The treatment with an extract from Calafate (Berberis microphylla) induces transcript and protein expression of molecules involved in thermogenesis and adipocyte browning in adipose tissue from obese mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Lissette Duarte ◽  
Javier Quezada ◽  
Luisa A. Ramirez ◽  
Karla Vasquez ◽  
Juan F. Orellana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Diet Control

BACKGROUND: Polyphenols intake increases the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), stimulating energy expenditure (EE). Calafate (Berberis microphylla) is a polyphenol-rich Chilean native fruit. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the effect of a treatment with a Calafate extract in the thermogenic activity of mice adipose tissues. METHODS: Forty adult C57BL/6J male mice were subdivided into four groups (n=10 each): control diet, control+Calafate (extract: 50mg total polyphenols/kg weight), high-fat diet (HF) and HF+Calafate. RESULTS: Calafate prevented the increase in body weight and the decrease EE induced by HF. In BAT, Ucp-1 transcript was influenced by the interaction between diet and Calafate (p<0.01), Pparα showed the same expression pattern as Ucp-1 and both, diet (p<0.01) and Calafate (p<0.05), induced significant effects in Sirt1. In inguinal adipose tissue, Pgc1α, Pparα, Prdm16, Sirt1, and Dio2 transcripts presented a decreased expression caused by HF, that was reversed by Calafate. In BAT, an effect of diet (p<0.05) and an interaction between diet and Calafate (p<0.01) was observed in UCP-1 protein levels. CONCLUSIONS: A treatment with Calafate drives less weight gain in mice fed with HF, and reverses the effects generated by it on the expression of thermogenic and browning markers.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals A high-fat diet impairs cooling-evoked brown adipose tissue activation via a vagal afferent mechanism

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (2) ◽  
pp. E287-E292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Madden ◽  
Shaun F. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Vagal Afferent

In dramatic contrast to rats on a control diet, rats maintained on a high-fat diet (HFD) failed to activate brown adipose tissue (BAT) during cooling despite robust increases in their BAT activity following direct activation of their BAT sympathetic premotor neurons in the raphe pallidus. Cervical vagotomy or blockade of glutamate receptors in the nucleus of the tractus solitarii (NTS) reversed the HFD-induced inhibition of cold-evoked BAT activity. Thus, a HFD does not prevent rats from mounting a robust, centrally driven BAT thermogenesis; however, a HFD does alter a vagal afferent input to NTS neurons, thereby preventing the normal activation of BAT thermogenesis to cooling. These results, paralleling the absence of cooling-evoked glucose uptake in the BAT of obese humans, reveal a neural mechanism through which consumption of a HFD contributes to reduced energy expenditure and thus to weight gain.

Lipoprotein lipase in white and brown adipose tissues of exercised rats fed a high-fat diet

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R226-R231
Author(s):  
Y. Deshaies ◽  
J. Arnold ◽  
J. Lalonde ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose

The combined effects of a high-fat-supplemented diet and exercise training on serum lipids as well as on lipoprotein lipase activity in white and brown adipose tissues of the rat were evaluated. Male Wistar rats were fed ad libitum either a stock diet or the stock diet supplemented with food items rich in fat. Half of each dietary group was submitted to daily treadmill running for 35 days. Food intake and final body weight were raised by the high-fat-supplemented diet and lowered by exercise training. Postprandial serum triglycerides were not affected by diet or exercise, whereas the latter decreased total cholesterol in the high-fat group only (14%, P less than 0.01). Total lipoprotein lipase activity in white adipose tissue was elevated (120%, P less than 0.01) by high-fat feeding, and this increase was greatly reduced by concomitant exercise training. In brown adipose tissue, however, the large elevation (104%, P less than 0.01) in enzyme activity brought by the high-fat diet was unaltered by concomitant training. Thus a high-fat-supplemented diet increased lipoprotein lipase activity in both an energy-storing and a heat-producing tissue, and exercise training was able to counteract this effect in white, but not in brown, adipose tissue. These findings support the notion that the regulation of lipoprotein lipase is tissue specific.

scholarly journals High-fat diet leads to tissue-specific changes reflecting risk factors for diseases in DBA/2J mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael S. Hageman ◽  
Asja Wagener ◽  
Claudia Hantschel ◽  
Karen L. Svenson ◽  
Gary A. Churchill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Brown Adipose

The aim of this study was to characterize the responses of individual tissues to high-fat feeding as a function of mass, fat composition, and transcript abundance. We examined a panel of eight tissues [5 white adipose tissues (WAT), brown adipose tissue (BAT), liver, muscle] obtained from DBA/2J mice on either a standard breeding diet (SBD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). HFD led to weight gain, decreased insulin sensitivity, and tissue-specific responses, including inflammation, in these mice. The dietary fatty acids were partially metabolized and converted in both liver and fat tissues. Saturated fatty acids (SFA) were converted in the liver to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and oleic acid (C18:1) was the preferred MUFA for storage of excess energy in all tissues of HFD-fed mice. Transcriptional changes largely reflected the tissue-specific fat deposition. SFA were negatively correlated with genes in the collagen family and processes involving the extracellular matrix. We propose a novel role of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene in adipose tissues of diet-induced obesity. Tissue-specific responses to HFD were identified. Liver steatosis was evident in HFD-fed mice. Gonadal, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous adipose tissue and BAT exhibited severe inflammatory and immune responses. Mesenteric adipose tissue was the most metabolically active adipose tissue. Gluteal adipose tissue had the highest mass gain but was sluggish in its metabolism. In HFD conditions, BAT functioned largely like WAT in its role as a depot for excess energy, whereas WAT played a role in thermogenesis.

scholarly journals Cajanolactone A, a Stilbenoid From Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp, Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppressing Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohui Luo ◽  
Jiawen Huang ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Linchun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cajanolactone A (CLA) is a stilbenoid isolated from Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp with the potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity. In this study, the effect of CLA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female C57BL/6 mice was investigated. It was found that, treatment with CLA reduced the energy intake and effectively protected the mice from HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation within the adipose tissues and liver, and impairment in energy metabolism. Further investigation revealed that CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of ORX, ORXR2, pMCH, and Gal in the hypothalamus and antagonized HFD-induced changes in the expression of UCP1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, and Mfn1 in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT); Caveolin-1, MT and UCP3 in the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT); and Pdhb, IRS2, Mttp, Hadhb, and Cpt1b in the liver. CLA also protected the pWAT and liver from HFD-induced mitochondrial damage. However, neither HFD nor CLA showed an effect on the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the expression of UCP1 in the BAT. In summary, our findings suggest that CLA is a potential drug candidate for preventing diet-induced obesity, at least in females. CLA works most likely by suppressing the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic genes, which leads to reduced energy intake, and subsequently, reduced fat accumulation, thereby protecting the adipose tissues and the liver from lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

Defective adaptive thermogenesis contributes to metabolic syndrome and liver steatosis in obese mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Poekes ◽  
Vanessa Legry ◽  
Olivier Schakman ◽  
Christine Detrembleur ◽  
Anne Bol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adaptive Thermogenesis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Pathway

Defective adaptive high-fat diet (HFD)- and cold-induced thermogenesis, due to impaired sympathetic pathway in brown adipose tissue (BAT), contribute to metabolic syndrome and fatty liver. Improving thermogenic capacities by repeated cold exposure alleviates metabolic and hepatic complications of obesity.

scholarly journals The Crude Extract fromPuerariaeFlower Exerts Antiobesity and Antifatty Liver Effects in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyasu Kamiya ◽  
Mayu Sameshima-Kamiya ◽  
Rika Nagamine ◽  
Masahito Tsubata ◽  
Motoya Ikeguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Kudzu, a leguminous plant, has long been used in folk medicine. In particular, its flowers are used in Japanese and Chinese folk medicine for treating hangovers. We focused on the flower of Kudzu (Puerariae thomsonii), and we previously reported the antiobesity effect ofPuerariae thomsoniiflower extract (PFE) in humans. In this study, we conducted an animal study to investigate the effect of PFE on visceral fat and hepatic lipid levels in mice with diet-induced obesity. In addition, we focused on gene expression profiles to investigate the antiobesity mechanism of PFE. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or an HFD supplemented with 5% PFE for 14 days. PFE supplementation significantly reduced body weight and white adipose tissue (WAT) weight. Moreover, in the histological analysis, PFE supplementation improved fatty liver. Hepatic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that PFE supplementation downregulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase expression. For adipose tissue, the expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase in WAT and uncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) were significantly upregulated. These results suggest that PFE exerts antiobesity and antifatty liver effects in high-fat diet-induced obese mice through suppressing lipogenesis in the liver, stimulating lipolysis in WAT, and promoting thermogenesis in BAT.

scholarly journals Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Hot Water Extract Reverses High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipid Metabolism of White and Brown Adipose Tissues in Obese Mice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1509
Author(s):  
Ra-Yeong Choi ◽  
Mi-Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Polygonum Multiflorum ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Brown Adipose

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether an anti-obesity effect of a Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. hot water extract (PW) was involved in the lipid metabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced C57BL/6N obese mice. Mice freely received a normal diet (NCD) or an HFD for 12 weeks; HFD-fed mice were orally given PW (100 or 300 mg/kg) or garcinia cambogia (GC, 200 mg/kg) once a day. After 12 weeks, PW (300 mg/kg) or GC significantly alleviated adiposity by reducing body weight, WAT weights, and food efficiency ratio. PW (300 mg/kg) improved hyperinsulinemia and enhanced insulin sensitivity. In addition, PW (300 mg/kg) significantly down-regulated expression of carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) genes in WAT compared with the untreated HFD group. HFD increased BAT gene levels such as adrenoceptor beta 3 (ADRB3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), PPARγ coactivator 1-α (PGC-1α), PPARα, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) compared with the NCD group; however, PW or GC effectively reversed those levels. These findings suggest that the anti-obesity activity of PW was mediated via suppression of lipogenesis in WAT, leading to the normalization of lipid metabolism in BAT.

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