PECULIARITIES OF PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL PRODUCTION AND TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION OF THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE AGROTECHSERVICE ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Yusifov Samad Nuraddin ◽  

The purpose of the article is to improve the production and technical exploitation of the machine-tractor fleet and the efficient use of machinery in the service area with the use of application of resuscitation techniques. The methodology and methods used are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research work of our country and foreign scientists on the technical maintenance of agricultural production, the organization and effective functioning of the institutions implementing it. Here a number of methods of analysis of mass service theory and graph theory are used. The main scientific novelty of the results is the use of integrated indicators to mechanize technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production, to increase the operating level of the machine-tractor fleet. The production and technical exploitation depends on the level of technical maintenance of the process. The results of the research are joint review of “production and technical exploitation” and resuscitation techniques in ensuring the mechanization of technological processes in the context of existing structural features of agricultural production; the use of a comprehensive indicator for assessing the operational level of the machine-tractor fleet; development of the model of production and technical exploitation of the fleet based on four groups that characterize the usefulness of organizational, technical and technological measures, as well as methods of increasing the level of technical service of various economic entities to ensure the quality of the machine-tractor fleet operation: – Existing forms of technical and technological classification of mechanization of production processes in agriculture and increasing the intensity of use of machines in established engineering service facilities; – Improvement of production and technical exploitation of machine-tractor fleet of service enterprises operating in economic climatic conditions and improvement of use of machines with application of resuscitation techniques; – Ensure that labor costs and maintenance and repair in the manufacturing process are lower than the cost of 15 manat per conventional ha etalon; – Ensure the performance of the whole complex of mechanized work with the effective use of the machine-tractor fleet.

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
V. V. Dmitruk ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kasyanenko ◽  
E.B. Kovinchenko ◽  
I.V. Kravchenko ◽  
...  

This publication discusses research work to improve the existing process for cooling compressed gas at the Yuzhno-Russkoye oil and gas condensate field of OJSC «Severneftegazprom». This project consisted in a scientific study of technological processes for the treatment, compression and transportation of natural gas. Based on the results of the research project, a system for additional cooling of compressed gas after the gas pumping units of the booster compressor station was developed (independent of the ambient temperature). When implementing into the existing technological process of cooling the compressed gas, the developed system will provide the required temperature parameters of the natural gas together with the operated air cooling units of gas and recuperative heat exchangers. To select an additional gas cooling system providing the required cooling capacity, taking into account existing energy resources (electricity, natural gas) and climatic conditions of the Yuzhno-Russkoe oil and gas condensate field, a detailed modeling of the different options of cooling systems of gas actually available on the market of this equipment in Russia and the option selection with the highest rates of integral effect and performance index. The proposed solution guarantees a stable supply of commercial natural gas within the framework of contractual obligations and excludes the influence of temperature factors of the environment on technological processes.


2021 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
И.Н. Гаспарян ◽  
А.Г. Левшин ◽  
И.Г. Голубев ◽  
С.В. Щиголев ◽  
Ш.В. Гаспарян

В статье проанализирован мировой рынок с.-х. техники, ее особенности совершенствования за счет усложнения конструкций и активного внедрения технологий точного земледелия. Рассмотрены вопросы изменения российского парка сельхозмашин, который продолжительное время идет на спад по всем основным видам техники. Число тракторов в российском парке сократилось на 18,4%, комбайнов на 16,2%, в том числе картофелеуборочных машин. Сокращение имеющейся в отечественном парке сельхозтехники закономерно снижает обеспеченность сельхозмашинами в пересчете на 1000 га пахотной площади. Более детально рассмотрены применяемые механизированные технологии возделывания картофеля в РФ и необходимая для этого специальная техника, так как при выборе технологии необходимо учитывать всю систему машин от посадки до уборки. Дана характеристика основных распространенных в России механизированных технологий возделывания картофеля: традиционной, голландской, грядово-ленточной, гриммовской, гребневой. Представлена информация по технологическим процессам посадки и уборки, на которые приходится значительная часть эксплуатационных и трудовых затрат. Для реализации этих технологических процессов требуется использовать специальную технику, которая сильно разнится по производительности и особенностям применения в различных климатических условиях и объемах производства. В качестве примера использования комплекса такой техники охарактеризована система производства в крупнотоварном хозяйстве, ЗАО «Озеры» (Московская область). Потребность в технике для картофелеводства остается высокой и необходимо развивать отечественное машиностроение с учетом мировых достижений в этой области. The article analyzes the world market of agricultural machinery, its features of improvement due to the complication of designs and the active introduction of precision farming technologies. The issues of changing the Russian fleet of agricultural machinery are considered, which has been declining for a long time in all major types of equipment. The number of tractors in the Russian fleet decreased by 18.4%, combines by 16.2%, including potato harvesters. The reduction of agricultural machinery available in the domestic fleet naturally reduces the availability of agricultural machinery in terms of 1000 ha of arable land. The mechanized technologies of potato cultivation in the Russian Federation and the special equipment required for this are considered in more detail, since when choosing a technology, it is necessary to take into account the entire system of machines from planting to harvesting. The characteristics of the main mechanized technologies of potato cultivation common in Russia is given: traditional, Dutch, ridge-ribbon, Grimme, comb technologies. Information is provided on the technological processes of planting and harvesting, which account for a significant part of the operating and labor costs. To implement these technological processes, it is required to use special equipment, which varies greatly in performance and application characteristics in various climatic conditions and production volumes. As an example of the use of a complex of such equipment, the production system in a large-scale farm, CJSC Ozery (Moscow region), is described. The need for equipment for potato growing remains high and it is necessary to develop domestic mechanical engineering, taking into account the world achievements in this area.


2020 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е.Л. Макарова ◽  
Л.А. Чистякова ◽  
О.В. Бакланова ◽  
Ю.В. Борцова

Приведены экспериментальные данные оценки по хозяйственно полезным признакам одиннадцати новых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца в условиях весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области. Проблема возделывания теплолюбивых культур в северных регионах страны формирует цели селекционных исследований. Выращивание культуры огурца в Кировской области усугубляется неблагоприятными климатическими условиями второй световой зоны (короткая продолжительность вегетационного периода, низкие положительные температуры, заморозки в третьей декаде июля и в первой декаде августа). Цель научной работы – оценка и выявление перспективных партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца для выращивания в условиях необогреваемых теплиц в весенне-летнем обороте второй световой зоны. Исследования проводили в лаборатории северного овощеводства Кировской области во Всероссийском научно – исследовательском институте овощеводства – филиале ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства» в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц в течение 2018-2019 годах. В результате фенологических наблюдений и оценки биометрических показателей определены раннеспелость, скороспелость и товарность испытуемых партенокарпических гетерозисных гибридов огурца селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск» и ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный научный центр овощеводства»: F1Авоська, F1 Атос, F1 Букет для мамы, F1Малахитовая шкатулка, F1 Мультифрут, F1 Новатор, F1Пилигрим, F1 Спринтер, F1 Реванш, F1 Тонус, F1Экспресс в сравнении с районированным гибридом огурца F1 Каролина. Определено сильное негативное влияние климатических условий второй световой зоны на продолжительность периода «всходы-плодоношение», который в среднем за годы исследований в зависимости от гибрида варьировал от 47 до 55 суток. Установлено, что для получения ранней продукции огурца в условиях поликарбонатных необогреваемых грунтовых теплиц Кировской области следует выращивать гетерозисные партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1Спринтер (3,6 кг/м2), F1 Авоська (2,1 кг/м2) и F1 Атос (2,5 кг/м2). Отмечены партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Спринтер и F1 Атос, которые имеют наиболее высокий выход товарной продукции 95,7 и 94,0%, соответственно. Выделен самый урожайный партенокарпический гибрид огурца F1 Новатор (16,1 кг/м2). В результате исследовательской работы рекомендовано выращивать в условиях необогреваемых теплиц весенне-летнего оборота Кировской области партенокарпические гибриды огурца F1 Новатор, F1 Спринтер, F1 Атос и F1 Авоська. The article presents the experimental data on the assessment of economically useful traits of eleven new parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids under the conditions of the spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region. The problem of cultivation of thermophilic crops, which arises in the northern regions of the country, is one of the stages of breeding research. The cultivation of cucumber in the Kirov region is aggravated by unfavorable climatic conditions of the second light zone (short duration of the growing season, low positive temperatures, frosts in the third decade of July and in the first decade of August). The purpose of the scientific work is to evaluate and identify promising parthenocarpic heterotic hybrids of cucumber for growing in unheated greenhouses in the spring-summer turnover of the second light zone. The research was carried out in the laboratory of northern vegetable growing of the Kirov region at the All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Growing - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre in the conditions of polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses during 2018-2019. As a result of phenological observations and assessment of biometric indicators, the early maturity, early maturity and marketability of the tested parthenocarpic heterotic cucumber hybrids of the selection of Agroholding Poisk and ARRIVG – a branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Centre were determined: F1 Avoska, F1 Atos, F1 Buket dlya mamy, F1 Multifrut, F1 Novator, F1 Piligrim, F1Sprinter, F1 Revansh, F1 Tonus, F1 Express in comparison with the zoned hybrid of cucumber F1 Carolina. A strong negative influence of climatic conditions of the second light zone on the duration of the seedling-fruiting period was determined, which on average over the years of research, depending on the hybrid, varied from 47 to 55 days. It has been established that to obtain early production of cucumber in polycarbonate unheated ground greenhouses of the Kirov region, heterotic parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter (3.6 kg/m2), F1 Avoska (2.1 kg/m2) and F1 Atos (2.5 kg/m2). Parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1 Sprinter and F1 Atos were noted, which have the highest yield of marketable products, 95.7 and 94.0%, respectively. The most productive parthenocarpic cucumber hybrid F1Novator (16.1 kg/m2) has been identified. As a result of the research work, it was recommended to grow parthenocarpic cucumber hybrids F1Novator, F1 Sprinter, F1 Atos and F1 Avoska under conditions of unheated greenhouses of spring-summer turnover of the Kirov region.


2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zs. Veres ◽  
É. Domokos-Szabolcsy ◽  
J. Koroknai ◽  
L. Dudás ◽  
I. J. Holb ◽  
...  

Recently, projects aiming to enhance the consumption of fruits and vegetables are intensified. Experts agree in the principle of fresh vegetable foods being a valid panacea in averting risks of ailments as well as curing immune-insufficiency, inflammations, moreover, certain cancerous processes. It is generally accepted that among substances of biological activity the anti-oxidant compounds such as vitamins C, E and carotenoids, etc. have the major role in this process. Hungarian agriculture has outstanding chances in utilising its natural as well as cultivated plant resources and favourable climatic conditions. It would be, however, necessary to build up a databank of anti­oxidant substances found in fruits and vegetables and including the modifying effects of technology, growing site, variety, etc. The concept of promoting the trade of Hungarian food-specialities as "Hungaricum" needs, urgently, the aid of a databank of that kind. Some of those excellent products are for instance the sour cherry, pepper and onion. They enjoy high priority as "Hungaricum" in the EU and it should be enhanced by intense and consequent research work, which may prove their role as functional foods. The USA is the leading country in research on the anti-oxidant substances of sour cherries, and up to now more than 17 compounds have been found in Hungarian varieties among others. In pepper fruits used as vegetable and source of vitamin C, the analyses are still lacking because research of the past concentrated on the products of milled spice pepper. Onion and garlic are entirely unexplored in this respect. It should be noted that availability of these fresh products in the moderate climate is restricted to a relatively short season. For that reason, some processing and preservation methods are needed in order to use those fruits and vegetables as functional foods all around the year. The scientifically founded endeavour as a solution of the questions mentioned is stimulated by vigorous commercial interests as well as by the urgent needs of the consumers to improve their health.


Author(s):  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Babenko ◽  

Purpose: to analyze the experience of Russian scientists in the field of application of a differentiated approach to agricultural crops irrigation. The overview of research work of domestic scientists on the use of an irrigation system in agriculture, in which the provision of agricultural crops with water to maintain a given level of the minimum water capacity will be carried out during the most critical periods of their growth and development is presented. During irrigation, the timing, frequency, irrigation rates depend on the level of groundwater occurrence, agrochemical properties of soils, weather and climatic conditions, phases of growth and development of crops. The application of a differentiated irrigation regime to maintain a given level of pre-irrigation moisture allows increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, the quality of products obtained while reducing irrigation and watering rates, the number of waterings. Conclusions. The study of the results of research work of domestic scientists in the field of influence of irrigation and the fertilization system on the yield and quality of agricultural products allows concluding that obtaining the planned yields is possible only if irrigation regimes are observed and the level of soil fertility is maintained by applying various fertilizers. The use of a differentiated approach to irrigation while maintaining a given level of pre-irrigation soil moisture during critical periods of crop development allows reducing irrigation water consumption and optimizing irrigation rates and their quantity. The study of a differentiated irrigation regime is promising now and in the near future, taking into account the deteriorating water supply in the territory of our country, associated with a change in weather and climatic conditions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stănilă

In order to elucidate some aspects regarding the content of nutrients in the soil or humus, the bioaccumulation and mineralization process of organic matter and correction of the soils reaction in the experimental field, within the agricultural holding SC Orhideea SRL Plopsoru, Locality Daia, Giurgiu County, research has been done with chemical fertilizers with NPK and liming - Ca(OH)2 on argic chernozem in maize culture from the Burnas Plain in different doses.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production on argic chernozems is limited by a number of factors such as relief, clay loam, low-medium permeability just below the plowed horizon advanced degree of soil compaction, located between 20-35 cm from the surface (plow sole) and climatic conditions.


1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chijioke C. Onyebuchi

It is not enough simply to identify the limiting factors to agricultural production, supply the appropriate inputs and then expect to be able to meet food demands. It is essential also to protect the environment in which food is grown, especially in areas of fragile ecosystems and harsh climatic conditions, in order to ensure both increased production and stability of the production base. In the Nigerian savanna belt, traditional and mechanized large-scale farming systems are both practised, and they combine with unfavourable climatic conditions to exert a strong negative impact on the environment. Here, these interactions are examined and the case is made for incorporating fundamental ecological principles and concepts of sustainability into farming systems, in Nigeria and elsewhere.


Author(s):  
Ilyas Masudin ◽  
Bangalie Sumah ◽  
Fien Zulfikarijah ◽  
Dian Palupi Restuputri

This chapter examined how the use of technology in inventory control impacts organizational performance since inventory is the most valued asset of an organization. From the summary of this study, it can be concluded that the adoption of technology as RFID in inventory management leads to improve the organizational performance in both financial and customer responsiveness. In the business performance, RFID could improve the organizational performance in terms of reducing inventory carrying costs on the warehouse, such as lowering the expiring cost of the product stocked, increasing space in a warehouse, avoiding exceed inventory, and decreasing labor costs. Moreover, from the perspective of customer service, the adoption of RFID could increase customer responsiveness in terms of reducing stock out risk, increasing the accuracy of product delivery, and increasing the interaction between customers with the organization.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
Md Rakibul Islam ◽  
Md Jamil Hossain Biswas ◽  
Md Golam Rabbani Akanda ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Imam Mehedi Hasan ◽  
...  

Global climate change has triggered the increased incidence of extreme disasters like cyclone, flood, soil salinity, etc. in the coastal region of Bangladesh. In the recent past, an amplified number of fatalities happened and the greater impact also acted upon the attitude of coastal people. Badarpur Union under Patuakhali Sadar upazila of Patuakhali District was the selected locale of the concerned study. Data for this research work were personally collected from a randomly sampled 121 farmers from different villages of Badarpur union by using an interview schedule. Attitude of the farmers was ascertained through a five-point-Likert type scale. Co-efficient of correlation (r) was computed to explore the relationships between farmers? attitude and their selected characteristics. The findings revealed that 51.2 percent of the farmers had moderately favourable attitude towards climate change effect while 42.1 percent had slightly favourable and 6.6 percent had highly favourable attitude. The correlation test showed that the education, farming experience, farm size, annual income, training received and agricultural knowledge had positive significant relationships with farmers? attitude towards climate change effect on agriculture while the rest of the characteristics had no relationship in the present study. The focus findings of the present study were that, the attitude of the farmers is changing due to changes in the climatic conditions and there was a positive effect of it on agriculture.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(2): 367-379


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