ASSESSMENT OF ELEMENTS OF TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE OF UKRAINE IN COMPARISON WITH SOME EU COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Bohdana KOSHOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Tourist Infrastructure

The article considers the competitiveness of the elements of the tourist infrastructure of Ukraine in comparison with some countries of the European Union, which are the leaders in tourist revenues and flows in the analyzed region. An analysis of the dynamics of tourism development in neighbouring Poland, which in the 90’s was in similar to the domestic starting conditions. The study made it possible to clearly reflect the reasons for the low demand for the national tourism product. After all, the lag in the quality of hotel and restaurant services is not the main reason for low interest in the domestic tourism market. Morally and physically outdated material and technical base of social, informational, financial, transport and other types of infrastructure makes Ukraine less attractive in the eyes of domestic tourists. And the low level of knowledge of foreign languages, non-compliance with legal norms and rules at the national level makes grazing the country in general unattractive for the demanding foreign tourist. The modern tourist, being able to choose the directions and quality of rest in today’s conditions, will not want to travel to a region with many unknowns, where they will not guarantee him peace, comfort and safety. That is why it is so important to analyze the level of development of some elements of tourism infrastructure in developed EU countries (Germany and the Netherlands) to indicate the consequences of its radical restructuring to ensure economic growth at the national level, where neighbouring Poland was chosen. With its rich natural and recreational resources, Ukraine can rightfully become a world leader in green, rural, health, active, cognitive tourism, and the diversity of landscapes combined with the temperate climate makes its landscapes especially attractive to tourists from highly urbanized areas. more and more.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL INTEGRAL INDICATORS FOR EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN EU COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
N. Podolchak ◽  
◽  
M. Khim ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
National Level ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
General Description ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Integrated Indicators

This article examines the main generally accepted indicators for assessing certain aspects of public administration, which are used in international practice. The study of these indicators will provide a general description of the quality of the existing system of public administration and the effectiveness and efficiency of its operation, as well as reflect the existing features of socio-political life and economic policy implemented in the country by public (primarily and largely public) government and administration. The authors selected integrated indicators of public administration for 6 countries for the period from 2012 to 2019. A comparative analysis of these indicators was conducted using benchmarking tools in some EU countries. The results of the study will allow a comparative analysis of trends in performance and professional and personal development of civil servants in some EU countries, identify factors influencing these indicators and understand how they can be improved, find strategies and practices that helped achieve the highest efficiency, study the experience of others countries that have already made changes that are relevant to us today. This, in turn, will allow to focus on achieving a specific goal, which outlines the ways of development of public administration and its individual mechanisms, to constantly monitor the level of its achievement, highlight existing problems, suggest ways to solve them, reform management levels and improve the efficiency of the entire public administration system. At the same time, the evaluation of performance results allows to record deviations from the planned course and to introduce appropriate corrective measures. It is established that in most countries there are changes that are accompanied by: - freeing up more resources in poor countries in order to improve socio-economic development; - reducing corruption and increasing control; - increasing the responsibility of civil servants to meet the needs of citizens, which is a key element in achieving prosperity. - the use of ICT to improve the quality of public services. There is currently no single system of public administration in the European Union. Economic, social, political and cultural aspects of each country, as well as time requirements and challenges form its characteristics. However, some generally accepted rules and principles are the same for all. The use of foreign experience of public administration will accelerate the process of successful reform of the functioning system of public administration in Ukraine and accelerate the achievement of the level of European countries, to which Ukraine is equal in its development. It should also be emphasized that to date in Ukraine a fairly limited number of integrated indicators are used to assess the effectiveness of the civil service, and our country is not included in all international rankings. It is recommended to develop evaluation systems at the national level that take into account the main temporal and regional features. The problematic aspects mentioned in the article significantly depend on the external environment, so their solution is directly related to the prospect of developing democratic principles of civil service control in Ukraine, taking into account the state of democratic processes in the civil service and civil service relations with the public.

scholarly journals The Limits of Choice of Applicable Law under the European Union Regulation No. 864/2007 of 11 July 2007 “On the Law Applicabl to Non-Contractual Obligations”

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Кирилл Нам ◽  
Kirill Nam
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Eu Regulation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Law ◽  
Contractual Obligations ◽  
The Eu

The tendency toward unification of EU countries’ national legal orders is a natural and necessary part of integration processes within the European Union. However, due to the diversity and differences of legal systems and cultures in the European states, the question of establishing a complete uniformity of material legal norms, first of all, in the field of private law, seems to be the one of a remote future. In this regard, a milestone development has been the unification of EU countries’ legal norms of private international law concerning non-contractual obligations, i. e. the adoption and entry into force of the EU Regulation (Rome II). One of the main novelties introduced therein is the principle of parties’ autonomy according to which parties to a non-contractual obligation have the right to choose the law to be applied to their relationship. The author analyzes and systemizes the limits of such a choice contained in the EU Regulation (Rome II). Parties to non-contractual obligations through the choice of applicable law can build their relationships in a way that corresponds to their goals and wishes. However, at the same time they should carefully consider all limitations of their choice of law and possible legal implications of it which are contained in the EU Regulation (Rome II).

Improving the Quality of the Comply or Explain Approach and Introducing Self-Monitoring Through Online Feedbacks

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Mangano
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Corporate Governance Code ◽  
The Core ◽  
Comply Or Explain

Codes of corporate governance and comply or explain approach are always at the core of the European Union agenda. This paper will deal both with the evolution of codes of corporate governance across Europe, and with the 2014 Recommendation. The idea put forwards is that regulators, at both EU and national level, should mainly improve the environment where the comply or explain approach is applied and introduce a system of self-monitoring through online feedbacks only. Arguably, this proposal might offer Member States a light-touch way to comply with Art. 11 of the 2014 Recommendation laying down that “[i]n order to motivate companies to comply with the relevant corporate governance code or to better explain departures from it, efficient monitoring needs to be carried out at national level.”

scholarly journals A preliminary assessment of the Normative Framework regulating MAR schemes in Europe: the EU Directives and their Implementation in nine National Legislations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo E. Bonfanti ◽  
Francesca Capone
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
Eu Directives

The use of MAR schemes within the European Union is not a new phenomenon, on the contrary it dates back to the beginning of the XIX century. Despite being widely adopted and currently the object of extensive studies, this tool is not soundly regulated and so far very little research has been conducted on the normative framework regulating MAR at the regional and at the national level. This paper draws upon the findings of a Report which represents one of the deliverables identified by MARSOL, a EU FP7 project launched in December 2013 that aims at demonstrating that MAR shall be regarded as a viable approach to address the predicted water shortages over the long term. Through a survey which involved a number of national experts, the researchers involved in the drafting of the Report have collected relevant data concerning the national legal frameworks of nine EU countries that adopt MAR schemes. The results of the questionnaire have been processed using a qualitative and comparative approach and have been duly included in the legal analysis, which covers the implementation at the national level of the two EU Directives relevant for MAR Schemes, i.e. the Water Framework Directive and its “daughter”, the Groundwater Directive. This paper shall be considered as the outcome of a preliminary investigation which covered only a limited number of European countries, it is expected that the research will be carried out as to include a larger number of EU Member States (MSs), alongside the most relevant extra EU countries.

scholarly journals Is the European Union Making Progress on Energy Decarbonisation While Moving towards Sustainable Development?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3792
Author(s):  
Iwona Bąk ◽  
Anna Barwińska-Małajowicz ◽  
Grażyna Wolska ◽  
Paweł Walawender ◽  
Paweł Hydzik
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Trend Functions ◽  
Favourable Situation

Three-quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions come from burning fossil fuels for energy. To confront climate change, the world must move away from fossil fuels and decarbonise its energy systems. In the light of European Union documents, decarbonisation signifies the elimination of CO2 emissions on account of their harmfulness to the environment. The European Union is planning that by 2030, these emissions will be 40% lower in comparison to 1990. A fundamental query arises here: do the achievements of EU countries give cause for optimism in this regard? The aim of the study is an attempt to determine the tendency of changes concerning energy decarbonisation as well as to distinguish typological groups of bodies (EU countries) with similar dynamics in the researched phenomenon. Trend functions and the distance matrices of the growth rate of the researched phenomenon were used for the dynamic classification. The conducted research confirmed that EU countries indicate spatial differentiation in terms of CO2 emissions. It is related to the general socio-economic development of countries, their level of industrialisation, the quality of their natural environment, their degree of urbanisation, etc. The most favourable situation, in terms of the analysed phenomenon, i.e., the largest average decrease in CO2 per capita in the analysed period, was characteristic of Ireland, Greece, and Cyprus. On the other hand, an adverse situation relating to an increase in the indicator occurred in five EU countries, specifically in Luxembourg and Lithuania.

scholarly journals The Quality of Entrepreneurial Activity and Economic Competitiveness in European Union Countries: A Panel Data Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Rusu ◽  
Dornean
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Economic Competitiveness ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

To increase competitiveness, a country has to outperform its competitors in terms of research and innovation, entrepreneurship, competition, and education. In this paper, we aim to test the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurial activity and the economic competitiveness for the European Union countries by using panel data estimation techniques. Our research considers a sample of 28 EU countries over the period 2011–2017. For the empirical investigation we apply panel data regression models. The results obtained show that business, macroeconomic environment and the quality of entrepreneurship are significant determinants of economic competitiveness of EU countries. Thus, we identify significant positive relations between innovation rate, inflation rate, FDI and economic competitiveness, and significant negative relations between expectations regarding job creation, tax rate, costs and competitiveness. Our study completes the literature by analyzing the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurship and the competitiveness of countries, for an extensive sample formed by all the 28 countries members of the European Union for a period of seven recent years.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Salgın Sürecinde AB Ülkelerindeki Yaşam Kalitesinin Çok Kriterli Karar Verme ile Değerlendirilmesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
pp. 158-180
Author(s):  
Nazlı SEYHAN ◽  
Burak SEYHAN
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
News Media ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Entropy Method ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
International Comparative

It is seen that the COVID-19 epidemic, which emerged in December 2019, affects living and working conditions all over the world. In this epidemic, preventive measures taken by countries to prevent the rapid spread of the virus caused changes in people's daily lives, as well as making it difficult for them to provide the minimum economic conditions necessary for their survival. In the European Union, which is one of the largest economic and political unions, it has been observed that the negative effects of the COVID-19 epidemic have reached serious dimensions. On the other hand, with the help of quality of life indicators, it is possible to evaluate the level of quality of life of individuals, groups or countries and to make international comparative analyzes by setting targets to increase this level. In this study, the data that can be accessed on the basis of all countries were included in the research in order to make a comparative analysis for all EU Countries. Variables handled within the scope of the study are life satisfaction, interest-loan-debt deferral, job security, news media, number of households having difficulties in living, decrease in employment, trust in government, trust in the EU and vaccination rate. In the study, evaluation was made by using ARAS and TOPSIS methods, which are among the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods, and the Entropy method was used to determine the criterion weights. 27 EU countries were ranked according to the criteria determined in the application part of the study. The study is important in terms of simultaneous evaluation of the mentioned variables from a holistic perspective using MCDM methods.

scholarly journals Areas of Concern of the Tourism Activities Implementation

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Valentyna Boiko ◽  
Alina Myroshnychenko ◽  
Anna Kolodiazhna
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
International Standards ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Tourism Management ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Local Levels

Current condition, problems and prospects for the domestic tourism industry development are studied. The main aspects hindering the tourism industry development in the country are considered and require further solutions. The current normative legal acts regulating issues in the field of tourism are considered and the attention is focused on the lack of correlation between the normative regulation of the branch and the share of revenues from the provision of tourist services in the country's GDP. It is determined that further reorganization and development of tourism in our country is not possible without the active support and direct intervention of the state. The authors proposed the measures, the implementation of which will help harmonize national standards in the field of tourism and resorts with international standards and help improve the quality of the national tourism product. It is proved that the development of the tourism industry directly depends not only on strengthening state regulation of tourism at the national level, but also at the regional level, especially since the tourism management system at the regional and local levels in decentralization in Ukraine is far from perfect. Emphasis is placed on the need to implement EU legislation in the field of tourism and resorts, which contributes to the improvement of tourism legislation and developed recommendations for the implementation of mechanisms for tourism development in the country.

scholarly journals Preliminary analysis of odor legal solutions and study on their implementation possibilities in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 01034
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Leszek Karski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
National System ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Odor Emission

The problem of odor nuisance requires undertaking legal means that aim towards implementation of regulations in order to improve the odor-related quality of air in selected areas in Poland. So far the works carried out in the country were concluded by drawing up ‘The guidelines for the bill on counteracting the odor nuisance’. However, as a result of completed social consultations in Poland, the Ministry of Environment, in 2015, resigned from implementing of so called anti-odor act. Currently, the legislature is taking steps which aim at undertaking specific actions in order to introduce solutions, which would directly regulate the issues of odors and the odor nuisance, to the national system. In the countries of the European Union, the issues related to odors are solved in diversified ways and the system still lacks of a uniform proposition, among others related to odor standards. In connection with the above, actions that are taken on a national level should fundamentally aim at developing national odor standards which would take into account the type / the kind of economic activity being a source of odor emission (e.g. clearly separated for existing objects and planned investments), at establishing a procedure and also legal and operational requirements related to determination and the types of zones with defined values of acceptable concentration and determination of reference methodology in monitoring, and modeling the dispersion of odors e.g. including strictly defined frequency of necessary tests. In addition, the process should be accompanied by a creation of financial mechanisms and streams in range of investments related to the development of technology and methods used to limit emission of odors.

scholarly journals The dimensions of fiscal governance as the cornerstone of public finance sustainability: A general framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Giosi ◽  
Silvia Testarmata ◽  
Sandro Brunelli ◽  
Bianca Staglianò
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
General Framework ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Recently many European countries have incurred crises in public finance despite the fact that EU institutions have pushed the national governments toward the sustainability of public finance with compulsory and voluntary rules regarding fiscal governance. This paper investigates the relations between the quality of fiscal governance and the financial virtuosity of national fiscal policy. We proposed a general framework for analyzing the fiscal governance issue and we empirically tested the correlation between the dimensions of fiscal governance and the budgetary performance of EU countries. The results showed a positive correlation between the quality of fiscal governance in the EU countries and financial surplus in the period concerned. However further investigations are needed and an effort should be made to collect uniform data on fiscal governance in the European Union.

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