scholarly journals EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN OSTEOARTRITIS DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RSUD DR. M. ASHARI PEMALANG PERIODE MARET-APRIL 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Fithri Zahara S ◽  
Ebta Narasukma A ◽  
Maria Caecilia N.S.H
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Keywords Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint illness characterized by cartilage destruction and often found on older people. The drugs commonly used to treat OA symptoms is paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), food supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin. The purposes of these studies are identifying the OA patient's characteristics (including gender and age), drug use evaluation based on the right patient, indication, and dose, as well as the potency of drug interactions on OA patients. This research is non-experimental research with a non-analytical descriptive design. The data was collected retrospectively with a purposive sampling method from outpatients OA medical records in RSUD Dr. M. Ashari Pemalang (March to April 2018 period). The results of this study indicate that patients have suffered OA for 1-2 years (40%), generally women (72.94%) with an age range of 46-55 years (39%). Most patients have an elementary school educational background (41%), and 43.53% of them are overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99). All medicines prescribed for OA patient therapy have been the right indication and patient. As many as 80.95% of the prescribed medicines had the right dose, and 19.05% of prescription drugs case categorized as underdosing. Drug interactions potency occurs in 30.58% of patients, with 29 cases. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, drugs use evaluation, outpatient

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN OBAT PADA PASIEN OSTEOARTRITIS DI INSTALASI RAWAT JALAN RSUD DR. M. ASHARI PEMALANG PERIODE MARET-APRIL 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Fithri Zahara S. ◽  
Ebta Narasukma A. ◽  
Maria Caecilia N.S.H
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Cartilage Destruction ◽  
Keywords Osteoarthritis ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint illness characterized by cartilage destruction and often found on older people. The drugs commonly used to treat OA symptoms is paracetamol, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), food supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin. The purposes of these studies are identifying the OA patient's characteristics (including gender and age), drug use evaluation based on the right patient, indication, and dose, as well as the potency of drug interactions on OA patients. This research is non-experimental research with a non-analytical descriptive design. The data was collected retrospectively with a purposive sampling method from outpatients OA medical records in RSUD Dr. M. Ashari Pemalang (March to April 2018 period). The results of this study indicate that patients have suffered OA for 1-2 years (40%), generally women (72.94%) with an age range of 46-55 years (39%). Most patients have an elementary school educational background (41%), and 43.53% of them are overweight (BMI 25.00-29.99). All medicines prescribed for OA patient therapy have been the right indication and patient. As many as 80.95% of the prescribed medicines had the right dose, and 19.05% of prescription drugs case categorized as underdosing. Drug interactions potency occurs in 30.58% of patients, with 29 cases. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, drugs use evaluation, outpatient

scholarly journals Personalizing protein-drug interactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1811-1820
Author(s):  
Natasha Beeton-Kempen ◽  
Aubrey Shoko ◽  
Jonathan Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Protein Drug ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The development of new drugs today is a hugely expensive process, with estimated costs of up to $1 billion to take a drug through to market. However, despite this seemingly massive expenditure, statistics show that the great majority of prescription drugs on the market today are only effective for around 40 % of the patients to whom they are administered. Worse still, recently there have been a series of high-profile instances where potentially block-busting FDA-approved drugs have subsequently been withdrawn due to unanticipated side effects that were only revealed when the drug entered use in the general population. A variety of factors are at play in underpinning such statistics, but at the heart of the problem is the fact that, despite the extensive knowledge being generated in the postgenomic era about the genetic differences between individuals, Western medicine still today largely ignores such differences. The hope therefore is that by gaining a greater understanding of the individual nature of disease progression and of drug response, we might move toward a new era of personalized medicine in which the right drug is prescribed at the right dose to treat the precise disease afflicting the specific patient. As a step along this road, this review will discuss new approaches in the pharmacogenomics field to understanding in a quantitative manner the molecular consequence of polymorphic variation and mutation, both on encoded protein function and on protein-drug interactions.

scholarly journals The Role of Locus of Control in Pro Environmental Attitude and Behavior of Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-272
Author(s):  
Lubna Nazneen ◽  
Madiha Asghar
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Age Range

The purpose of the present study was to find out the role of locus of control in pro environmental attitude and behavior of youth. Sample of the study consisted of six hundred and ninety-two (N= 692) male and female adolescents, with age range 18-25 years and educational background of Intermediate, BS and Masters, from Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A self-constructed environmental attitude questionnaire, and a locus of control scale, was administered to the subjects selected through convenient sampling method. According to results moderate locus of control was found to be significant predictor of environment friendly attitude in youth. This research will help to focus on the ways to create awareness in youth by arranging workshops and recognizing people with moderate locus of control can help in a better way to promote environmental friendly attitude and behavior. Limitations of the study as well as implications for future research and practice were also discussed.

A Review: Effects of Macrolides on CYP450 Enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 928-937
Author(s):  
Liyun Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqing Xu ◽  
Sara Badawy ◽  
Awais Ihsan ◽  
Zhenli Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotic ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Macrolide Antibiotics ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Animal Origin Food ◽  
Endogenous Substances ◽  
Exogenous Substances

: As a kind of haemoglobin, cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450) participate in the metabolism of many substances, including endogenous substances, exogenous substances and drugs. It is estimated that 60% of common prescription drugs require bioconversion through CYP450. The influence of macrolides on CYP450 contributes to the metabolism and drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of macrolides. At present, most studies on the effects of macrolides on CYP450 are focused on CYP3A, but a few exist on other enzymes and drug combinations, such as telithromycin, which can decrease the activity of hepatic CYP1A2 and CYP3A2. This article summarizes some published applications of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of macrolides caused by CYP450. And the article may subsequently guide the rational use of drugs in clinical trials. To a certain extent, poisoning caused by adverse drug interactions can be avoided. Unreasonable use of macrolide antibiotics may enable the presence of residue of macrolide antibiotics in animal-origin food. It is unhealthy for people to eat food with macrolide antibiotic residues. So it is of great significance to guarantee food safety and protect the health of consumers by the rational use of macrolides. This review gives a detailed description of the influence of macrolides on CYP450 and the DDIs of macrolides caused by CYP450. Moreover, it offers a perspective for researchers to further explore in this area.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Knee Osteoarthritis Pharmacological Treatment and the Latest Professional Societies’ Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Dragan Primorac ◽  
Vilim Molnar ◽  
Vid Matišić ◽  
Damir Hudetz ◽  
Željko Jeleč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Symptomatic Therapy ◽  
Therapy Options ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Right

Osteoarthritis is the most common musculoskeletal progressive disease, with the knee as the most commonly affected joint in the human body. While several new medications are still under research, many symptomatic therapy options, such as analgesics (opioid and non-opioid), nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs, symptomatic slow-acting drugs in osteoarthritis, and preparations for topical administration, are being used, with a diverse clinical response and inconsistent conclusions across various professional societies guidelines. The concept of pharmacogenomic-guided therapy, which lies on principles of the right medication for the right patient in the right dose at the right time, can significantly increase the patient’s response to symptom relief therapy in knee osteoarthritis. Corticosteroid intra-articular injections and hyaluronic acid injections provoke numerous discussions and disagreements among different guidelines, even though they are currently used in daily clinical practice. Biological options, such as platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cell injections, have shown good results in the treatment of osteoarthritis symptoms, greatly increasing the patient’s quality of life, especially when combined with other therapeutic options. Non-inclusion of the latter therapies in the guidelines, and their inconsistent stance on numerous therapy options, requires larger and well-designed studies to examine the true effects of these therapies and update the existing guidelines.

Asymmetry in Event-Related Potentials to Simulated Auditory Motion in Children, Young Adults, and Seniors

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Jerger ◽  
Rebecca Estes
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Apparent Movement ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

We studied auditory evoked responses to the apparent movement of a burst of noise in the horizontal plane. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured in three groups of participants: children in the age range from 9 to 12 years, young adults in the age range from 18 to 34 years, and seniors in the age range from 65 to 80 years. The topographic distribution of grand-averaged ERP activity was substantially greater over the right hemisphere in children and seniors but slightly greater over the left hemisphere in young adults. This finding may be related to age-related differences in the extent to which judgments of sound movement are based on displacement versus velocity information.

Cardiovascular, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal, Hematological, Hormonal, and Immunosuppressant Agents

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1113-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce A. Generali
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Black Box Warnings ◽  
Wall Chart

“Black-box” warnings report valuable postmarketing safety data about prescription drugs, keeping practitioners informed about potential adverse events, drug interactions, key dosing information, monitoring and administration requirements, and at-risk patient populations. They are especially crucial for newly approved agents. A list of agents with black-box warnings does not currently exist; however Hospital Pharmacy will be publishing comprehensive lists by drug category in this column until November 2002. At that time, a complete list in wall chart form will be released. Hospital Pharmacy will update the data as salient information becomes available.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors: latest evidence and clinical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Fanelli ◽  
Daniela Ghisi ◽  
Pierangelo Lora Aprile ◽  
Francesco Lapi
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pressure Development ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meta Analyses

Observational studies and meta-analyses have shown that the administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially when prescribed at high doses for long periods of time, can potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The increased thrombotic risk related to the use of NSAIDs is mainly due to their cyclooxygenase 2 selectivity. The dosage use, the formulation selected and the duration of the therapy are other factors that can significantly impact on the cardiovascular risk. In order to minimize the risk, prescription of the right drug based on the patient’s features and the different safety profiles of several NSAIDs that are available on the market is key for their appropriate administration. Despite the baseline cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk of each patient, monitoring of patients is suggested for increases in blood pressure, development of edema, deterioration of renal function, or gastrointestinal bleeding during long-term treatment with NSAIDs.

Pengaruh Diversitas Dewan Komisaris dan Dewan Direksi Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan (Studi Empiris: Perusahaan Manufaktur Di BEI Periode 2014-2018)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
LILIS GUSTIANA ◽  
Yeasy Darmayanti ◽  
Meihendri Meihendri
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Age Diversity ◽  
The Board Of Directors

This study aims to determine the effect of board of commissioners and board of directors diversity on company performance in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Excharge for the  2014-2018 period.  By using purposive sampling method, obtained 45 samples of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it was found that the age diversity of the board of commissioners had no significant effect on company performance; the diversity of board of  commissioners educational  background had no significant effect on company performance, the diversity of board of commissioners tenure had a significant effect on company performance. While the diversity of board of directors age had a significant effect on company performance, diversity the of educational backgrounds of the board of directors does not have a significant effect on company performance, and the diversity of tenure of the board of directors does not have a significant effect on company performance.  Keywords : Company Performance, Age, Education, Tenure, Board Of Commissioners Board Of Directors.

Following Majority Rule versus Deferring to Elders: Educational Background Shapes Group Decision Preference in Burmese Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yo Nakawake ◽  
Mark Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Majority Rule ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
The Right ◽  
Universal Pattern ◽  
Day Care Centre

Previous studies showed that most children believe majority rule is the right decision rule, and prefer it to authority rule when making group decisions among peers. Yet, these were conducted mostly in Western or similar populations. Here, we conducted experiments with fifty-one Burmese children (4 to 11 years old) at three types of educational institutions: international schools, a monastery school and a day-care centre for street children. In the experiment, children were asked whether they prefer majority or authority rule in a hypothetical story. The result showed the educational institution influences the proportion choosing majority rule, suggesting that preference for majority rule may not be a universal pattern and decision preference may be shaped by cultural factors.

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