scholarly journals Steel industry of the world and of Russia in pandemic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 657-664
Author(s):  
N. G. Zinov’eva
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steel Production ◽  
World Market ◽  
The World ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chinese Export ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
In Cis ◽  
Production Dynamic

The crisis of the world economy, caused by coronavirus pandemic early 2020, resulted in a recession in demand for steel products, decrease of ferrous metals production. Dynamic of steel production by world regions and separate countries in 2019 and by 4 months of 2020 is presented. Results of IQ-2020 comparing with the analogue period of 2019, published by WSA, showed more than 10% production drop in such countries like Italy, Spain, Belgium, Taiwan, Venezuela and other, less than 10% production drop in the USA, Russia, Japan, India, Germany, Vietnam. Total decrease of production in IQ-2020 in Top-20 countries accounted for about 1%. In Russia, as per Rosstat data, production of steel and rolled products in the IQ-2020 was less by 1.1% comparing with the volume of IQ-2019. Dynamic of prices within the period from April of 2019 till April of 2020 presented for iron ore raw materials, steel billets, rebars, HRC and CRC at the world market. The decrease of steel rolled products import in the USA in January-April of 2020 by 5,8 million tons was noted, which is 28,2 % lower than the volume of January-April 2019. EC countries in IQ- 2020 decreased export of steel rolled products by 11% down to 4.51 million tons, comparing with IQ-2019, import decreased by 20.6% down to 5.7 million tons. China in January-April of 2020 comparing with January-April of 2019 decreased export of steel by 11.7% down to 20.6 million tons, and increased import by 7.4% up to 4.2 million tons. It was noted, that demand increase at the domestic market of China and tariff-wall, imposed by the USA, EC countries and other countries contribute to the decrease of Chinese export. In 2020 further decrease of steel products demand is expected by 6.4%. In EC countries the metal products consumption due to estimation will decrease by 15.8%, in developing countries (without China), as expected, by the results of 2020 the indices will deteriorate by 11.6%. Consumption of steel products in China in 2020 will increase by 1%. In CIS countries and Russia the decrease of steel consumption in 2020 will be about 10%.

scholarly journals World corn market: analysis, trends and prospects of its deep processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Natalia Tanklevska ◽  
Viktoriia Petrenko ◽  
Alla Karnaushenko ◽  
Kateryna Melnykova
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Corn Processing

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to determine the prospects of deep processing of corn in Ukraine, taking into account the restraining factors of development, on the basis of the analysis of the state and tendencies of functioning of the world market of corn. Methodology / approach. During the research, general scientific and special research methods were used, in particular: analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction – in determining the purpose and formulating conclusions; comparative, calculation, statistical and graphical ones – in the assessment, analysis, comparison and establishment of patterns of the current state and trends in the production of corn and its deep processing; program-target one – to substantiate the factors of intensification of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Results. The analysis was carried out and tendencies of world corn production were determined. The shares of countries-producers and countries-consumers of corn were calculated; their dynamics of changes were analyzed. Analysis of the dynamics of prices for corn grain on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange indicates that the price of raw materials is gradually declining, so agricultural enterprises that sell corn as a raw material, lose income from its production. The structure of corn use in different directions in the world was analyzed, and the structure of its use in the USA was considered in more detail. Factors of activation of deep processing of corn were identified. In Ukraine, deep grain processing as an industry is just beginning to develop, so it is worth processing corn, based on the experience of leading countries, such as the USA and China. Estimated costs for the construction of a modern plant for deep processing of corn and income from the implementation of this investment project were calculated. Originality/scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the world corn market; economic substantiation of expediency of corn processing in Ukraine; improving the system of factors to intensify the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the results of the study is that they will contribute to the formation of the concept of intensifying the development of deep processing of corn in Ukraine. The main results can be used by agro-industrial enterprises during the development of deep corn processing projects.

ADAPTATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCERS IN THE NEW ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.Н. СУРОВЦЕВ ◽  
Е.Н. ПАЮРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
World Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
State Support ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Проанализированы проблемы на рынке молока и молочных продуктов России в условиях глобального экономического кризиса: перепроизводство молока в основных странах-экспортерах, снижение закупочных цен на сырое молоко, снижение цен на биржевые товары в мире и России в 2020 году, тренд на уменьшение спроса на молочные продукты на мировом рынке в среднесрочном периоде, снижение общего спроса на молочные продукты на внутрироссийском рынке при падении реальных доходов населения, изменение структуры потребления. Проведена оценка новых возможностей и угроз для развития отрасли: со стороны потребителей — рост цен на продовольствие, снижение доходов; с позиции производителей молока — снижение закупочных цен, рост требований к сырью для производства продукции с увеличенными сроками годности, дефицит рабочей силы, вероятное сокращение господдержки в результате снижения цен на углеводороды, попытки регулирования цен; со стороны перерабатывающих предприятий — сокращение спроса, снижение цен на готовую продукцию вслед за мировыми ценами. Обоснованы приоритеты инвестирования в молочном скотоводстве и основные формы совершенствования государственной поддержки отрасли, обеспечивающие эффективную адаптацию производителей молока к новым экономическим условиям, повышение устойчивости отрасли при усилении макроэкономических рисков. The article analyzes the problems in the Russian milk and dairy products market in the context of the global economic crisis: overproduction of milk in the main exporting countries, lower purchase prices for raw milk, lower prices for commodities in the world and in Russia in 2020, trend to reduce demand for dairy products on the world market in medium term, a decrease in total demand for dairy products in the Russian market with a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, a change in the structure of consumption. An assessment of new opportunities and threats to the development of the industry was carried out: on the part of consumers — rising food prices, lower incomes; from the perspective of dairy producers — reduction in purchase prices, increased requirements for raw materials for the production of products with extended periods, labor shortages, the likely reduction in state support as a result of lower prices for hydrocarbons, attempts to regulate prices; on the part of processing enterprises — reduction of demand, reduction of prices for finished goods following world prices. The investment priorities in dairy cattle breeding and the main forms of improving state support for the industry, ensuring the effective adaptation of milk producers to new economic conditions, increasing the sustainability of the industry with increasing macroeconomic risks, are substantiated.

Assessment of the positions of the exporting countries of agri-food products on the world market according to their role in global value chains

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Elena Yu. Frolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
World Market ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
The World

The place in the rankings of agricultural exporting countries in world trade is estimated in terms of the volume of imports and exports of raw materials and food. However, to assess the efficiency of agricultural exports, it is important to analyze the value added of exported goods produced in the country. The position of the exporting country in global value chains is derived from the type of agricultural production, which in turn depends on the level of development of the national economy, the availability and breadth of use of modern high technologies. The article examines the concept of the development of world agriculture from the point of view of the formation of global value chains, set out in the report of the UN World Food Organization [1] in comparison with the political decisions of such countries as India and the People’s Republic of China in the development of agricultural and food exports. The paper analyzes the risks associated with the consolidation of developing countries as suppliers of agricultural raw materials, as well as the conditions and action plan that allow the country-exporter of agricultural raw materials to move to higher levels in the global value chains on the world market. This experience should be considered to make comprehensive and effective decisions on the formation of the export policy of agricultural products and food of the Russian Federation, considering the food security of the country.

China’s Diamond in the World Market

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 526-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hong Li ◽  
B. Zhao ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
J. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Diamond ◽  
World Market ◽  
Average Price ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Demand Pattern ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Competitive Prices

China becomes the biggest producing country of synthetic diamond in the world. China’s output in 2010 is in excess of 7 billion carats. The yearly average increase rate is nearly 20% for the last 10 years. It almost accounts for 90% of the world’s production. China’s diamond is exported to 58 countries and regions in 2009. The yearly average export increase rate is about 30% for the last 10 years. Two main reasons supported such growth: 1) Continuous improvements made to the diamond synthesizing technology and as a result quality becoming better and better and to a large extend Chinese diamond is close to or equal to those made by her Western counterparts in terms of quality. 2) Competitive prices. The average price is only about $0.05 per carat in 2009, making it irresistible for world users to turn to Chinese diamond. Diamond producers in the Western countries turn to produce more profitable products like PCD & PCBN. This paper delivers some key statistics of Chinese diamond output and export in the last 10 years; it also highlights the diamond import in USA and Japan. The USA is the biggest consumer of China’s diamond. The supply & demand pattern for synthetic diamond is very much different from what it used to be 10 years ago. All these facts are further illustrated by the 10 figures and 1 table in this paper.

STATE, TRENDS, AND STRUCTURE OF THE WORLD NANO-POWDER MARKET

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malyshev ◽  
Kushchevska ◽  
Bruskova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Market ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the global nanopowder market. Materials and methods. The study used such research methods as system-logical method, method of statistical generalization, comparative and factor analysis. Research results. It is known that nanopowders are obtained by chemical, physical, physico-chemical and mechanical methods. One of the major problems in the production of nanopowders is the tendency of nanoparticles to form aggregates and agglomerates that complicate the production of compact materials. To overcome the forces of agglomeration, a mechanical force or an increase in the sintering temperature must be applied. According to estimates from the consulting company Lux Research, in 2012, the nanotechnology market was $ 190.3 billion. Its annual growth is 15-17%. The world market leaders are the United States ($ 59 billion), Europe ($ 47 billion) and the Asia Pacific region ($ 9.4 billion). The US is the leader in both the commercial market and the number of publications (about 25,000 in 2015) and patents in nanotechnology (45% of patents). Following the results of 2015, more than $1.4 trillion worth of nanotechnology products were manufactured. In the structure of production of nanoproducts the chemical industry, scientific researches (intermediary products, as a rule, not serial) and electronics are leading. Global investments in nanotechnology in 2015 totaled $ 18.1 billion. This indicator increased by 18% compared to 2013. Corporate investments ($ 8.6 billion) became the main source of financing (public - only $ 8.3 billion). The leaders in terms of public investment are the US and the EU. Experts estimate that, by 2020, investment leadership may shift to Japan. Today, the leader in the nanomaterials market is the United States with a projected revenue level of 2018 of $ 1.46 billion. The main products on the world market for nanopowders are metal oxide powders. In the product group of metal oxides 4/5 the production volume accounts for the three most common types of raw materials: silica (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). At the same time, silica occupies more than half of all production, alumina - 18% and titanium dioxide - 10%. The most available oxides are oxides of iron, zinc, cerium, zirconium, cuprum, magnesium, yttrium. The most complex oxides and mixtures are: tin oxide, barium titanate, cobalt carbide, silicon nitride and indium tin oxide. An analysis of the patents presented for nanopowder research has shown that the most promising area of ​​scientific development is aluminum and precious metal nanopowders. Conclusions. Analysis of the world nanopowder market makes it possible to identify the following indicators that characterize its development: the common problem in the nanomaterials market is high cost of production, low volume of production and accessibility for the end consumer; the most developed nanopowder markets: USA, Europe and Asia-Pacific; projected growth rates during 2015-2020 The three largest components of the nanomaterials market: energy, production of catalysts, structural materials - 60%, 13% and 30% respectively; production of metal oxide products prevails in the world market of nanopowders; the most common types of raw materials: silica) - more than half of all production, titanium dioxide - 10% and alumina - 18%.

scholarly journals New Industrial Conditions of Sustainable Development of Mineral Resource Dependent Russian Economy in High Volatility Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 04049
Author(s):  
Tatiana Skryl ◽  
Evgeniya Shavina ◽  
Elena Dotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
World Market ◽  
Industrial Transformation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
New Industrialization ◽  
Positive Results

The conditions for the transition to sustainable development and new industrial transformation for resource-dependent countries are closely linked. With the increasing volatility of the world market of raw materials and finance, the innovative modernization of the extractive industries, as the basis of the new industrialization of the economy, is experiencing significant difficulties. The article analyzes the problems of transition of the resource-dependent Russian economy to sustainable development, associated with the slowdown of the process of new industrialization in the context of the world market volatility. The authors assessed the new industrialization of the Russian economy following the 5-year period of sanctions imposed by Western countries. The article provides a theoretical review of the concept of the influence of sanctions on transition to sustainable development. The authors concluded that the mineral resources export-oriented strategy of the Russian economy still gives positive results, although the internal structure of the Russian economy has not changed significantly.

scholarly journals The globalization of the world coal market – contradictions and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 01044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yevheniia Sribna ◽  
Olena Trokhymets ◽  
Ihor Nosatov ◽  
Iryna Kriukova
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Coal Market ◽  
Coal Supply ◽  
State Subsidies

The article describes the global coal market as the ratio of demand and supply depending on the development of energy technologies in the historical section. The continental specificity of coal mining is given. The basic world exporters and importers of coal and their role in the sale of energy fuels are analyzed. The key coal producing countries are China, India, the USA, and Australia. The largest consumers of coal products are China, India, Japan and Korea. There are unconditional leaders in the export coal market: Indonesia and Australia. In addition, a comparison of large coal companies and their share in the world market is presented. The features of coal supplies are analyzed in accordance with international rules (Incoterms), which regulate the rights and obligations of the buyer when conducting international trade, as well as determine the moment of transfer of risks from the seller to the buyer. The following supply bases were characterized: FOB (Free On Board), FAS (Free Alongside Ship), CIF (Cost Insurance and Freight), DAP (Delivered At Place), FCA (Free Carrier) etc. Trends in the logistics component of the global coal industry are revealed. Logistic of coal supply chains in comparison with other energy fuels and their features are disclosed. The problem of profitability of mines and their effectiveness is presented. Assessment of the environmental components of coal use in industry and energy is analyzed. It was noted that on the background of the trend to protect the environment and promote renewable energy, coal is becoming less popular in developed countries. This trend is further exacerbated by state subsidies for green energy.

Forthcoming Economic Changes on the World Market under the Influence of 4.0 and the Following Revolutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
K. Gylka ◽  
Ho Jin Han ◽  
A. Gribincha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
World Market ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
New Generation

The leading countries have taken the direction of the vector towards digitalization. In the CIS countries, this direction means “digital economy”, but in other countries, it is Industry 4.0 (Germany), in the USA — Industrial Internet Consortium. In fact, this is one and the same process — the translation of the economy into a digital mode, technology, an algorithm for expressing phenomena and actions, goods and services, thoughts, artificial intelligence, etc. Other countries went further by announcing the development of strategy 5.0 (Japan) or 6.0 (China). Many countries do not have rich natural resources, so they completely depend on the quality of education of the new generation, and it needs to be prepared for revolutionary changes. Therefore, the emphasis is on children — this is our future — the theme is as relevant as ever. Humanity is subject to a number of shocks. They are reducing the number of employees, aging populations, declining global competitiveness of production, the need to upgrade infrastructure, environmental problems, lack of natural resources, issues of tackling natural disasters and countering terrorism. There was a necessity to create a universal concept that would go beyond sectoral problems and respond primarily to social needs and needs.

scholarly journals The Role of OECD Corporate Governance Principles in the Integration of Commonwealth of Independent States Countries to the World Economy

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naim Ata Atabey ◽  
Halenur Yılmaz ◽  
Merve Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Commonwealth Of Independent States ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
In Cis

The founding members of The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) consist of mostly the European countries. The organization which is regional in nature and more focused on Europe has global aims like contributing to developments of world trade and economic development of members and other countries in the process of economic development. Corporate Governance Principles published for the first time in 1999 by OECD that can be adapted by each country according to their circumstances, provide guidance to countries in order to achieve the objectives. Corporate Governance Principles mainly focus on the responsibility, fairness, transparency and accountability. Gaining their independence after the dissolution of Soviet Union, the countries established Commonwealth of Independent States. They began to build their economic structures and make their presence felt in the world economy. Some developments like establishment of capital market can be seen as the best example of that effect. For all countries including Eurasia, adapting to the new institutional arrangements for businesses has become more important to continue their existence. Moreover, such integration between the CIS and world countries will contribute positively to developments of economic and cultural relationships. In this respect, enterprises in CIS countries are expected to shape their organizational structure according to international rules and standards. In this paper, the emerging developments of CIS countries due to being member to OECD and their compliance with Corporate Governance Principles, their possible problems and Corporate Governance Principles which is seen as common ground between CIS and world countries are evaluated.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document