scholarly journals La forêt des Erses, laboratoire du contrôle et patrimoine exceptionnel

2013 ◽  
Vol 164 (10) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Denis Horisberger
Keyword(s):  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Jura Mountains ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Check Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
Selection Silviculture

The forest of Les Erses: a monitoring laboratory and an outstanding heritage The forest of Les Erses is situated at an altitude of 1100 m in the Jura mountains in Switzerland. It contains mixed stands of varying degrees of irregularity, and since 1889 has been the subject of uninterrupted records made by the pioneers of selection silviculture by the check method, Henry Biolley and William Borel, and then by the foresters of the Service of forests, wildlife and nature of the canton of Vaud. Since 1967, monitoring of individual stems of over 10 cm diameter in 59 permanent sample plots has demonstrated a positive trend in total wood production, and in stem diameter. This is probably an effect of global warming and improvement in the soils freed from grazing pressure. The processes of recruitment, growth and removal of the stems are complex: however, the relevance of the models used by the canton of Vaud to manage the forests in a sustainable way has been demonstrated. Although silvicultural objectives vary according to technical progress, the interests of the owners, the needs of society and, today, climate change, monitoring the development of forest stands is the core of a responsible sustainability policy. The concepts and enquiries of Biolley and Borel are still relevant after 120 years of silvicultural history in the forest of les Erses, even though today's concepts of monitoring have gone beyond the narrow frame in which the pioneers developed it.

scholarly journals Functional efficiency of stand with soil-conservation erosion control function on the forest unit Banská Bystrica – Uľanka

Beskydy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
J. Jankov ◽  
K. Gubka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
The Subject

The paper analyses functional efficiency of stand with soil-conservation erosion control function. The object of research was the subcompartment 1160 d on the forest unit Banská Bystrica – Uľanka. In the stand was established the network of six permanent sample plots, where the basic characters of structure were recorded and functional efficiency of trees was estimated. The subject of the research was also an analysis of abundance of natural regeneration. As follows from the research, the stand fulfils the requirement placed on ecosystems with the preferential soil-conservation erosion control function. From the total number of trees, 51 % was assessed as functionally highly efficient. On all permanent sample plots there is natural regeneration in progress. On the basis of functional efficiency practical measures were proposed to improve the existing state.

Estimating site productivity in irregular stand structures by indexing the basal area or volume increment of the dominant species

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
John-Pascal Berrill ◽  
Kevin L. O’Hara
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Site Productivity ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Stand Growth ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Partial Harvesting ◽  
Volume Increment

Estimating site productivity in irregular structures is complicated by variations in stand density, structure, composition in mixed stands, and suppression experienced by subordinate trees. Our objective was to develop an alternate to site index (SI) and demonstrate its application in models of individual-tree and stand growth. We analyzed coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex D. Don) Endl.) tree and stand growth in a grid of 234 permanent sample plots covering a 110 ha study area in north coastal California. Partial harvesting created a mosaic of densities and openings throughout the 60-year-old redwood-dominated forest. Redwood SI was a poor predictor of volume increment (VI) per hectare among redwood in each plot over two decades after harvest. A new index of redwood basal area increment (BAI) productivity, calculated using inventory data for all stems in even-aged stands and the oldest cohort of multiaged stands, was a stronger predictor of VI. Diameter increment of individual redwood trees correlated strongly with stand density and the new BAI index. Forest managers should expect widely divergent responses following partial harvesting in crowded even-aged stands, with the greatest response coming from dominant redwoods with long crowns retained in areas with low residual stand density and high BAI index.

scholarly journals Peculiarities, factors and trends of financial behavior of youth (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan)

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Gulshat Rashitovna Fatkullina ◽  
Aibulat Galimyanovich Karimov
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic

The object of this research is the youth of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The subject of this research is the financial behavior of youth. Based on the results of online pilot study carried out in the Republic of Bashkortostan via Google Form, the authors analyze the relevant questions pf financial behavior of youth. The survey included the questions that allowed determining the process of formation of financial literacy, degree and level of participation of the key social institutions in teaching the younger generation the fundamentals of financial literacy, as well as financial behavior practices that exist in the families of respondents. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of financial literacy of youth, as it is largely determined by the financial literacy of the population, which includes knowledge, practical skills and skills, and attitudes of citizens in the field of personal finance. The research interest is also focused on the differences in financial behavior of Z generation (zoomers) and Y generation (millennials). The author determines insufficient level of teaching financial literacy at all stages of education, which entails irrational (risky) financial behavior among youth. Half of the respondents can be regarded as poor people; however, they do not seek for solution to change the situation, such as getting themselves a job. As a positive trend, the author notes noted that in a certain way modern youth is concerned about the future and tries to develop the strategies of financial behavior (mostly medium-term and short-term).

The impact of gender on students’ choice in selecting a Bachelor’s degree from an International degree programmes offered in Sri Lanka: A Case study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koralai Arachchige Vidyanjalie Abeygunawardena
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decision Making Criteria

As the National university intake in Sri Lanka has become progressively competitive over the years, the International Degree Programmes (IDPs) of top-ranked foreign universities emerged in the domestic market to cater to the rising demand for university-level education. Alternatively, those IDPs are mostly offered with higher optionality and flexibility to attract potential students to increase the student enrollment. Thereby, the study mainly discusses the variation of the popularity of the IDPs offered in Sri Lanka within the period from 2011 to 2014. However, the study aims to identify how students select a Bachelor’s degree from IDP based on the subject stream completed for their advanced level and further to identify any significant differences in the decision making criteria gender-wise. Therefore, 694 students (120 in the year 2011, 145 in the year 2012, 187 in the year 2013, 242 in the year 2014) selected from Economics, Management and Social science related Bachelor’s degrees in an IDP and data collected by official documents of the private higher educational institute. The Chi-square test of association was conducted gender-wise to identify the relationship between the subject stream followed for advanced level and the Bachelor’s degree selected. Later, the significant differences have compared within the period from 2011 to 2014. Based on the results, male students show a positive trend in using the optionality when selecting a Bachelor’s Degree from IDP and it is independent of the subject stream completed in advanced level. Alternatively, the decision-making criteria of female students showed differences contrary to male students. Hence the behaviour of students’ needs to be researched and verified in current years to identify significant influences of gender on the decision making process in selecting a Bachelor’s degree from IDPs

Improving the effectiveness of student learning with the help of electronic textbooks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
D. N. Shekhovtsova ◽  
E. O. Izvekova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Process ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Electronic Textbooks ◽  
Electronic Textbook ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Copyright Material

Changes in education contribute to its modernization and renewal. Along with new forms, methods and means of enriching the educational process, the well-known teaching methods using electronic textbooks also hold a positive trend. In the Tomsk Technical School of Railway Transport — branch of the Siberian Transport University electronic textbooks are widely used. The tendency of their application and implementation in educational activities, both with full-time and distance learning, gives good results. Because they use an electronic textbook created for everyone requirements. A plus is the fact that the electronic textbook is developed on the basis of the copyright material of the subject teacher, taking into account intrasubject and intersubject communications. Such development gives a number of advantages over the traditional print publication and allows to achieve higher levels of learning in comparison with traditional forms of training.For students of all specialties, the electronic textbook is an indispensable assistant in the development of disciplines, and for graduates of the specialty “Information Systems” such a textbook is also a good test of their knowledge, skills and competencies. Students of this specialty develop and create electronic textbooks for a technical school under the guidance of scientific advisers and subject teachers, from whom it was requested to present the training course in a multimedia form. as an example, we consider the features of the development, creation, implementation of an electronic textbook on the subject “Astronomy” in the educational process.

scholarly journals Morbidity with temporary incapacity for work in the Southern Federal District of Russia. Selected indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
A. S. Shastin ◽  
T. M. Tsepilova ◽  
V. G. Gazimova ◽  
O. L. Malykh ◽  
M. S. Gagarina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Objective: To analyze the patterns of morbidity with temporary incapacity for work in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation.Materials and Methods: The object of the study is a unified interagency analytics platform. The subject of the research is the indicators of morbidity with temporary incapacity for work of the working population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation of the Southern Federal District over 2005–2019: “The number of cases of temporary incapacity for work per 100 employees”, “The number of days of temporary incapacity for work per 100 employees”. The descriptive statistics methods were applied.Results: The studied statistical indicators of temporary incapacity for work reveal a steady positive trend in the morbidity rate of the working population in all the constituent entities of the Southern Federal District. From 2014 to 2015, there was a significant reduction in the indicators of temporary incapacity for work in all the constituent entities of the district. The indicators in all the studied constituent entities simultaneously declined, this decline being more prominent than in the previous 10 years. The data of the federal statistical monitoring does not represent an overall set of cases and days of temporary incapacity for work.Summary: It is deemed essential to amend Order of The Russian Federal Service for Statistics No. 723. All individuals and legal entities involved in medical activities for the examination of temporary incapacity for work in the relevant region must provide reports in accordance with Form 16-VN to the competent authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Growth and structure of pre-mature mixed stands of Scots pine created by direct seeding in the boreal zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ilintsev ◽  
Darya Soldatova ◽  
Alexander Bogdanov ◽  
Sergey Koptev ◽  
Sergey Tretyakov
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Normal Distribution Curve ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Northern European Russia

The purpose of the research is to analyse the successful creation of an artificial pine forest by seeding and develop recommendations for the guaranteed reproduction of pine stands in Northern European Russia. In recent decades, there has been a steady decline in the share of pine stands and their replacement with low-value and low-yielding tree species. We surveyed 12 permanent sample plots that were laid out in various variants of forest crops. The taxation parameters were obtained by a standard analysis of the experimental data. The evaluation parameters of the stands vary within the following limits: the average diameter of the pine trees varied from 21.9 to 30.9 cm; the total basal area of the pine varied from 19.1 to 38.8 m2∙ha–1; the average height of the pine varied from 20.1 to 26.8 m; the number of growing trees varied from 754 to 1 952 ha–1; the pines varied from 382 to 762 ha–1; the growing stocks of stands varied from 416 to 608 m3∙ha–1. The distribution of pine trees by thickness steps showed that all the studied samples were close to the normal distribution curve. The results of the correlation and multidimensional analyses showed that the creation method of the forest crops had a significant impact on the value of the taxation parameters. It was found that the best options for growing pure pine stands that can be recommended for practical production are plots with a large share of soil cultivation and the size of the seedbed.

scholarly journals Managing mixed stands can mitigate severe climate change impacts on ecosystem functioning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jourdan ◽  
T. Cordonnier ◽  
P. Dreyfus ◽  
C. Riond ◽  
F. de Coligny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Forest Productivity ◽  
Drought Event ◽  
Gap Model ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Severe Climate Change

AbstractClimate change affects forest ecosystem processes and related services due to increasing temperature and increasing extreme drought event frequency. This effect can be direct through the alteration of the physiological responses of trees, but also indirect, by modifying interactions between trees and thus changing communities’ composition. Such changes might affect species richness with high impacts on ecosystem functioning, especially productivity.Regarding management issues, mixed stands are usually considered a good option to maintain forest cover and ecosystem services under climate change. However, the possibility to maintain these mixed stands with management actions with positive effects on forest functioning under climate change remains uncertain and deserves further investigations. Relying on a simulation-based study with a forest gap model, we thus addressed the following questions: (1) Are monospecific stands vulnerable to climate change? (2) Would mixed stands significantly mitigate climate change effects on forest productivity and wood production under climate change? (3) Would conversion to mixed stand management affect significantly forest productivity and wood production under climate change compare to monospecific management?With a 150 years simulation approach, we quantified potential climate change effect (using RCP 8.5) compared to present climate and managements effect in the French Alps, focusing on five tree species. The gap-model we used included a management module, which allowed testing six silvicultural scenarios on different stands, with various composition, structure or environmental conditions, under climate change.These simulations showed that monospecific stands currently growing in stressful conditions would be too vulnerable to climate change to be maintained. Managing mixed stands or conversion from pure to mixed stands would make it possible to maintain higher productivity in the long-term than monospecific stands, even under severe climate change. This pattern depends to species and sites considered. Our results will feed into discussion on forest management in the context of climate change.

GENDER EQUALITY IN SCIENCE. ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Brushkova ◽  
◽  
Irina G. Prokhorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

The subject of the article is an issue of the gender equality in the scientific sphere in modern Russian society. The paper notes the successful involvement of women in higher education and science, achieved during the years of socialism. Currently, Russia lags behind not only the developed countries, but also the countries of the former Soviet republics in terms of women’s participation in scientific research. At the same time, it is noted that a significant number of Russians consider a career in science and technology as one of the most attractive for their daughters. The article focuses on the negative trend of the last decade towards the stagnation of the number of women with PhD and doctorate degrees. The authors conclude that, despite the high level of feminization of the spheres of science and higher education in Russia, the country is still far from achieving gender equality in that area. Along with the negative phenomena, there is also a positive trend towards an increase in the number of young women interested in a scientific career

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