An anti-tampering model of sensitive data in link network based on blockchain technology

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xianghong Li
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Data Security ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Difference Function ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
The Difference

In order to overcome the problems of traditional link network sensitive data anti tampering operation, such as long time-consuming and low data security, a tamper proof model of link network sensitive data based on blockchain technology is proposed. Calculate the evenly distributed random variables of sensitive node data and the difference of running distance to obtain the probability of meeting the sensitive data with other neighbor nodes, and determine the sensitive data in the link network; obtain the frequency domain of the sensitive data of the infected link network through the square difference function, and calculate the membership mean value of the infected data samples in the sensitive data; analyze the working principle of blockchain technology, Set the master key and public key of sensitive data, generate the encryption key of sensitive data of link network, and use blockchain technology to complete the design of tamper proof model of sensitive data in link network. The experimental results show that the shortest time-consuming of the proposed method is about 1 s, and the maximum tamper proof security factor is about 9.7.

scholarly journals Variability of the transport of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> at the Greenland–Portugal OVIDE section: controlling mechanisms

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 16101-16135
Author(s):  
P. Zunino ◽  
M. I. Garcia-Ibañez ◽  
P. Lherminier ◽  
H. Mercier ◽  
A. F. Rios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Decadal Variability ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Meridional Overturning Circulation ◽  
Irminger Sea ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Storage Rate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. The interannual to decadal variability of the transport of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Cant) across the Subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is investigated, using data of the OVIDE high resolution transoceanic section, from Greenland to Portugal, occupied six times from 1997 to 2010. The transport of Cant across this section, TCant hereafter, is northward, with a mean value of 254 ± 29 kmol s–1 over the 1997–2010 period. The TCant presents a high interannual variability, masking any trend different from 0 for this period. In order to understand the mechanisms controlling the variability of the TCant across the SPNA, we propose a new method that quantifies the transport of Cant caused by the diapycnal and isopycnal circulation. The diapycnal component yields a large northward transport of Cant (400 ± 29 kmol s–1) which is partially compensated by a southward transport of Cant caused by the isopycnal component (–171 ± 11 kmol s–1), mainly localized in the Irminger Sea. Most importantly, the diapycnal component is found to be the main driver of the variability of the TCant across the SPNA. Both the Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and the Cant increase in the water column have an important effect on the variability of the diapycnal component and of the TCant itself. Based on this analysis, we propose a simplified estimator for the variability of the TCant based on the intensity of the MOC and on the difference of Cant between the upper and lower limb of the MOC (ΔCant). This estimator shows a good consistency with the diapycnal component of the TCant, and help to disentangle the effect of the variability of both the circulation and the Cant increase on the TCant variability. We find that ΔCant keeps increasing over the past decade, and it is very likely that the continuous Cant increase in the water masses will cause an increase in the TCant across the SPNA at long time scale. Nevertheless, at the time scale analyzed here (1997–2010), the MOC is controlling the TCant variability, blurring the expected TCant increase. Extrapolating the observed ΔCant increase rate and considering the predicted slow-down of 25% of the MOC, the TCant across the SPNA is expected to increase by 430 kmol s–1 during the 21st century. Consequently, an increase in the storage rate of Cant in the SPNA could be envisaged.

Reliability of a Single β-Thromboglobulin Measurement in a Diabetic Population : Importance of PGE1 in Anticoagulant Mixture

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (02) ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Y Scarabin ◽  
L Strain ◽  
C A Ludlam ◽  
J Jones ◽  
E M Kohner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Single Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Release

SummaryDuring the collection of samples for plasma β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) determination, it is well established that artificially high values can be observed due to in-vitro release. To estimate the reliability of a single β-TG measurement, blood samples were collected simultaneously from both arms on two separate occasions in 56 diabetic patients selected for a clinical trial. From each arm, blood was taken into two tubes containing an anticoagulant mixture with (tube A) and without (tube B) PGE!. The overall mean value of B-TG in tube B was 1.14 times higher than in tube A (p <0.01). The markedly large between-arms variation accounted for the most part of within-subject variation in both tubes and was significantly greater in tube B than in tube A. Based on the difference between B-TG values from both arms, the number of subjects with artifically high B-TG values was significantly higher in tube B than in tube A on each occasion (overall rate: 28% and 14% respectively). Estimate of between-occasions variation showed that B-TG levels were relatively stable for each subject between two occasions in each tube. It is concluded that the use of PGEi decreases falsely high B-TG levels, but a single measurement of B-TG does not provide a reliable estimate of the true B-TG value in vivo.

Inter-country inequality as a dynamic process and the problem of post-industrial development

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Grigoryev ◽  
V. A. Pavlyushina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Industrial

The phenomenon of economic growth is studied by economists and statisticians in various aspects for a long time. Economic theory is devoted to assessing factors of growth in the tradition of R. Solow, R. Barrow, W. Easterly and others. During the last quarter of the century, however, the institutionalists, namely D. North, D. Wallis, B. Weingast as well as D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson, have shown the complexity of the problem of development on the part of socioeconomic and political institutions. As a result, solving the problem of how economic growth affects inequality between countries has proved extremely difficult. The modern world is very diverse in terms of development level, and the article offers a new approach to the formation of the idea of stylized facts using cluster analysis. The existing statistics allows to estimate on a unified basis the level of GDP production by 174 countries of the world for 1992—2016. The article presents a structured picture of the world: the distribution of countries in seven clusters, different in levels of development. During the period under review, there was a strong per capita GDP growth in PPP in the middle of the distribution, poverty in various countries declined markedly. At the same time, in 1992—2016, the difference increased not only between rich and poor groups of countries, but also between clusters.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Psychology: Volume 5

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Western World ◽  
Mental Life ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Indian Setting ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Five of this survey, Explorations into Psyche and Psychology: Some Emerging Perspectives, examines the future of psychology in India. For a very long time, intellectual investments in understanding mental life have led to varied formulations about mind and its functions across the word. However, a critical reflection of the state of the disciplinary affairs indicates the dominance of Euro-American theories and methods, which offer an understanding coloured by a Western world view, which fails to do justice with many non-Western cultural settings. The chapters in this volume expand the scope of psychology to encompass indigenous knowledge available in the Indian tradition and invite engaging with emancipatory concerns as well as broadening the disciplinary base. The contributors situate the difference between the Eastern and Western conceptions of the mind in the practice of psychology. They look at this discipline as shaped by and shaping between systems like yoga. They also analyse animal behaviour through the lens of psychology and bring out insights about evolution of individual and social behaviour. This volume offers critique the contemporary psychological practices in India and offers a new perspective called ‘public psychology’ to construe and analyse the relationship between psychologists and their objects of study. Finally, some paradigmatic, pedagogical, and substantive issues are highlighted to restructure the practice of psychology in the Indian setting.

scholarly journals Physiological and Psychological Effects of Watching Videos of Different Durations Showing Urban Bamboo Forests with Varied Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3434
Author(s):  
Yuqian Wang ◽  
Mingyan Jiang ◽  
Yinshu Huang ◽  
Zhiyi Sheng ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Psychological Indicators ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time

This study illustrated the physiological and psychological effects of watching videos of different durations showing bamboo forests with varied structures. Physiological indicators, including EEG (electroencephalogram), blood pressure, skin conductance, and pulse, were monitored in 180 Chinese university students (mean age: 20.72 ± 2.56 years) while they were watching bamboo videos. Before and after watching the videos, their psychological indicators, including positive and negative moods, were measured using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. After watching the bamboo videos of different durations, all of the physiological indicators responded to the stimulation after only 1 min. The indicators showed different trends at 1, 3 and 5 min. EEG decreased and then was maintained at a stable level after 1 min, and the high β, low β, and α waves had no significant differences between 1, 3 and 5 min. Blood pressure dropped to a stable state after 3 min, and the decline was significantly different greater after 3 min than after 1 min. Skin conductance increased for 1 to 5 min, and it did not stabilize after a long time (5 min). Pulse decreased after 1 min but increased after 5 min. After watching the videos with bamboo of varying structures, the physiological and psychological indicators showed significantly different changes. Skin conductance significantly increased (mean value: 6.78%), and the amount of sweat was more effectively reduced, thereby reducing tension, when the students viewed videos of sympodial bamboo forests compared with monopodial bamboo forests. Bamboo forests with a higher canopy density (0.83–0.85) could significantly decrease α waves (mean value: 1.50 Hz), relaxing the human body. High β and low β waves showed greater decreases, with tension reduced more effectively, when bamboo forests with a low tilt ratio (< 1.5%) were viewed. Bamboo forests with neat undergrowth could have more beneficial physiological and psychological effects on the human body.

LONG‐TIME RESPONSE PREDICTED BY EXACT ELASTIC RAY THEORY

Geophysics ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Formal Solution ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Time Limit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Axially Symmetric ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Figures

The formal solution for an axially symmetric radiation field in a multilayered, elastic system can be expanded in an infinite series. Each term in the series is associated with a particular raypath. It is shown that in the long‐time limit the individual response functions produced by a step input in particle velocity are given by polynomials in odd powers of the time. For rays which suffer m reflections, the degree of the polynomials is 2m+1. The total response is obtained by summing all rays which contribute in a specified time interval. When the rays are selected indiscriminately, the difference between the magnitude of the partial sum at an intermediate stage of computation and the magnitude of the correct total sum may be greater than the number of significant figures carried by the computer. A prescription is stated for arranging the rays into groups. Each group response function varies linearly in the long‐time limit and goes to zero when convolved with a physically realizable source function.

scholarly journals RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Luo ◽  
LiangMin Wang ◽  
ShangNan Yin ◽  
Hao Shentu ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Data Security ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Web Security ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Low Delay ◽  
Defense Technology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Bandwidth Overhead ◽  
Traffic Analysis Attack

AbstractEdge computing has developed rapidly in recent years due to its advantages of low bandwidth overhead and low delay, but it also brings challenges in data security and privacy. Website fingerprinting (WF) is a passive traffic analysis attack that threatens website privacy which poses a great threat to user’s privacy and web security. It collects network packets generated while a user accesses website, and then uses a series of techniques to discover patterns of network packets to infer the type of website user accesses. Many anonymous networks such as Tor can meet the need of hide identity from users in network activities, but they are also threatened by WF attacks. In this paper, we propose a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks, called Random Bidirectional Padding (RBP). It is a novel website fingerprinting defense technology based on time sampling and random bidirectional packets padding, which can covert the real packets distribution to destroy the Inter-Arrival Time (IAT) features in the traffic sequence and increase the difference between the datasets with random bidirectional virtual packets padding. We evaluate the defense against state-of-the-art website fingerprinting attacks in real scenarios, and show its effectiveness.

Effect of Ultrasound and Calf Stretching in relieving Gastrocnemius Tightness in subjects with Plantar Fascitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 3025-3028
Author(s):  
Sowmya M V ◽  
Nandhini S ◽  
Manigandan V
Keyword(s):  
Functional Ability ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gastrocnemius Tightness

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound and calf stretching in subjects with gastrocnemius tightness in plantar fascitis to reduce pain and improve functional ability. Method: 30 patients with plantar fascitis selected from Saveetha college of physiotherapy and rehabilitation center (SPARC) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patients were treated with ultrasound therapy and calf stretching. The pre and post test values of pain and functional ability was be calculated using Silfverskiold test and Foot Function Index as an outcome measure. Results: The mean value and standard errors were calculated for different variables and the difference in mean value was tested for statistical significance using paired t test. P value of <0.0001 was considered as statistically significant. Conclusion: From the statistical analysis and graphical interpretation the final derived results concluded that combined therapy of ultrasound and calf stretching is found to be effective in relieving gastrocnemius tightness in patient suffering with plantar fascitis and it can be used to improve the functional activities.

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