Health benefits of olive oil and by-products and possible innovative applications for industrial processes

In the last few years, the production of olive oil has incredibly increased due to its beneficial properties on human health. On the other hand, the amount of waste and by-products derived from the olive oil industry has increased as well, prompting the development of new fields of research aiming to reduce disposal costs and valorize bioactive compounds from the viewpoint of the green economy. Interestingly, olive oil and by-products contain numerous molecules, including phenols, exhibiting pleiotropic effects in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review aims to describe the more recent studies focusing to identify and describe the potential roles and the new applications of extracts isolated from wastes and by-products or specific compounds, such as hydroxytyrosol (HT) and oleuropein. Extracts or bioactive molecules from olive oil and by-products have been proposed as a food additive, to produce biofuel, for animal feeding, and to create new matrices in bioremediation protocols. Moreover, bio-compounds have been described to have numerous beneficial effects on human health as they reduce the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. Despite the already published studies, more research is necessary to valorize bioactive compounds in olive oil and by-products, as well as their potential use to improve human health and green applications in different industrial processes. Keywords: extra virgin olive oil, by-products, olive leaf extract, bioactive compounds, human health, and industrial application

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Monitoring the bioactive compounds status of extra-virgin olive oil and storage by-products over the shelf life

Food Control ◽

10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.06.036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 606-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Jesus Lozano-Sánchez ◽

Alessandra Bendini ◽

Rosa Quirantes-Piné ◽

Lorenzo Cerretani ◽

Antonio Segura-Carretero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shelf Life ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

And Storage ◽

By Products

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Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Sources and Agricultural By-Products

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114897 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4897

Author(s):

Bárbara Socas-Rodríguez ◽

M. Vanessa Torres-Cornejo ◽

Gerardo Álvarez-Rivera ◽

Jose A. Mendiola

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Natural Sources ◽

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽

By Products

In this work, a review about the applicability of eutectic solvents, mainly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES), for the extraction of bioactive compounds from natural products has been carried out. These alternative solvents have shown not only to have high extraction yields but also to be environmentally friendly, exhibiting very low or almost no toxicity, compared to conventional organic solvents. The last trends and main extraction methods that have been most widely used in studies using these emerging solvents have been reviewed, as well as the varied natural sources in which they have been used, including agro-food by-products. Besides the toxicity, biodegradability of these solvents is reviewed. Likewise, different reported bioactivity tests have been included, in which extracts obtained with these ecological solvents have been tested from antioxidant activity analysis to in vivo studies with rats, through in vitro cytotoxicity tests.

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Cereal Processing By-Products as Rich Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Their Potential Bioactivities

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13113934 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 3934

Author(s):

Anca Fărcaș ◽

Georgiana Drețcanu ◽

Teodora Daria Pop ◽

Bianca Enaru ◽

Sonia Socaci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Action Plan ◽

Food Additives ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

The European Union ◽

By Products

In today’s society, we can see a progressive paradigm shift that tends towards a healthy and sustainable lifestyle. The proof is represented by the growing interest in food loss and waste of different sectors, from the political to the academic, or even to the private sector. In order to reduce food waste and to increase sustainability, the European Union (EU) has planned a circular bioeconomy. This action plan includes an approach based on reducing, reusing, recovering, and recycling materials and energy. Every year, there are high amounts of waste and by-products resulting from agricultural producing and agro-industrial processing, impacting the environment and the socio-economic sector. Cereal food products cover over 20% of daily diet, so it can be assumed that cereal production and processing are one of the most important sectors of agri-food industries. It is estimated that the waste generated from cereal processing and manufacturing is up to 13%, a percentage that can be decreased by converting the by-products in raw materials for biofuels, biodegradable plastics, alcohols, antioxidants, food additives, or pharmaceutic ingredients due to their content in macro- and micro-nutrients or bioactive compounds. Based on the fact that diet plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of our body, it is important to capitalize on any source of bioactive compounds to which we have access. This review aims to highlight the need to recirculate by-products for the purpose of extraction and use of their key compounds, polyphenols, which have not only antioxidant effects, but also preventive and therapeutic effects against cancer. For these, it is necessary to understand the biotechnologies needed for processing the most consumed cereals, the methods of extraction of phenolic compounds, and the main effects that these compounds have, summarizing the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies performed so far.

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Hydroxytyrosyl Oleate: Improved Extraction Procedure from Olive Oil and By-Products, and In Vitro Antioxidant and Skin Regenerative Properties

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 233 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Cinzia Benincasa ◽

Chiara La Torre ◽

Pierluigi Plastina ◽

Alessia Fazio ◽

Enzo Perri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extraction Procedure ◽

Human Keratinocytes ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Redox Status ◽

Phenolic Fraction ◽

Olive Mill Waste Water ◽

By Products

Recently, we identified hydroxytyrosyl oleate (HtyOle) in the by-products of olive oil, pomace and olive mill waste water (OMWW). Herein, we report that HtyOle is more accurately quantified by extracting the phenolic fraction from both matrices by using aqueous methanol (80%). By applying this method, HtyOle was also detected in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Since olive oil is used in the preparation of many cosmetic formulations, we explored the antioxidant capacity of HtyOle in human keratinocytes. Formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as activity of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased by HtyOle. In addition to that, microRNAs (miRs) involved in both redox status balance and skin regeneration potential were also tested. The following miRs, hsa-miR-21 and hsa-miR-29a, were increased while has-miR-34a was not affected by HtyOle.

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Olive (Olea europea) oil: physico-chemical characterization and antioxidant activities in vitro and in vivo

Food Research ◽

10.26656/fr.2017.4(3).220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 563-570

Author(s):

Abdul Rohman ◽

A.B. Riyanta ◽

E. Lukitaningsih ◽

S. Riyanto

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Human Health ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Physico Chemical

Olive oil, especially extra virgin olive oil, gained popularity recently due to its beneficial effects toward human health. Olive oil contained high amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid (C18:1) and some minor components such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol which are important to human health. Olive oils have been reported to have antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. This article reviewed some physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activities of olive oil either in vitro or in vivo. Olive oil was evaluated in vitro using radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating power, beta-carotene bleaching, linoleic acid-ferric thiocyanate method. In vivo, the antioxidant activities of olive oil were evaluated using glutathione Stransferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Phenolics compounds present in olive oil contribute to antioxidant activities, therefore, olive oil is potential to be used as a food supplement.

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Potential Uses of Olive Oil Secoiridoids for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer: A Narrative Review of Preclinical Studies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22031234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 1234

Author(s):

Maria Rita Emma ◽

Giuseppa Augello ◽

Vita Di Stefano ◽

Antonina Azzolina ◽

Lydia Giannitrapani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Human Cancer ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Anti Cancer ◽

Prevention And Treatment ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a combination of foods mainly rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory nutrients that have been shown to have many health-enhancing effects. Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) is an important component of the MD. The importance of EVOO can be attributed to phenolic compounds, represented by phenolic alcohols, hydroxytyrosol, and tyrosol, and to secoiridoids, which include oleocanthal, oleacein, oleuropein, and ligstroside (along with the aglycone and glycosidic derivatives of the latter two). Each secoiridoid has been studied and characterized, and their effects on human health have been documented by several studies. Secoiridoids have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative properties and, therefore, exhibit anti-cancer activity. This review summarizes the most recent findings regarding the pharmacological properties, molecular targets, and action mechanisms of secoiridoids, focusing attention on their preventive and anti-cancer activities. It provides a critical analysis of preclinical, in vitro and in vivo, studies of these natural bioactive compounds used as agents against various human cancers. The prospects for their possible use in human cancer prevention and treatment is also discussed.

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The multifunctional therapeutic potentiality of extra virgin olive oil administration through the intervention in pathophysiological mechanisms: Focus on Alzheimer's disease

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 101-113

Author(s):

Tzekaki E ◽

Prodromou S ◽

Tsolaki M ◽

Pantazaki Α A

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Health Effect ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Dietary Regimen

Proper dietary habits pave the way for a good and healthy life in order to maintain and prolong the quality of life. It is well known that quality of life in the elderly can be achieved by non-pharmacological approaches such as performing physical activity, cognitive training, or adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet). The MedDiet is suggested as the prevalent dietary regimen and is strongly correlated with prevention of degenerative diseases and longevity. The most distinguished and beneficial ingredient of MedDiet is extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). Indeed, numerous epidemiological studies have proved that the consumption of olive oil was associated with better overall health. The foremost component of EVOO is polyphenolic compounds which are under investigation for its biological and pharma-nutritional properties. In this review we recorded several representative in vitro and in vivo studies performed in culture cell lines, in animal or clinical trials, indicating that the regular intake of EVOO is associated with enhanced neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer and anti-microbial properties. Furthermore, it is emerged the demand of more randomized controlled or longitudinal observational studies to be performed to confirm the efficacy of the beneficial health effect of EVOO.

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Medicinal Plants and Bioactive Compounds for Diabetes Management: Important Advances for Drug Discovery

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200928160357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

Author(s):

Kondeti Ramudu Shanmugam ◽

Bhasha Shanmugam ◽

Gangigunta Venkatasubbaiah ◽

Sahukari Ravi ◽

Kesireddy Sathyavelu Reddy

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Major Public Health Problem

Background : Diabetes is a major public health problem in the world. It affects each and every part of the human body and also leads to organ failure. Hence, great progress made in the field of herbal medicine and diabetic research. Objectives: Our review will focus on the effect of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants which are used to treat diabetes in India and other countries. Methods: Information regarding diabetes, oxidative stress, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds were collected from different search engines like Science direct, Springer, Wiley online library, Taylor and francis, Bentham Science, Pubmed and Google scholar. Data was analyzed and summarized in the review. Results and Conclusion: Anti-diabetic drugs that are in use have many side effects on vital organs like heart, liver, kidney and brain. There is an urgent need for alternative medicine to treat diabetes and their disorders. In India and other countries herbal medicine was used to treat diabetes. Many herbal plants have antidiabetic effects. The plants like ginger, phyllanthus, curcumin, aswagandha, aloe, hibiscus and curcuma showed significant anti-hyperglycemic activities in experimental models and humans. The bioactive compounds like Allicin, azadirachtin, cajanin, curcumin, querceitin, gingerol possesses anti-diabetic, antioxidant and other pharmacological properties. This review focuses on the role of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants in prevention and management of diabetes. Conclusion: Moreover, our review suggests that bioactive compounds have the potential therapeutic potential against diabetes. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activity of Extra Virgin Olive Oil Extracts Obtained from Quercetano Cultivar Trees Grown in Different Areas of the Tuscany Region (Italy)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 421

Author(s):

Maria Cristina Barbalace ◽

Lorenzo Zallocco ◽

Daniela Beghelli ◽

Maurizio Ronci ◽

Serena Scortichini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Thioredoxin Reductase ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Quinone Oxidoreductase ◽

Phenol Composition

Neurodegenerative diseases are driven by several mechanisms such as inflammation, abnormal protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. So far, no therapeutic strategies are available for neurodegenerative diseases and in recent years the research is focusing on bioactive molecules present in food. In particular, extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) phenols have been associated to neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated the potential antioxidant and neuroprotective activity of two different EVOO extracts obtained from Quercetano cultivar trees grown in two different areas (plain and hill) of the Tuscany region (Italy). The different geographical origin of the orchards influenced phenol composition. Plain extract presented a higher content of phenyl ethyl alcohols, cinnammic acids, oleacein, oleocanthal and flavones; meanwhile, hill extract was richer in lignans. Hill extract was more effective in protecting differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from peroxide stress thanks to a marked upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase 1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1, thioredoxin Reductase 1 and glutathione reductase. Proteomic analysis revealed that hill extract plays a role in the regulation of proteins involved in neuronal plasticity and activation of neurotrophic factors such as BDNF. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that EVOOs can have important neuroprotective activities, but these effects are strictly related to their specific phenol composition.

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TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING

Biomedical Engineering Applications Basis and Communications ◽

10.4015/s1016237209001209 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (03) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hsu-Wei Fang

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Bone Cells ◽

Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage injuries may be caused by trauma, biomechanical imbalance, or degenerative changes of joint. Unfortunately, cartilage has limited capability to spontaneous repair once damaged and may lead to progressive damage and degeneration. Cartilage tissue-engineering techniques have emerged as the potential clinical strategies. An ideal tissue-engineering approach to cartilage repair should offer good integration into both the host cartilage and the subchondral bone. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors make up the tissue engineering triad. One of the major challenges for cartilage tissue engineering is cell source and cell numbers. Due to the limitations of proliferation for mature chondrocytes, current studies have alternated to use stem cells as a potential source. In the recent years, a lot of novel biomaterials has been continuously developed and investigated in various in vitro and in vivo studies for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, stimulatory factors such as bioactive molecules have been explored to induce or enhance cartilage formation. Growth factors and other additives could be added into culture media in vitro, transferred into cells, or incorporated into scaffolds for in vivo delivery to promote cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.Based on the current development of cartilage tissue engineering, there exist challenges to overcome. How to manipulate the interactions between cells, scaffold, and signals to achieve the moderation of implanted composite differentiate into moderate stem cells to differentiate into hyaline cartilage to perform the optimum physiological and biomechanical functions without negative side effects remains the target to pursue.

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