Risk factors for development of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
S. A. SEMENOV ◽  
◽  
G. R. KHASANOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Resistant Strains

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for a wide range of human diseases, often with a severe course and prognosis. The growing resistance of pneumococci to certain classes of antibiotics limits the treatment of pneumococcal infections. The study of factors that influence the formation of antibiotic resistance of the pathogen is important for developing a strategy to counter this phenomenon and for predicting the presence of microbial resistance in a particular patient when choosing a drug for empirical therapy. This review presents the results of studies of some potential risk factors for the formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to antibiotics. The most important of these is the previous administration of antibiotics, especially in the last few months. Previous diseases, previous hospitalization, and the nosocomial nature of pneumonia are also considered as factors that allow predicting the colonization of loci by antibiotic-resistant strains of pneumococci. Staying at long-term care facilities and attending organized groups (schools and kindergartens) may also increase the risk of colonization of the respiratory tract by antibiotic-resistant strains of pneumococci. The frequency of isolation of pneumococcus strains insensitive to certain antibiotics is also characterized by wide geographical variability.

Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in school children

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (30) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
I. N. Protasova ◽  
N. V. Bakhareva ◽  
N. A. Ilyenkova ◽  
E. S. Sokolovskaya ◽  
T. A. Elistratova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
School Children ◽  
Clonal Diversity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Resistant Strains

Purpose. To investigate the serotype distribution, clonal structure and antimicrobial resistance of pneumococci isolated from schoolchildren.Materials and methods. During the period from 2012 to 2018 we examined 498 healthy school children aged 6 to 17 years. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from each child for culture, after that all S. pneumoniae strains were genotyped for serotype and ST-type deduction (PCR and sequencing, respectively). Antimicrobial resistance was also determined.Results. Pneumococcal culture was positive in 10.6 % of children. S. pneumoniae isolates belonged to seven serogroups and seven serotypes. Serogroup 6 and serotype 19F strains (15.1% each), and serogroup 9 strains (13.2%) were the most prevalent. S. pneumoniae33FA/37 and 3 (9.4 and 5.7%), serogroups 15 and 18 (7.6 and 5.7%), and 10A serotype (3.8%) were determined at a lower frequency. 20 detected ST-types belonged to 14 clonal complexes (CCs); CC156, CC447, and CC320 were predominant. 1.9% of isolates were penicillin-resistant; 13.2% – macrolide-, clindamycin-, and tetracycline-resistant. S. pneumoniae antibiotic resistant strains belonged to multidrug-resistant CCs 320, 315, and 156.Conclusion. S. pneumoniae prevalence in school children is not high. Pneumococcal population is characterized by serotype and clonal diversity including ‘invasive’ serotypes and genotypes. Most of strains are susceptible to antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Mood Disorders in Late Life: A Population-based Analysis of Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences in Community-dwelling Older Adults in Ontario: Troubles de l’humeur en âge avancé : Une analyse dans la population de la prévalence, des facteurs de risque et des conséquences chez des adultes âgés vivant en milieu communautaire en Ontario

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Rachel Strauss ◽  
Paul Kurdyak ◽  
Richard H. Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Objective: Mental health issues in late life are a growing public health challenge as the population aged 65 and older rapidly increases worldwide. An updated understanding of the causes of mood disorders and their consequences in late life could guide interventions for this underrecognized and undertreated problem. We undertook a population-based analysis to quantify the prevalence of mood disorders in late life in Ontario, Canada, and to identify potential risk factors and consequences. Method: Individuals aged 65 or older participating in 4 cycles of a nationally representative survey were included. Self-report of a diagnosed mood disorder was used as the outcome measure. Using linked administrative data, we quantified associations between mood disorder and potential risk factors such as demographic/socioeconomic factors, substance use, and comorbidity. We also determined associations between mood disorders and 5-year outcomes including health service utilization and mortality. Results: The prevalence of mood disorders was 6.1% (4.9% among males, 7.1% among females). Statistically significant associations with mood disorders included younger age, female sex, food insecurity, chronic opioid use, smoking, and morbidity. Individuals with mood disorders had increased odds of all consequences examined, including placement in long-term care (adjusted odds ratio [OR] =2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71 to 3.02) and death (adjusted OR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.63). Conclusions: Mood disorders in late life were strongly correlated with demographic and social/behavioral factors, health care use, institutionalization, and mortality. Understanding these relationships provides a basis for potential interventions to reduce the occurrence of mood disorders in late life and their consequences.

scholarly journals Identification of a Broadly Active Phage Lytic Enzyme with Lethal Activity against Antibiotic-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (14) ◽  
pp. 4808-4812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Yoong ◽  
Raymond Schuch ◽  
Daniel Nelson ◽  
Vincent A. Fischetti
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Lytic Enzyme ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium infections are increasingly difficult to treat due to high levels of resistance to antibiotics. PlyV12, a bacteriophage lytic enzyme, was isolated and shown to effectively kill both E. faecalis and E. faecium (including vancomycin-resistant strains), as well as other human pathogens. We propose its development and use as an alternative therapeutic tool.

Genomic Identification of Potential Risk Factors during Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Disease in Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Welch ◽  
Timothy P. Reilly ◽  
Mohammed Bourdi ◽  
Thomas Hays ◽  
Cynthia A. Pise-Masison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Resistant Strains

Canadian national survey of prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Simor ◽  
M Louie ◽  
D E Low
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Surveillance Network ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Intermediate Resistance ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,089 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 39 laboratories across Canada between October 1994 and August 1995 were determined. A total of 91 isolates (8.4%) demonstrated intermediate resistance (MIC, 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml) and 36 (3.3%) had high-level resistance (MIC, > or = 2.0 micrograms/ml) to penicillin. Penicillin-resistant strains were more likely to have been recovered from normally sterile sites (P = 0.005) and to be cross-resistant to several beta-lactam and non-beta-lactam antimicrobial agents (P < 0.05). These results indicate that there has been a recent significant increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. pneumoniae in Canada.

scholarly journals Management of Infections Due to Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains ◽  
Common Infection

SUMMARY Antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are becoming more prevalent throughout the world; this has resulted in modifications of treatment approaches. Management of bacterial meningitis has the greatest consensus. Strategies for treating other systemic infections such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and musculoskeletal infections are evolving, in part related to the availability of new antibiotics which are active in vitro against isolates resistant to penicillin and the extended-spectrum cephalosporins. However, there are currently very limited data related to the clinical efficacy of these new agents. The studies upon which current recommendations are based are reviewed. Otitis media represents the single most common infection due to S. pneumoniae. Recommendations for treatment of acute otitis media due to drug-resistant strains and the rationale for these recommendations are discussed.

scholarly journals Mutation of luxS of Streptococcus pneumoniae Affects Virulence in a Mouse Model

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3206-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe H. Stroeher ◽  
Adrienne W. Paton ◽  
A. David Ogunniyi ◽  
James C. Paton
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Pneumococcal Infections ◽  
Wide Range

ABSTRACT The LuxS protein is required for the biosynthesis of the type 2 autoinducer (AI-2), which is involved in quorum sensing in a wide range of bacterial species. We have determined the effects of a defined luxS mutation on the virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although the luxS mutant displayed reduced virulence relative to its wild-type parent, the type 2 strain D39, it was by no means avirulent in a mouse model. After intranasal administration, the luxS mutant was able to colonize the nasopharynx of the mouse as efficiently as the wild type. However, it was less able to spread from the nasopharynx to the lungs or the blood. Intraperitoneal coadministration studies indicated that the luxS mutant was less fit and was readily outcompeted by wild-type D39. However, when administered on its own by this route, the mutant was able to proliferate and cause fatal systemic disease, albeit at a lower rate than the wild type. Western blot analysis of whole-cell lysates of the mutant and its parent did not reveal any differences in the levels of several well-characterized virulence proteins. However, analysis of Coomassie blue-stained protein profiles after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that mutation of luxS had pleiotropic effects on protein expression in all cellular compartments. This is consistent with the product of luxS having a regulatory role in S. pneumoniae. This is the first report of a direct role for luxS (and by inference, AI-2) in the virulence of a gram-positive pathogen. However, the fact that mutagenesis of luxS does not completely attenuate S. pneumoniae has implications for the possible use of AI-2 antagonists for treatment of pneumococcal infections.

A Prospective Community-Based Study of Falls among Older People in Australia: Frequency, Circumstances, and Consequences

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynette Mackenzie ◽  
Julie Byles ◽  
Nick Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Medical Risk ◽  
Medical Risk Factors ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls

Falls among the population of older people are a major international public health concern. Few prospective studies have been conducted in Australia with a healthy, rural and urban community sample that measure a broad range of health-related potential risk factors for falls. This study aims to identify the nature and circumstances of falls experienced by people aged 70 years and older, and explores any health and environmental variables associated with falls over a 6-month period. A total of 264 participants kept calendars and recorded information about falls. Health status measures were taken prior to the study period. Falls occurred mainly during mobility and housework activities causing a wide range of minor but notable injuries, and were associated with psychosocial factors as well as medical risk factors. The need for occupational therapists to develop specific programs for healthy older people living in the community is identified, as well as the need for cross-national falls research.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Bulgaria

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 638-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Setchanova ◽  
Alexander Tomasz
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Penicillin Binding Protein ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Unique Restriction ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Large Clusters

As part of an ongoing surveillance program of antibiotic-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae in Sofia, Bulgaria, 120 penicillin-resistant strains (PRSP) (most of them recovered from children hospitalized with pneumococcal disease) were analyzed by microbiological and molecular methods. Several unique features of this collection are of particular interest. (i) Most isolates (112 of 120) were also resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) (97 of 120 isolates, or 80%), and over 70% (86 of 120) of the isolates were resistant to at least three antibiotics in addition to penicillin. (ii) Close to 80% of all isolates were represented by large clusters of bacteria, each with a unique serotype, antibiotype, and chromosomal macrorestriction pattern (determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis), as well as unique restriction fragmentation length polymorphisms of the penicillin-binding protein genespbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b. (iii) A large proportion (45 of 120, or 38%) of the strains belonged to two internationally spread epidemic clones of S. pneumoniae, the first expressing capsular type 23F and the second expressing serotype 9. (iv) A unique Bulgarian cluster composed of eight serotype 19F isolates was resistant to tetracycline, SXT, cefotaxime, and extremely high levels of penicillin and erythromycin. Nevertheless, this clone did not react with either the erm or the mef DNA probes, and thus the mechanism of macrolide resistance in this group of PRSP remains to be elucidated.

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