Increased erythrocyte aggregation in infectious diseases: Influence of “acute phase proteins”

Abstract During the acute phase response, there is an increased production and release of certain proteins known as acute phase proteins (APPs) which can be produced by hepatocytes and peripheral tissues such as C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP). These proteins have been investigated as markers of various infectious diseases in small animals and the purpose of this review is to update the current knowledge about APPs in infectious diseases in dogs and cats.

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The association of erythrocyte aggregation index and acute phase proteins after cardiac surgery with CPB

European Journal of Anaesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00003643-200706001-00189 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 24 (Supplement 39) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

H. Mungroop ◽

B. G. Loef ◽

W. van Oeveren ◽

L. P. H. J. Aarts ◽

A. H. Epema

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

Aggregation Index

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Contribution of Acute-Phase Proteins and Cardiovascular Risk Factors to Erythrocyte Aggregation in Normolipidemic and Hyperlipidemic Individuals

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615386 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 80 (12) ◽

pp. 903-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Xiaoduan Weng ◽

Ghislaine Roederer ◽

Raymond Beaulieu ◽

Guy Cloutier

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Adhesive Strength ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

Rbc Aggregation ◽

Rouleau Formation ◽

Kinetics Of

SummaryBackground. Numerous studies have demonstrated that elevated concentrations of acute-phase proteins affect red blood cell (RBC) aggregation. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were also shown to be correlated with RBC aggregation in hypercholesterolemia. However, whether acute-phase proteins promote RBC hyperaggregation in hyper-lipidemic patients is unknown. The main objective of the study was to identify the impact of acute-phase proteins such as fibrinogen (Fib), haptoglobin (Hp), ceruloplasmin (Cp), α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), α1-antitrypsin (AT), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and albumin (Alb) on RBC aggregation in 35 hyperlipidemic patients. The influence of these proteins in 32 normolipidemic subjects was also determined.Methods and Results. RBC aggregation parameters reflecting the kinetics of rouleau formation and the adhesive strength between RBCs were measured by laser reflectometry. Multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analyses were performed to study the relationship between RBC aggregation and these acute-phase proteins, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high (HDL-C) and low (LDL-C) density lipo-protein cholesterol, age, gender, body mass index (BMI), mean blood pressure (Mpressure), and smoking habit. The kinetics of rouleau formation was positively correlated with the linear combination of IgG and Hp (r = 0.76, p <0.0001) in hyperlipidemic patients, whereas IgG, smoking, AGP and gender were significant independent predictors in healthy subjects (r = 0.79, p <0.0001). The correlations obtained for the models predicting the adhesive strength between RBCs were 0.69 in patients (Alb, HDL-C, IgG, p <0.002) and 0.71 in healthy individuals (AGP, BMI, p <0.0001).Conclusion. This study suggests that acute-phase proteins such as IgG, Hp, AGP and Alb influence significantly and in an independent way the level of RBC aggregation. The close association between RBC aggregation and cardiovascular risk factors further strengthens its clinical importance.

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The clinical significance of acute phase proteins as inflammatory markers in infectious diseases

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj2003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 909-915 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K R Dudina ◽

M M Kutateladze ◽

O O Znoiko ◽

N O Bokova ◽

S A Shutko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Bacterial Infection ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Acute Phase ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Biological Fluids ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

The article reviews the clinical significance of measuring acute phase proteins (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and neopterin) for differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral infections. The results of researches preformed at 1984 to 2014, which measured the levels of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neopterin in body biological fluids in infectious and non-infection diseases, are analyzed. Most frequently the clinician encounters a situation when it is necessary to differentiate the bacterial infection from other possible causes of increased body temperature, in particular, from viral infections. In some cases, the diagnosis of bacterial infection is possible only after the results of bacteriology, therefore, laboratory markers of bacterial infection, which would allow differentiating the causes of fever and minimizing the number of cases of unjustified antibiotic use, are actively sought out. Combined measuring of three acute inflammation markers was performed in patients with both infectious and non- infectious diseases. In was revealed that the levels of those blood markers correlate with the inflammation severity. Higher diagnostic value of simultaneous measurement of C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and neopterin, as well as the predictive value of procalcitonin and neopterin in monitoring the course of a number of diseases, was shown. Comprehensive analysis of the concentrations of the studied biomarkers in relation to clinical and microbiological data may help to identify patients at high risk of an unfavorable course of some diseases, allowing timely administration of all necessary treatments.

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Influence of acute-phase proteins on erythrocyte aggregation

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.6.h2346 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (6) ◽

pp. H2346-H2352 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

X. Weng ◽

G. Cloutier ◽

R. Beaulieu ◽

G. O. Roederer

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Phase Proteins ◽

Shear Resistance ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Erythrocyte Aggregation ◽

Aggregation Kinetics ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Specific Receptors ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Adhesive Forces

With the exception of fibrinogen, immunoglobulins, and albumin, little information is available on the effect of acute-phase proteins on erythrocyte aggregation. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of haptoglobin (Hp), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (Cp), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP), and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) on the aggregation kinetics and shear resistance of erythrocyte aggregates. The plasma concentration of these proteins was measured in 20 healthy individuals and kept unchanged while the concentration of the protein tested was increased. Adding Hp to concentrations between 2.78 and 4.99 g/l resulted in a significant progressive increase in aggregation kinetics compared with controls. An elevation of the shear resistance of the aggregates was found for CRP at a concentration of 0.438 g/l. By an increase in the concentration of Cp from 4.40 to 9.39 g/l, the aggregation kinetics and the adhesive forces between erythrocytes were significantly increased: No effect on erythrocyte aggregation was observed for alpha 1-AGP, alpha 1-AT, and Cp at concentrations of 2.85, 3.97, and 2.43 g/l, respectively. The molecular mass of the acute-phase proteins, their configuration, and the presence of specific receptors on the erythrocyte membrane are postulated as possible factors influencing erythrocyte aggregation.

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