scholarly journals Clustering is the process of dividing a population or set of data points into multiple groups so that data points in one group are more comparable to data points in other groups. To put it another way, the idea is to sort groups into clusters based on common traits.

Twejer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-64
Author(s):  
Qais Kakl Tawfiq ◽  
◽  
Chia Ali Mustafa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Points ◽  
Multiple Groups

تویژینه‌وه‌كه‌ له ‌ئاستی تیۆریدا، هه‌وڵێكه‌ بۆ ناساندنی ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتار له‌ ئاسته‌كانی (به‌رهه‌مهێنان و شیكردنه‌وه‌ی) گوتار، په‌یوه‌ست به‌ (ستراتیژیه‌تی زمان و كۆزانیاریی زمانی). پاشان به‌ دیارخستی ڕۆڵ و ئه‌ركی كه‌ره‌سته‌ زمانییه‌كان‌‌ له‌ داڕشتنی ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتاردا. له‌گه‌ڵ ناساندن و ڕۆڵی (به‌ڵگه‌ی زمانی و بورهانی زمانی) له‌ پڕۆسه‌ی ڕازیكردنی وه‌رگردا. بۆ ئه‌م مه‌به‌سته‌ ئایدۆلۆجیای (نه‌ته‌وه‌یی و ئاینی) له‌ گوتاری سیاسی كوردی له‌ پڕۆسه‌ی هه‌ڵبژاردندا به‌ بنه‌ما وه‌رگیراوه‌. توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌، ‌بێجگه‌ له‌ پێشه‌كی ئه‌نجام، له‌ دوو به‌ش پێكدێت. به‌شی یه‌كه‌م: به‌شی تیۆریی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌یه‌، سه‌ره‌تا ناساندنی گوتاره‌ له‌ ئاستی زماندا، دواتر ناساندنی تیۆری ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتار و دیاریكردنی ڕه‌گه‌زه‌كانی ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتاره‌، پاشان په‌یوه‌ندی ستراتیژیه‌تی گوتار به‌ ئاسته‌كانی زمان خراوه‌ته‌ڕوو. له‌ دواییدا باس له‌ به‌ڵگه‌ی گوتار و شێوازی به‌ڵگه‌ له‌ گوتاردا كراوه‌. به‌شی دووه‌م: به‌شی كاره‌كیی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌یه‌، گوتاری قه‌واره‌ سیاسییه‌كان شیكاركراون و جۆری ستراتیژیه‌تی به‌كارهاتوو و به‌ڵگه‌ی زمانی په‌یوه‌ست به‌ جۆری ستراتیژیییەكه‌ له‌ خشته‌یه‌كدا دیاریكراوه‌. دوای خستنه‌ڕوو و گفتوگۆی داتاكان، ئه‌نجام و لیستی سه‌رچاوه‌كان و پوخته‌ی توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ به‌ هه‌ردوو زمانی عه‌ره‌بی و ئینگلیزی نووسراوه‌، له‌ كۆتاییشدا نموونه‌ی گوتاری قه‌واره ‌سیاسییه‌كان دانراوه‌.

point-Analysis Using the Extrapolation Method in the Analytical Electron microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-431
Author(s):  
Zenji Horita ◽  
Ryuzo Nishimachi ◽  
Takeshi Sano ◽  
Minoru Nemoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Extrapolation Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Correction ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscope ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Identical Composition ◽  
X Ray Absorption

Absorption correction is often required in quantitative x-ray microanalysis of thin specimens using the analytical electron microscope. For such correction, it is convenient to use the extrapolation method[l] because the thickness, density and mass absorption coefficient are not necessary in the method. The characteristic x-ray intensities measured for the analysis are only requirement for the absorption correction. However, to achieve extrapolation, it is imperative to obtain data points more than two at different thicknesses in the identical composition. Thus, the method encounters difficulty in analyzing a region equivalent to beam size or the specimen with uniform thickness. The purpose of this study is to modify the method so that extrapolation becomes feasible in such limited conditions. Applicability of the new form is examined by using a standard sample and then it is applied to quantification of phases in a Ni-Al-W ternary alloy.The earlier equation for the extrapolation method was formulated based on the facts that the magnitude of x-ray absorption increases with increasing thickness and that the intensity of a characteristic x-ray exhibiting negligible absorption in the specimen is used as a measure of thickness.

Determination of the International Sensitivity Index of a New Near-Patient Testing Device to Monitor Oral Anticoagulant Therapy

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (02) ◽  
pp. 855-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armando Tripodi ◽  
Veena Chantarangkul ◽  
Marigrazia Clerici ◽  
Barbara Negri ◽  
Pier Mannuccio Mannucci
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Calibration Model ◽  
Testing Device ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Near Patient Testing

SummaryA key issue for the reliable use of new devices for the laboratory control of oral anticoagulant therapy with the INR is their conformity to the calibration model. In the past, their adequacy has mostly been assessed empirically without reference to the calibration model and the use of International Reference Preparations (IRP) for thromboplastin. In this study we reviewed the requirements to be fulfilled and applied them to the calibration of a new near-patient testing device (TAS, Cardiovascular Diagnostics) which uses thromboplastin-containing test cards for determination of the INR. On each of 10 working days citrat- ed whole blood and plasma samples were obtained from 2 healthy subjects and 6 patients on oral anticoagulants. PT testing on whole blood and plasma was done with the TAS and parallel testing for plasma by the manual technique with the IRP CRM 149S. Conformity to the calibration model was judged satisfactory if the following requirements were met: (i) there was a linear relationship between paired log-PTs (TAS vs CRM 149S); (ii) the regression line drawn through patients data points, passed through those of normals; (iii) the precision of the calibration expressed as the CV of the slope was <3%. A good linear relationship was observed for calibration plots for plasma and whole blood (r = 0.98). Regression lines drawn through patients data points, passed through those of normals. The CVs of the slope were in both cases 2.2% and the ISIs were 0.965 and 1.000 for whole blood and plasma. In conclusion, our study shows that near-patient testing devices can be considered reliable tools to measure INR in patients on oral anticoagulants and provides guidelines for their evaluation.

A Survey on Internet of Things : Applications and Layered Wise Security Issues

2019 ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Uppuluri Sirisha ◽  
G. Lakshme Eswari
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Data Points

This paper briefly introduces Internet of Things(IOT) as a intellectual connectivity among the physical objects or devices which are gaining massive increase in the fields like efficiency, quality of life and business growth. IOT is a global network which is interconnecting around 46 million smart meters in U.S. alone with 1.1 billion data points per day[1]. The total installation base of IOT connecting devices would increase to 75.44 billion globally by 2025 with a increase in growth in business, productivity, government efficiency, lifestyle, etc., This paper familiarizes the serious concern such as effective security and privacy to ensure exact and accurate confidentiality, integrity, authentication access control among the devices.

Large-sample confidence intervals of information-theoretic measures in linguistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-54
Author(s):  
Ryan Ka Yau Lai ◽  
Youngah Do
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Delta Method ◽  
Confidence Bounds ◽  
Likelihood Estimator ◽  
Information Theoretic ◽  
Leibler Divergence ◽  
Information Theoretic Measures ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Measure Of Uncertainty

This article explores a method of creating confidence bounds for information-theoretic measures in linguistics, such as entropy, Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD), and mutual information. We show that a useful measure of uncertainty can be derived from simple statistical principles, namely the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and the delta method. Three case studies from phonology and corpus linguistics are used to demonstrate how to apply it and examine its robustness against common violations of its assumptions in linguistics, such as insufficient sample size and non-independence of data points.

A Note on Patterns of Wear Within the Tread Area

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
F. C. Brenner ◽  
A. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Groove Depth ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Periodic Behavior ◽  
Harmonic Content ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Data Points

Abstract Tread wear data are frequently fitted by a straight line having average groove depth as the ordinate and mileage as the abscissa. The authors have observed that the data points are not randomly scattered about the line but exist in runs of six or seven points above the line followed by the same number below the line. Attempts to correlate these cyclic deviations with climatic data failed. Harmonic content analysis of the data for each individual groove showed strong periodic behavior. Groove 1, a shoulder groove, had two important frequencies at 40 960 and 20 480 km (25 600 and 12 800 miles); Grooves 2 and 3, the inside grooves, had important frequencies at 10 240, 13 760, and 20 480 km (6400, 8600, and 12 800 miles), with Groove 4 being similar. A hypothesis is offered as a possible explanation for the phenomenon.

Improved Macro-clusters generation using Top-k shared Micro-clusters in Data Streams

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
LAKSHMI PRANEETHA
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Data Streams ◽  
Bloom Filter ◽  
Scientific Applications ◽  
Pruning Algorithm ◽  
Density Data ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Information Streams

Now-a-days data streams or information streams are gigantic and quick changing. The usage of information streams can fluctuate from basic logical, scientific applications to vital business and money related ones. The useful information is abstracted from the stream and represented in the form of micro-clusters in the online phase. In offline phase micro-clusters are merged to form the macro clusters. DBSTREAM technique captures the density between micro-clusters by means of a shared density graph in the online phase. The density data in this graph is then used in reclustering for improving the formation of clusters but DBSTREAM takes more time in handling the corrupted data points In this paper an early pruning algorithm is used before pre-processing of information and a bloom filter is used for recognizing the corrupted information. Our experiments on real time datasets shows that using this approach improves the efficiency of macro-clusters by 90% and increases the generation of more number of micro-clusters within in a short time.

Cytomorphometric characteristics of imprints of the contact area between the gingiva and the dental implant after one-step implantation

2017 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
А.С. Рыбалко ◽  
А.С. Григорьян ◽  
А.А. Орлов
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implants ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Dental Implantation ◽  
Data Points ◽  
One Step ◽  
Cytological Method ◽  
Clinical Pictures

Цель исследования состояла в разработке неинвазивного метода диагностики состояния тканей периимплантационной зоны после постановки дентальных имплантатов, а также прогноза течения послеоперационного периода и ранней диагностики послеоперационных осложнений, таких, как мукозит и периимплантит, при одноэтапном методе дентальной имплантации. Методы. В исследовании представлена цитологическая характеристика отпечатков из области контакта имплантата с десной, в которых оценивали состояние эпителиальных клеток при различных проявлениях цитопатологии. Определяли индекс деструкции (ИД) и воспалительно-деструктивный индекс (ВДИ) в клетках воспалительного инфильтрата, которые сопоставляли с клинической картиной течения послеоперационного периода. Сроки забора цитологического материала 1, 5, 15, 25, 30, 60, 120 дней после постановки имплантатов. Количество исследованных цитограмм - 442 от 11 пациентов (по 1-2 имплантата). Общий массив использованных для вычисления интегральных показателей составил »2550. Результаты. Было установлено, что в сроки 1-5 дней после постановки дентальных имплантатов происходит резкое повышение показателей ИД (до 7500 ± 15) и ВДИ (до 80 ± 20), что отражает процесс развития в области имплантатов острых воспалительных реакций. В отдаленные сроки наблюдений отмечалось 2 варианта развития событий. Первый из них характеризовался сохранением во все сроки высоких показателей ИД и ВДИ. Для второго варианта динамики показателей было характерно их падение, что соответствовало развитию процесса остеоинтеграции дентальных имплантатов. The objectives of the investigation were to develop protocols evaluating the validity and effectiveness of the cytological method for diagnosis and prognosis of tissue conditions adjacent to a dental implant. Methods. This study examined the cytological characteristics of imprints of the gingiva-implant contact area, a. the correlation of quantitative ratios of epithelial cells either with or without hystopathological manifestations (an index of destruction, ID); b. ratio of cells of the inflammatory infiltrate (an inflammatory and destructive index, IDI); these data were researched in relation with dynamics of the clinical pictures during a postoperative period.The cytological material was obtained 1, 5, 15, 25, 30, 60, 120 days after dental implantation. Totally 442 cytogramme from 11 patients (1-2 implant per a patient) were assayed. The data array for computation of integrated indicators was composed of ca. 2550 data points. Results. A significant increase of ID (7500 ± 15) and IDI (80 ± 20) indicators, which reflects the development of acute inflammatory reactions in tissues neighboring an implant, was observed within 1-5 days following the insertion of dental implants. Long-term observations revealed two scenarios. The first scenario was characterized by the retention of high levels of ID and IDI over the period of observations. The second scenario featured the reduction of ID and IDI indices, which corresponded to the development of the osseointegration of dental implants.

A Comparison of Scaling Methods to Obtain Calibrated Probabilities of Activity for Ligand-Target Predictions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Mervin ◽  
Avid M. Afzal ◽  
Ola Engkvist ◽  
Andreas Bender
Keyword(s):  
Target Prediction ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Machine Learning Method ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Protein Target ◽  
Bioactivity Prediction ◽  
Vector Machines ◽  
Scaling Methods ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Compound Target

In the context of bioactivity prediction, the question of how to calibrate a score produced by a machine learning method into reliable probability of binding to a protein target is not yet satisfactorily addressed. In this study, we compared the performance of three such methods, namely Platt Scaling, Isotonic Regression and Venn-ABERS in calibrating prediction scores for ligand-target prediction comprising the Naïve Bayes, Support Vector Machines and Random Forest algorithms with bioactivity data available at AstraZeneca (40 million data points (compound-target pairs) across 2112 targets). Performance was assessed using Stratified Shuffle Split (SSS) and Leave 20% of Scaffolds Out (L20SO) validation.

Identifying Physico-Chemical Laws from the Robotically Collected Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwei Cao ◽  
Danilo Russo ◽  
Vassilios S. Vassiliadis ◽  
Alexei Lapkin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

<p>A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation for symbolic regression was proposed to identify physical models from noisy experimental data. The formulation was tested using numerical models and was found to be more efficient than the previous literature example with respect to the number of predictor variables and training data points. The globally optimal search was extended to identify physical models and to cope with noise in the experimental data predictor variable. The methodology was coupled with the collection of experimental data in an automated fashion, and was proven to be successful in identifying the correct physical models describing the relationship between the shear stress and shear rate for both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, and simple kinetic laws of reactions. Future work will focus on addressing the limitations of the formulation presented in this work, by extending it to be able to address larger complex physical models.</p><p><br></p>

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