simple conceptual scheme of social dynamics. According to this scheme, the forces of macrosocial dynamics of the population, production, distribution, regulation and reproduction cause social evolution. These forces force individual and corporate actors to structurally adapt their communities in altered circumstances. Such adaptation helps to overcome or avoid the disintegration consequences of these forces. The initial stage of Turner's general theorizing is a kind of audit, modification, modernization and systematization of the conceptual apparatus of sociology. The initial results obtained became the basis for the development of his conception of the dynamics of functional selection in the social world.

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