Interioritas Ruang Gerak Membaca Literatur Fiksi Ergodik House Of Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Coriesta Dian Sulistiani ◽  
Hanifah Azzahra
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
House Of Leaves ◽  
Multiple Paths ◽  
Ergodic Literature

Ergodic fiction literature is different from other fiction literature. Ergodic literature elements determine the space of the reader. It affects the reader to move that is not limited to the hand and eye movements, but also spatial movements of other limbs. This paper discusses the interiority that occurs behind the body space of readers of ergodic fiction literature. Through a qualitative analysis of the mapping of body space in reading the ergodic literature of Mark Z Danielewski’s House of Leaves (2000), the result shows that elements of ergodic fiction such as narration, nodes, options, multiple paths, and peritext are part of the interiority of space.

The vestibuloocular reflex of the adult flatfish. I. Oculomotor organization

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 887-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Graf ◽  
R. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Vertical Plane ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medial Rectus ◽  
Inferior Rectus ◽  
Abducens Nucleus ◽  
Eye Muscles

The flatfish species constitute a natural paradigm for investigating adaptive changes in the vertebrate central nervous system. During metamorphosis all species of flatfish experience a 90 degree change in orientation between their vestibular and extraocular coordinate axes. As a result, the optic axes of both eyes maintain their orientation with respect to earth horizontal, but the horizontal semicircular canals become oriented vertically. Since the flatfish propels its body with the same swimming movements when referenced to the body as a normal fish, the horizontal canals are exposed to identical accelerations, but in the flatfish these accelerations occur in a vertical plane. The appropriate compensatory eye movements are simultaneous rotations of both eyes forward or backward (i.e., parallel), in contrast to the symmetric eye movements in upright fish (i.e., one eye moves forward, the other backward). Therefore, changes in the extraocular muscle arrangement and/or the neuronal connectivity are required. This study describes the peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the adult winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus. At the level of the peripheral oculomotor apparatus, the sizes of the horizontal extraocular muscles (lateral and medial rectus) were considerably smaller than those of the vertical eye muscles, as quantified by fiber counts and area measurements of cross sections of individual muscles. However, the spatial orientations and the kinematic characteristics of all six extraocular muscles were not different from those described in comparable lateral-eyed animals. There were no detectable asymmetries between the left and the right eye. Central oculomotor organization was investigated by extracellular horseradish peroxidase injections into individual eye muscles. Commonly described distributions of extraocular motor neurons in the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nuclei were found. These motor neuron pools consisted of two contralateral (superior rectus and superior oblique) and four ipsilateral populations (inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus). The labeled cells formed distinct motor neuron populations, which overlapped little. As expected, the numbers of labeled motoneurons differed in horizontal and vertical eye movers. The numerical difference was especially prominent in comparing the abducens nucleus with one of the vertical recti subdivisions. Nevertheless, there was bilateral symmetry between the motoneurons projecting to the left and right eyes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Vestibuloocular Reflex Dynamics During High-Frequency and High-Acceleration Rotations of the Head on Body in Rhesus Monkey

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Huterer ◽  
Kathleen E. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Head Motion ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Vestibuloocular Reflex ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Passive Rotation

For frequencies >10 Hz, the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) has been primarily investigated during passive rotations of the head on the body in humans. These prior studies suggest that eye movements lag head movements, as predicted by a 7-ms delay in the VOR reflex pathways. However, Minor and colleagues recently applied whole-body rotations of frequencies ≤15 Hz in monkeys and found that eye movements were nearly in phase with head motion across all frequencies. The goal of the present study was to determine whether VOR response dynamics actually differ significantly for whole-body versus head-on-body rotations. To address this question, we evaluated the gain and phase of the VOR induced by high-frequency oscillations of the head on the body in monkeys by directly measuring both head and eye movements using the magnetic search coil technique. A torque motor was used to rotate the heads of three Rhesus monkeys over the frequency range 5–25 Hz. Peak head velocity was held constant, first at ±50°/s and then ±100°/s. The VOR was found to be essentially compensatory across all frequencies; gains were near unity (1.1 at 5 Hz vs. 1.2 at 25 Hz), and phase lag increased only slightly with frequency (from 2° at 5 Hz to 11° at 25 Hz, a marked contrast to the 63° lag at 25 Hz predicted by a 7-ms VOR latency). Furthermore, VOR response dynamics were comparable in darkness and when viewing a target and did not vary with peak velocity. Although monkeys offered less resistance to the initial cycles of applied head motion, the gain and phase of the VOR did not vary for early versus late cycles, suggesting that an efference copy of the motor command to the neck musculature did not alter VOR response dynamics. In addition, VOR dynamics were also probed by applying transient head perturbations with much greater accelerations (peak acceleration >15,000°/s2) than have been previously employed. The VOR latency was between 5 and 6 ms, and mean gain was close to unity for two of the three animals tested. A simple linear model well described the VOR responses elicited by sinusoidal and transient head on body rotations. We conclude that the VOR is compensatory over a wide frequency range in monkeys and has similar response dynamics during passive rotation of the head on body as during passive rotation of the whole body in space.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DESAIN ILUSTRASI KEMASAN BERAS ECOKO GREEN PROJECT MELALUI KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
I Putu Adi Natha
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Visual Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Semiotic Theory

Tulisan ini dibuat guna memahami tanda makna komunikasi visual yang terdapat pada ilustrasi kemasanberas dari Ecoko Green Project,serta pesan komunikasi visual yang terkandung pada ilustrasi pada kemasan beras tersebut.Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara observasi dengan datang ke studio Oka Astawa dan mendapatkan foto-foto mengenai kemasan beras yang berisi karya dari Oka Astawa. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif dari teori semiotika Charles Sanders Pierce ikon, indeks, dan simbol. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa 1.) Ikon pada ilustrasi kemasan beras Ecoko Green Projectadalah penggambaran petani itu sendiri karena memiliki kemiripan dengan bentuk aslinya yaitu penggambaran seorang petani. 2.) Indeks pada ilustrasi kemasan beras tersebut adalah penggambaran gedung dan jalan pada tubuh petani pertama, serta dolar dan padi yang tidak seimbang pada ilustrasi kedua merupakan penggambaran sebab akibat. 3.) Simbol pada ilustrasi kemasan beras tersebut adalah caping(topi petani) serta padi pada ilustrasi kemasan beras yang pertama dan kedua merupakan simbol dari pertanian itu sendiri, dan pada ilustrasi kemasan kedua ada dua simbol tambahan yaitu dolar dan dasi berbentuk ular, dimana kedua simbol tersebut menggabarkan petani ditindas oleh uang dan penguasa.This paper is made to learn the meaning sign of the visual communication that contained in the illustration of rice packaging from the Ecoko Green Project, as well as the visual communication message in that illustration on the rice packaging. The collected data in this study was carried out with observation by coming to the Oka Astawa studio and getting photos of rice packaging containing the works of Oka Astawa. The collected data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis and Charles Sanders Pierce's semiotic theory of icons, indexes, and symbols. The results of these studies indicate that 1.) The icon in the Ecoko Green Project rice packaging illustration is a description of the farmer itself because it has a similarity to the original form, which is the description of a farmer. 2.) The index in the illustration of rice packaging is the depiction of buildings and roads in the body of the first farmer, then the dollar and rice that is not balanced in the second illustration are depictions of cause and effect. 3.) The symbol in the illustration of the rice packaging is the caping (farmers' hat) and the rice in the first and second illustration of the rice packaging is a symbol of the agriculture itself, and in the second packaging illustration there are two additional symbols, the dollar and a snake-shaped tie, where both of the symbols described that the farmers being oppressed by money and the authority.

scholarly journals A rare case of Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome with bruise and mellitus diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 032-034
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar M ◽  
Akshitha Rani Siby ◽  
Khayati Moudgil
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Poor Vision ◽  
Brown Hair ◽  
Hermansky Pudlak Syndrome ◽  
Blue Eyes

Albinism is a hereditary disorder that causes decreased pigmentation (coloring) in the body. As a consequence, albinism individuals are mostly fair-skinned with light hair known as oculocutaneous albinism. Skin, hair and color of the eye may vary, however, as some people with albinism may have dark brown hair and green or hazel / blue eyes. In both cases, poor vision and varying degrees of nystagmus (uncontrolled side-to-side eye movements) are observed. Everyone with HPS has albinism but not all people with albinism have HPS. We recorded a case with multiple comorbidities of a 37-year-old female patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) here

scholarly journals Knowledge and perceptions about the reproductive system by pregnants: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ingridy Kammers ◽  
Fabiana Sperandio ◽  
Cinara Sacomori ◽  
Gessica Moreira ◽  
Fernando Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Pelvic Floor ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
In Pregnancy ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

  Background: To know pregnant’s perceptions and a critical basis attributed to the body from the perspective of the reproductive system. Methods: This is a qualitative study. We used a semi-structured questionnaire with socioeconomic and gynecological-obstetric information, an A4 sheet for graphical representation of the reproductive system and pelvic floor and an interview, questioning the meanings of the reproductive system in the pregnancy context. Then, a qualitative analysis of the interviews was produced. Results: Five categories were identified: recognition began in adolescence, health-disease relationship, process of being pregnant, insight into sexuality, and lack of recognition of its importance in pregnancy. Conclusion: This perception had different meanings and roles in adolescence, changing with pregnancy, becoming a cradle of affection through self-care.

Lateral Body Sensitivity and Lateral Eye-Movements

1974 ◽  
Vol 38 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1293-1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwight Hines ◽  
Colin Martindale ◽  
Sharon Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Eye ◽  
Lateral Body ◽  
Paper And Pencil ◽  
Reflective Questions ◽  
The Relationship

An experiment was performed to assess the relationship between lateral body sensitivity and lateral eye-movements elicited by reflective questions. The latter correlated with a paper-and-pencil measure of lateral body sensitivity in the first part of the experiment. In the second part, induced heightened awareness of one side of the body was associated with more eye-movements toward that side.

ORIENTATION IN SPACE, VESTIBULAR FUNCTION AND OCULAR TRACKING IN THE CHANGED GRAVITATIONAL ENVIRONMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
L.N. Kornilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Spatial Perception ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fixational Eye Movements ◽  
Ocular Tracking ◽  
The Impact

The paper reports results of the author's sensorimotor physiology studies made under the guidance of I.B.Kozlovskaya. The vestibular function and ocular tracking tests were performed by more than 100 cosmonauts prior to and after long-term missions to the Mir and International space station. Fifty two of them implemented these tests between mission days 129 to 215. We studies orientation illusions, spontaneous eye movements, static vestibulo-ocular response to head turns (static otolith-cervical reflex), dynamic vestibulo-ocular reactions to the head roll about the body axis, precision of fixational eye movements, and smooth tracking. Results of testing in the real changed gravity were compared with the data from 7 to 21-day simulation studies in horizontal dry immersion. The tests revealed 4 forms of vestibular disorders characterized by disturbances of spatial perception, orientation illusions, inversions of vection illusions, weakening of static and strengthening of dynamic vestibulo-ocular reactions, a new visual tracking strategy termed a saccadic approximation, that is the gaze approaches or tracks a target using a series of saccadic movements. In addition, the tests made it possible to specify the impact of afferentation deficit (sensory deprivation) on accuracy of ocular and ocular-manual tracking and validate additional sensory stimulation as a method to counteract the effects of sensory deprivation in real and simulated microgravity.

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