scholarly journals The influence of hardening on the operational properties of soil-cutting tools

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
B.A. Markov ◽  
◽  
O.V. Sedykh ◽  
V.V. Bondarenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Resistant Layer

Today, soil cutting tools are mainly made from carbon steels, which are heat treated to provide high hardness and strength. However, at present, the durability of such a hardened soil-cutting tool of both domestic and foreign manufacturers is far from perfect. One of the reasons for the insufficient resistance to abrasive wear of a soil-cutting tool subjected to hardening by heat treatment may be its heating by frictional force in contact with the soil. As a result of such heating, the steel undergoes additional tempering, which leads to a decrease in the surface hardness of the cutting edge of the tool by almost 2 times - 49-50 HRC to 22-34 HRC, de-pending on the intensity of metal heating. This circumstance was established during metallographic studies of samples cut from the shares of the KB-01 body of the PBS-4 plow. One of the ways to solve this problem is to obtain a wear-resistant layer on the surface of the soil-cutting tool, which is not subject to the negative effects of reheating during operation, for example, from alloyed white cast iron by the method of plasma-powder surfacing. Metallographic studies showed that the deposited layer has a hardness of more than 62 HRC. At the same time, such types of heat treatment as hardening, normalization or annealing do not have a noticeable effect on the hardness of the deposited layer. Metallographic studies of the deposited metal after operation also showed the absence of notice-able changes in its microstructure and hardness. This indicates that reheating from the action of fric-tion forces does not have a significant effect on the properties of a soil-cutting tool strengthened by plasma-powder surfacing, which contributes to an increase in its duration of operation.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE METHOD OF PROCESSING HOLES WITH A ROTARY CUP CUTTER WITH SURFACING

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Bakytzhan Donenbayev ◽  
Karibek Sherov ◽  
Assylkhan Mazdubay ◽  
Aybek Sherov ◽  
Medgat Mussayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hard Metal ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Cost

This article presents the experimental study results of the process of rotational friction holes boring using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material. As a result of experimental studies, the following quality indicators were achieved: surface roughness within Ra=10÷1,25 micrometer; surface hardness within HB 212-248. Using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material in case of rotational friction boring of large-diameter holes for large-sized parts can improve processing performance in comparison with cutting tools equipped with hard metal plates and provided the required surface roughness. Preliminary calculations showed that the manufacture of cup cutters from non-instrumental materials reduces the cost of the cutting tool by 5-7 times and the cost of the operation by 1.5-2 times.

Study on the Heat-Treatment of Clad Plate for Cutting Tools

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 916-919
Author(s):  
Lin Lin Yuan ◽  
Jing Tao Han ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Core Layer ◽  
Water Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Uniform Microstructure ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

High sharpness, abrasion resistance, superior ductility, and processability are required in cutting tool materials application. Used 304(0Cr18Ni9) austenitic stainless steel as cladding and 440(7Cr17) martensitic stainless steel as core layer to produce excellently combined stainless steel plate by hot-rolled bonding in this investigation as well as researched various heat treatment processes. The results indicated that the core layer has high hardness and the cladding layer has tiny and uniform microstructure by the method of heating at 10501070°C for 15 minutes, water-cooling , then tempering at 200°C.

Research on Microstructures of Alloyed Layer by Plasma Surface Alloying with Tungsten and Molybdenum

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 1108-1112
Author(s):  
Gao Yuan ◽  
Jin Yong Xu ◽  
Yan Ping Liu ◽  
Jian Zhong Wang ◽  
Xiaoyun Kui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Alloying Elements ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Surface Alloying ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
Resistance To Wear

The alloying elements W-Mo cementation is carried out on the surfaces of low carbon steels by the technique of plasma metallurgy. Then by using the plasma-supersaturated carbonization, the composition of surface alloying layer reaches or approaches that of low-alloy HSS. In the end the surface alloying layer possesses high hardness, favorable red hardness and a significant improvement in properties after high temperature quenching and high temperature tempering. The surface cementation structure and phase structure of alloying layer were analyzed using metallographic microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively; the distribution of surface composition and hardness of the layer were investigated by Glow Discharge Analytical Instrument (GDA) and micro hardness instrument, respectively; the resistance to wear was tested by a abrasion machine. The experimental results indicated that the layer consisted of W-Mo solid solution in Fe, the depth of the layer could reach 100µm and the content of tungsten exceeded 10% after ion W-Mo cementation. The carbon content of carburized layer was 1.3% above, which was composed of M6C carbide containing a lot of elements of W-Mo. The surface hardness of the alloying layer attained the HV1000 or so and appeared graded distribution after quenching and tempering. The application study showed that alloying elements W-Mo cementation was an appropriate technique to enhance surface resistance to wear and prolong operating life of accessories.

Evaluation of the Performance of α-SiAlON Tool when Turning Ti–6Al–4V Alloy without Coolant

2008 ◽  
Vol 591-593 ◽  
pp. 554-559
Author(s):  
José Vitor C. Souza ◽  
Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono ◽  
Sergio Luiz Mineiro ◽  
M.V. Ribeiro ◽  
Olivério Moreira Macedo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Cutting Conditions ◽  
Diffusion Wear ◽  
Catastrophic Failures ◽  
Iron Nickel ◽  
Iron Nickel Alloys ◽  
High Degree

Due to their high hardness and wear resistance, Si3N4 based ceramics are one of the most suitable cutting tool materials for machining cast iron, nickel alloys and hardened steels. However, their high degree of brittleness usually leads to inconsistent results and sudden catastrophic failures. This necessitates a process optimization when machining superalloys with Si3N4 based ceramic cutting tools. The tools are expected to withstand the heat and pressure developed when machining at higher cutting conditions because of their high hardness and melting point. This paper evaluates the performance of α-SiAlON tool in turning Ti–6Al–4V alloy at high cutting conditions, up to 250 m min−1, without coolant. Tool wear, failure modes and temperature were monitored to access the performance of the cutting tool. Test results showed that the performance of α-SiAlON tool, in terms of tool life, at the cutting conditions investigated is relatively poor due probably to rapid notching and excessive chipping of the cutting edge. These facts are associated with adhesion and diffusion wear rate that tends to weaken the bond strength of the cutting tool.

The Process Study on Laser Heat Treatment for CNC Machine Tool Guide

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
Hua Li Su ◽  
Xiao Peng Miao ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Cnc Machine Tools ◽  
Cnc Machine Tool ◽  
Cnc Machine ◽  
Control Machine Tool

With the continuous development of CNC technology, CNC machine tools run at the higher speed. Cutting force will be greater, which is bound to exacerbate the wear and tear of the machine tool guides. Therefore, new requirements of numerical control machine tool guide surface hardness are proposed. Using Laser surface heat treatment process to scan the guide surface of CNC Machine Tool, the guide can get high hardness hardened layer. After being casted iron HT300 was heat treated by the laser, the microstructure is homogeneous, very fine martensite. Its Surface hardness can get to HV832. The treatment enhances the surface abrasion resistance, scratch-resistant capacity.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of Si3N4 Coated AlCrN Ceramic Cutting Tool

2010 ◽  
Vol 660-661 ◽  
pp. 697-700
Author(s):  
José Vitor C. Souza ◽  
Maria do Carmo de Andrade Nono ◽  
Olivério Moreira Macedo Silva ◽  
G.V. Martins ◽  
João Paulo Barros Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Ceramic Cutting Tool ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Nowadays, silicon nitride based cutting tools are used to machine cast iron from the automotive industry and nickel superalloys from the aero industries. Advances in manufacturing technologies (increased cutting speeds, dry machining, etc.) induced the fast commercial growth of physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings for cutting tools, in order to increase their life time. In this work, a new composition of the Si3N4 ceramic cutting tool was developed, characterized and subsequently coated, using a PVD process, with aluminum chromium nitride (AlCrN). The Si3N4 substrate properties were analyzed by XRD, AFM, hardness and fracture toughness. The AlCrN coating was analyzed by AFM, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) and hardness. The results showed that this PVD coating could be formed homogeneously, without cracks and promoted a higher surface hardness to the insert and consequently it can produce a better wear resistance during its application on high speed machining.

Mechanical Properties of Nano-Crystalline Glaze for Wall Tiles Prepared by Controlling TiO2 Nucleating Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoorim Rho ◽  
Seunggu Kang ◽  
Jinho Kim ◽  
Kangduk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Crystallization Temperature ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Opaque Glaze ◽  
Degree Of Crystallization

In this paper, TiO2 is substituted as a nucleating agent in opaque glaze to produce nano-crystalline glaze with high hardness. The crystallization mechanism of glaze was calculated by non-isothermal thermal analysis by Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), and the glaze was heat treated at the crystallization temperature (Tp). In the case of glaze (88G20T), in which TiO2 was substituted by 20 wt% showed surface crystallization behaviors because the Avrami constant (n) was 1.18 and the activation energy (E) values were 747.0 kJ/mol at the crystallization temperature (Tp2). The microstructure of the glazes without heat-treatment showed that phase separation transferred from spinodal to nucleation-growth as TiO2 substitution increased. The size of droplets was nano-sized, below 100 nm. The glazes heated at the crystallization temperature (Tp) and crystal size of several hundred nm to several μm was observed. The surface hardness of the crystalline glaze showed a high hardness of 6.74 GPa and the degree of crystallization was 47.5% at 80G20T after heat treatment at Tp2 (1207 °C).

Progress on Research of Machining of Difficult-to-Machine Materials Using CBN Cutting Tools

2015 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 910-913
Author(s):  
Shi Long Gao ◽  
Li Bao An ◽  
Xiao Chong Wang ◽  
Song Gao
Keyword(s):  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
High Chemical ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Cutting Tool Materials

Some engineering materials have excellent performances, but the machining of these materials is a problem. It is very inadequate to meet machining requirement only using traditional cutting tool materials. Therefore, exploring the machinability of difficult-to-machine materials and applying appropriate cutting tool materials have drawn much attention in metal cutting industry for guarantied product quality and productivity. Cubic boron nitride (CBN) has been recognized as one of the most suitable cutting tool materials due to its high hardness, high wear resistance, high chemical inertness, and excellent chemical stability in high temperature. Research on various aspects of CBN cutting performances has been conducted in recent years. This paper presents the progress on machining difficult-to-machine materials using CBN cutting tools.

The Influence of Heat Treatment on the Size of the Carbide Inclusions and Hardness of Multilayer Composite Material ZD-0803

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
A.N. Dildin ◽  
V.Yu. Gerasimov ◽  
E.A. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Diffusion Bonding ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Hard Alloys ◽  
Sharp Transition ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Carbide Inclusions

Technological methods are used to ensure high homogeneity of structure and composition of metals, and thereby to improve operational characteristics and technological properties of tool materials (steels, carbide steels, hard alloys, etc.). At the same time, one of the promising field for improving the technological and operational properties of these materials is the formation of their structural and chemical heterogeneity. The alternation of a large number of layers of steels with different constituents makes it possible to obtain a set of properties that are unattainable for homogeneous steel. The use of modern diffusion bonding technologies has made it recently possible to create a number of new composite materials based on steels with various constituents, and their properties can be used in the manufacture of cutting tools. The purpose of the real work is the study of influence of heat treatment modes on the structure and operational properties of multilayered compositions ZD-0803, produced by LLC "AiR Company". During the study, the structure of the composite material, its hardness and microhardness after annealing and hardening the metal were analyzed. The obtained data show that the studied material has a pronounced layered structure with a sharp transition from one layer to the next one. The technology used in the production of composites provides the practical absence of a transition zone and the absence of such frequent defects of diffusion bonding, as stratifications, pores, oxide inclusions, etc. The study proves that during heat treatment process, the size of the carbides inclusions decreases but their number increases. The work shows that these structural transformations lead to increasing of surface hardness and microhardness of the studied material layers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document